KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007

TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE
Technology Year
In 3500 BC, the Sumerians
developed cuneiform writing.
In 1500 BC, the Phoenicians
developed the alphaet
In 105 BC, !sai "un of China
invented paper.
In 1#5#, the first printing egan
with the creation of a printing
machine.
In 1$%3, the telegraph line was
invented.
In 1&$', the first telephone was
introduced.
1
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
In 1%(5, television was made
)nown to pulic.
In 1%#1, the computer was
created.
In 1%5&, the photocopier machine
was introduced.
In 1%'3, the communication
satellite was
introduced.
In 1%'%, the first Internet )nown
as *+P*,-! was introduced.
LESSON 2
2
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
In the earl. .ears, efore the computer was invented, there are several
inventions of counting machines.
/ear
(00
BC
C0I,-S- *B*C1S
500
BC
-2/P!I*, *B*C1S
1'(0
340, ,*PI-+ ,*PI-+5S B4,-S
1'53
B"*IS- P*SC*" P*SC*"I,-
3
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
1'$3
24!!6+I-7 8I"0-"9 :4,
"-IB,I;
"-IB,I;5S +-C0,-+
1&01
34S-P0 9*+I- 3*C<1*+7 8-*:I,2 "449
1&(3
C0*+"-S B*BB*2-
9-C0*,IC*" C*"C1"*!4+
9*C0I,-
1%#1
0*+:*+7 1,I:-+SI!/
9*+= 1
4
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
COMPUTER GENERATIONS
FIRST GENERATION (!"#$!%&'
!he first generation of computer were huge, slow, e>pensive and often
unreliale. In 1%#', two *mericans, Presper -c)ert and 8illian 9auchl. uild
the ENIAC ?-lectronic ,umerical Integrator and Computer@. It use vacuum
tue instead of mechanical switches of the 9*+= 1.

In 1%51, -c)ert and 9auchl. uild the
1,I:*C, which could calculate at the
rate of 10,000 addition per seconds.
Har()are Technology
,ew invention of hardware were needed with the new computer technolog..
Technology *e+a,l-
:*C119 !1B- !he vacuum tue was an e>tremel.
important step of the advancement of
computers.In a computer, a vacuum tue
which is an electronic tue aout the siAe of
light uls, was used as the internal
computer components. !housands of them
were used.
P1,C0-7 C*+7
Punched card was used to store data.
5
Presper Eckert Willian Mauchly
Vacuum tube
MARK 1
U!VA" # U!VER$A% AU&'MA&!" "'MPU&ER
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
9*2,-!IC !*P-
9agnetic tape was introduced in 1%5$. It
was a faster and a more compact method of
storing data. 1sing magnetic tape ecame
more reliale and costBeffective.
Prolems
the vacuum tues generated a great deal of heat causing man.
prolems in temperature regulation and climate control
the tues also urnt out freCuentl.
people operating the computer did not )now that the prolem was in
the programming machine
the second generation computer scientists invented something new
due to lots of prolem created . vacuum tues
SECON* GENERATION (!%&$!&.'
!he famous computer scientists during the second generation era wereD
!he creation of transistor spar) the production of a wave of second
generation computer. !ransistor was small devices use to transfer electronic
signals across a resister. !ransistors had man. advantages compared to
other hardware technolog..
transistors were smaller than vacuum tues
the. needed no warm up time
consumed less energ.
generated much less heat
faster and more reliale
(
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
THIR* GENERATION (!&"$!/'
In the third generation era, the IB9 3$0 series were
introduced in 1%'#. It came in several models and
siAes.It was used for usiness and scientific programs.
4ther computer models introduced were C7C $'00
and B(500.
!he development of integrated circuit ?IC@, signal the
eginning of the third generation computers. Silicone
chips were manufactured in 1%'1 at the Silicone :alle..
!hen came the integrated circuit technolog., which had
reduced the siAe and cost of computers.
It is a complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicone. 8hich is also
)nown as semi conductor. 4ther than that, the 9agnetic Core 9emor.
was replaced . a device called the microchip. *lso the first (5' it +*9
was introduced and it was the asis for development of 1= it +*9.
A(0an+age-
* new concept in this generation was that of a famil. of computer which
allowed computer to e upgraded and e>panded as necessar..
Silicone chips were reliale, compact and
cheaper.
Sold hardware and software separatel.
which created the software industr..
customer service industr. flourished
?reservation and credit chec)s@
FOURTH GENERATION (!/$PRESENT'
It too) onl. 55 .ears for the # generations to
evolve. !he growth of the computer industr.
developed technologies of computer inventions.
!here are man. t.pes of computer models such asD
*pple 9acintosh
IB9
7-""
*C-+
In 1%$1 Intel created the first microprocessor. In 1%$', Steve 3os uilt the
first *pple computer. !hen, in 1%&1, IB9 introduced its first personal
computer.
)
$te*e +,bs -ill .ates Micheal /ell
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
7uring the fourth generation, hardware technolog. such as silicone chips,
microprocessor and storage devices were invented. * microprocessor is a
specialiAed chip which is developed for computer memor. and logic.
!he microprocessor is a largeBscale integrated circuit which contained
thousands of transistors. !he transistors on this one chip are capale of
performing all of the functions of a computer5s central processing unit.
A(0an+age-
Computers ecame 100 times smaller than -,I*C ?-lectronic
,umerical Integrator and Computer@ the first computer
2ain in speed, reliailit. and storage capacit.
Personal and software industr. oomed
FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT 1 2EYON*'
!he fifth generation computers are technologicall.
advance and are still eing development to ecome
more efficient.
!he inventions of new hardware technolog. in the
fifth generation have grown rapidl. including man.
other modern computer devices such as D
silicone chips
processor
rootics
virtual realit.
intelligent s.stems
programs which translate languages
NE3 ERA COMPUTER
*fter the fifth generation computer, the technolog. of computer has ecome
more advanced, modern and sophisticated. !he latest
invention in the era of computers
are D
Super Computers
9ainframe Computers
0
Micr,pr,cess,r
$ilic,ne "hips
Mini ",mputers
M,bile ",mputer
KHAIRUL@SMK Bandar Tenggara 2007
9ini Computers
Personal Computers
9oile Computers
In the new era of
computers, e>pert
s.stem such as
teleconferencing and
speechBrecognition
s.stem have een
invented as part of
modern world communication tools.
1
Main2rame ",mputers
Pers,nal ",mputers
$uper ",mputers