EXPERIMENT 1 : REACTION ON BEAM

a. OBJECTIVE

To test the reaction on simply supported beam under point load

b. INTRODUCTION

The reaction on beam reacted as what Newton Third Law stated. Action and reaction is
the same but opposite. Total reaction component depends on the types of supports.
The structure under reaction is in equilibrium. This situation must occured so that the
structure will not move. For that to happened, this structure must obey the rule of
equilibrium. The load must be equalized by the reaction on the supports. The magnitude of
action can be calculated using static equation. If this structure is externally determinacy,
static equation was enough to solve the calculation.

The steps to calculate the reaction are as below:
1. drew a image of the structure
2. identified the supports
3. Marked the reaction that will occur at all support, such as vertical reaction, horizontal
reaction, and moment reaction. Assume that component react at all directions.
4. Write and solve all static equation which suitable to identify all the reaction
magnitudes.
5. If the answer calculated was negative, this show that the direction pointed was
opposite. If the value show positive value, this show that the direction was correct.









These steps should be followed in order to solve the reaction of structure which have not
more than three reactions.





R
1
R
2

c. APPARATUS

Apparatus is set up as show in the picture below.
















W
Diagram 1: One point load



M

1050 mm
x











d. PROCEDURES

Apparatus was set up as shown in Diagram 1 and 2. The beam is to be making sure that it was
flatted by using adjustable screw. The initial reading is on balance spring is jot down

1. Beam was loaded with one point load at different distance (x) from support (A).
Action value on beam was observed and jot down at different weight (M) at different
distance.
2. Two point loads (M
1
and M
2
) was applied as shown in Diagram 2 and the reaction at
difference was jot down carefully.
3. One point load, M
3
was placed at distance y. Reaction on beam by the balance spring
was jot down carefully. Values of M
3
and y are unknown and have to be identifying
from this experiment.

The reaction R1, R2, R3, and R4 id calculated using principle of moment and value have to
be obtained by comparing the reading from balance spring.

m
M1 M2 M3
Diagram 2: Two point load
m
n
y
Balance
spring


e. RESULT

For one point load, M =1 kg
Distance, x (mm) Reaction R
1
on A(N) Reaction R
2
on B(N)
Experiment Calculation Experiment Calculation
375 18 0.64 16 0.36
500 17 0.52 18 0.48
750 15 0.29 20 0.71
1000 12 0.05 22 0.95
Table 1

For two point load, M
1
=1 kg , M
2
=2 kg
Distance,
m
Distance,
n
Reaction R
3
on A(N) Reaction R
4
on B(N)
(mm) (mm) Experiment Calculation Experiment Calculation
125 875 24 1.21 31 2.48
250 750 25 1.33 30 1.67
375 625 27 1.50 28 1.50

Table 2
For point load, M
3
,
Distance, y (mm) Reaction R
5
on
B(N)
Reaction R
6
on
B(N)
M
3
(N)

CALCULATION

F = m x g
Where, F = force created
m = weight of object
g = gravitation force (10ms (

Moment for force on certain point was equal to the total of objects weight multiple with the
distance of the object.

M = Force x Distance
300 2.0 N 0.5 N 2.5 N
Where, M = moment


f. EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION

Table 1

X M




A B

R
1
R
1

1050mm

For one point load, M
1
= 1 KG

Taking moment about B
Clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment
Therefore,

R x 1050 = 1 x 675 Resolving vertically,
R
1
= 675 / 1050 force up = force down
R
1
= 0.64 N R
1
+ R
2
=

1
3.21 + R
2
= 1
R
2
= 1-0.64
R
2
= 0.36 N
Table 2
n

m M
2


M
1


B
A
R
3
R
4
1050 mm

For two point load, M
1
= 1 kg , M
2
= 2 kg

Taking moment about B,
Clockwise = anticlockwise
Therefore,
R
3
x 1050 mm = (1x925) + (2x175)

R
3
= 1275/ 1050
R
3
= 1.21 N

Resolving vertically,
Force up = force down
R
3
+ R
4
= 3
R
4
= 3/1.21
R
4
=2.48N

Taking moment about B
Clockwise = anticlockwise
Therefore,
R
3x
x1050 = 1(800) + 2 (300)
R
3
= 1400/1050
R
3
= 1.33 N

Resolving vertically,
Force up = force down ,
R
3
+ R
4
= 3
1.33 + R
4
= 3
R
4
=1.67N

Taking moment about B, Resolving vertically,
Clockwise = anticlockwise Force up = force down
Therefore,
R
3
+ R
4
= 3
R
3
(1050) = 1 (675) + 2 (452)
R 3= 1.50 N R
4
= 1.50 N

TABLE 3

Taking moment about B Force up = force down
Therefore , clockwise=anticlockwise

R
5
= 2.0 N R
5
+ R
6
= M
3

R
6
= 0.5 N 2.0 + 0.5= 2.5 N










g. DISCUSSION

Explain the reasons of occurring errors and give your conclusion.
In conducting experiment a person encounters one or more errors, systematics error and
random error. In accuracy occurs in the reading due to :
- The imbalance of the equalizer spring.
- Environmental factors such as wind and vibration.
- The flaw of the apparatus.
- Human error (parallax error) when set up experiment misread an instrument or
mistake in calculation.

Facts that causes the error of experiments conclusion.
In accuracy in the experiment can be reduces by taking several precautions method including
:
Taking several readings and taking and average as the final result
Reading and eye level must be perpendicular to reduce parallax error.
The experiment should be done in secure and closed environment to reduce error
caused by the environment surrounding.


h. CONCLUSION
- Beam is equilibrium condition when total force is equal.
- Uncertainly in result can be avoid by taking more than one readings and calculate
the average reading and replace the old apparatus to new one.