STEFANA BALAN

THE ENGLISH TENSES:

THEORY, PRACTICE AND
KEY
1
1. SIMPLE PRESENT
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+V1(+S/ES FOR HE/SHE/IT)

INTERROGATIVE:DO/DOES(HE/SHE/IT)+SUBJECT+V1

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+DO NOT/DOES NOT+V1
DONT/DOESNT

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE: DONT/DOESNT+SUBJECT+V1
DO/DOES+ SUBJECT+NOT+V1
USE:
1. to !"#$$ %t#&'(/)&#'( t#*t+$, o# to -'. $t't-&t$ o/ )&#'( 0'(121t3
4. to !"#$$ #"'t2/+'51t*'(/"#-'&&t '6t1o&$. S*6+ '6t1o&$ '# *$*'((3 '66o-"'&12
53 /#7*&63 '20#5$: every (day/week), never, occasionally, often, sometimes, seldom,
twice a week, usually, t6.
8.1& 21#6t $"6+ to 1&t#o2*6 7*ot't1o&$
9.1& )101&) t+ $*--'#3 o/ ' $to#3, 51&) 6'((2 %&'##'t10/+1$to#16 "#$&t
: 1& t((1&) $to#1$ 5ot+ $1-"( '&2 6o&t1&*o*$ "#$&t 6'& 5 -"(o32
;. 1& $t"-53-$t" 1&$t#*6t1o&$ o# 2-o&$t#'t1o&$:
<. 1& $"o#t$ 6o--&t'#1$. I& t+1$ 6'$ t+ $1-"( "#$&t #/#$ to 7*16.# '6t1o&$ (=+16+
'# /1&1$+2 5/o# t+ $&t&6 t+'t 2$6#152 t+-) .T+ "#$&t 6o&t1&*o*$ 1$ *$2 /o#
(o&)# '6t101t1$.
>. to !"#$$ '& o//161'((3 "('&&2 '6t1o& o# '& '6t1o& 5(o&)1&) to ' $tt(2 "#o)#'-:
2
?. to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o&
'. 1& ' 6o&21t1o&'( 6('*$
5. 1& ' t1- 6('*$ =+o$ '6t1o& 1$ $1-*(t'&o*$ =1t+ '&ot+# /*t*# '6t1o&
@. 1& "#o0#5$, $'31&)$
1A. 1& 6#t'1& 6o&t!t$, $"61'((3 1& 1&t##o)'t10 $&t&6$, to #&2# ' -o2'(
+1&t(#"#o'6+)
11.1& !6('-'to#3 $&t&6$ 5)1&&1&) =1t+ %here '&2 %there
: 1/ t+$ $t't-&t$ '# &ot !6('-'to#3, t+ "#o)#$$10 '$"6t -*$t 5 *$2
14.=1t+ $t't 0#5$ o# 0#5$ 6o&t'1&1&) 1& t+-$(0$ t+ 12' o/ 6o&t1&*1t3 (to continue, to
go on ,to move on, to keep on, etc)
: =+& to )o o& -'&$ to +'""&, = *$ t+ "#o)#$$10 '$"6t.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+AM/ARE/IS+V-ING

INTERROGATIVE:AM/ARE/IS+SUBJECT+V-ING

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+AM NOT/ARE NOT/IS NOT+V-ING
- ARENT/ISNT

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE:ARENT/ISNT+SUBJECT+V-ING
AM/ARE/IS+ SUBJECT+NOT+V-ING
USE:
1.to !"#$$ '& '6t1o& 1& "#o)#$$ 't t+ -o-&t o/ $"'.1&). T+ /(1&) o/ 1--21't
"#$&t 1$ o/t& -"+'$1B2 53 just '&2 now
4.to !"#$$ t-"o#'#3 '6t1o&$
3
8. to !"#$$ ' 2/1&1t '##'&)-&t 1& t+ &'# /*t*# o# $o-5o23$ 1--21't "('&$
: t+ t1- o/ t+ '6t1o& -*$t 5 )10& 1& t+1$ 6'$ 1& o#2# to '0o12 6o&/*$1o&
9. to !"#$$ /*t*# '6t1o&$ =1t+ $*6+ 0#5$ '$ : to come, to go, to arrive, to leave
;. to !"#$$ ' /#7*&t #"t1t1o& o/ '& '6t101t3 =+16+ +'$ ' 21$t1&6t -'&1&) o/ '&&o3'&6,
1##1t't1o&, $'#6'$-. I& t+1$ 6'$ t+ 0#5$ '# *$*'((3 '66o-"'&12 53 $*6+ '20#5$ '$:
always, constantly, continually, and forever.
<. 1& $*5o#21&'t 6('*$$ o/ t1- o# 6o&21t1o&
>. =1t+ t+ 0#5$ to )t o# to )#o= to !"#$$ ' t#'&$1t1o& /#o- o& $t't to '&ot+#
STATE VERBS
1. VERBS OF CERCECTION: to feel, to hear, to notice, to see, to smell, to taste
: T+ 12' o/ '6t1o& 1& "#o)#$$ =1t+ $*6+ 0#5$ 1$ )10& 53 t+ *$ o/ can/could
: To smell ,to taste '&2 to feel -'3 5 /o*&2 1& t+ 6o&t1&*o*$ '$"6t =+& t+3 1-"(3 '
0o(*&t'#3 '6t1o& o& t+ "'#t o/ t+ $*5D6t.
: E+& t+$ 0#5$ '# *$2 =1t+ -'&1&)$ =+16+ '# 21//#&t /#o- t+1# 5'$16 o&$ t+3
-'3 5 *$2 1& t+ "#o)#$$10 '$"6t.
4.VERBS EFCRESSING MENTAL ACTIVITIES:
to agree, to believe, to distrust, to doubt, to find, to foresee, to forget, to guess, to imagine,
to know, to mean, to mind, to remember, to recognize, to recollect, to suppose, to think
(that), to trust, to understand
4
8.VERBS EFCRESSING EISH: to desire, to intend, to want, to wish
9. VERBS EFCRESSING ATTITUDES, FEELINGS, EMOTIONAL STATES:
to abhor, to adore, to detest, to dislike, to displease, to like, to love , to hate, to please, to
prefer
;. VERBS EFCRESSING COSSESSION: to belong to, to have, to hold, to keep to owe, to
own, to possess
<. VERBS EFCRESSING A STATE, A CONDITION: to appear, to be, to consist of, to
contain, to differ, to deserve, to equal, to resemble, to seem, to suit
>. OTHER VERBS: to compare, to epect, to matter, to result (from)
?. MODAL VERBS! will/would, shall/ should" can/could" may/might, must
3. PAST SIMPLE
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+V4

5
INTERROGATIVE:DID +SUBJECT+V1

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+DID NOT+V1
DIDNT

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE: DIDNT+SUBJECT+V1
DID+ SUBJECT+NOT+V1
SCELLING RULES OF THE CAST FORM ('&2 "'$t "'#t161"() OF REGULAR VERBS
1. =+& $+o#t 1&/1&1t10 &2$ 1& #e o&(3 #d 1$ '222
4. =+& ' o&-$3(('5( 0#5 &2$ 1& ' $1&)( 6o&$o&'&t (=1t+ t+ !6"t1o& o/ c, w, or )
"#622 53 ' $1&)( 0o=(, t+ /1&'( 6o&$o&'&t 1$ 2o*5(2 '&2 #ed 1$ '222
8. t+ 0#5$ &21&) 1& #c '22 k '/t# c t+& Ged 1$ '222
9. =+& ' 0#5 o/ -o# t+'& o& $3(('5( &2$ 1& ' $1&)( 6o&$o&'&t "#622 53 ' $1&)(
0o=(, t+ /1&'( 6o&$o&'&t 1$ 2o*5(2 1/ t+ /1&'( $3(('5( 1$ $t#$$2.
B*t t+ /1&'( 6o&$o&'&t 1$ &ot 2o*5(2 =+& t+ /1&'( 6o&$o&'&t 1$ &ot $t#$$2 (visited,
listened)
E!6"t1o&$! kidnapped, handicapped
;. E+& t+ $+o#t 1&/1&1t10 o/ ' 0#5 &2$ 1& #y "#622 53 ' 0o=(, t+ y 2o$ &ot
6+'&). B*t 1/ t+ #y 1$ "#622 53 ' 6o&$o&'&t, 1t 1$ 6+'&)2 1&to GI '&2 t+& Ged 1$
'222 (played, tried)
USE:
1. To !"#$$ '& '6t1o& o# ' $t't =+o((3 6o-"(t2 't $o- -o-&t o# 2*#1&) $o- "#1o2
1& t+ "'$t. I& /'6t 1t 1$ ' &'##'t10 t&$. I& t+1$ 6'$ ' "'$t '20#51'( $*6+ '$ when, the
other day, then, yesterday, last week, last month, in $%%&, ago, t6. o66*#$ 1& t+ $&t&6.
6
H $o-t1-$, t+ t1- 56o-$ 2/1&1t '$ t+ #$*(t o/ ' 7*$t1o& '&2 '& '&$=# 1& t+
"#$&t "#/6t
H$o- "#o"# &'-$, 53 #'$o& o/ t+1# 2/1&1t -'&1&), -'3 "#o012 t+ 6o&21t1o&$ /o#
t+ "'$t t&$:
4. to !"#$$ ' +'51t o# ' #"'t2 '6t1o& 1& t+ "'$t:
H 1& t+1$ 6'$ used to o# would (o&(3 =1t+ 23&'-16 0#5$) -'3 '($o 5 -"(o32
8. 1& 1&21#6t $"6+ to !"#$$ ' "#$&t t&$ /#o- 21#6t $"6+
9. 1& 6o&21t1o&'( 6('*$$ (t3" II) to !"#$$ ' "#$&t 6o&21t1o&'(
;. '/t# t+ 0#5 wish o# '/t# as if/as though" if only" would rather (=+& t+ $*5D6t$ '#
21//#&t)I it's (high) time:
H t+ 6o&$t#*6t1o& =o*(2 #'t+# 1$ /o((o=2 53 $+o#t 1&/1&1t10 1/ t+ t=o $*5D6t$ '# &ot
21//#&t
O5$#0't1o&: I& t+ 6'$$ 9 '&2 ; t+ 0#5 /o#-$ '# '6t*'((3 subjunctives(
<. to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o& 1& ' t1- 6('*$ =+16+ 1$ $1-*(t'&o*$ =1t+ '&ot+# o&
!"#$$2 53 /*t*#-1&-t+-"'$t (#"o#t2 $"6+)
4. PAST CONTINUOUS
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+EAS/EERE+V-ING
INTERROGATIVE:EAS/EERE+SUBJECT+V-ING
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+EAS NOT/EERE NOT +V-ING
- EASNT / EERENT
NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE:EASNT/EERENT+SUBJECT+V-ING
7
EAS/EERE+ SUBJECT+NOT+V-ING
USE:
1. To !"#$$ '& '6t1o& 1& "#o)#$$ 't ' 6#t'1& -o-&t 1& t+ "'$t:
4. To 1&216't t+'t '& '6t1o& ='$ )o1&) o& (5'6.)#o*&2) 't ' t1- =+& $o-t+1&) ($
-o# 1-"o#t'&t o# -o# 2#'-'t16 (/o#)#o*&2) too. "('6
8. To $+o= t+'t t=o o# -o# '6t1o&$ =# )o1&) o& 't t+ $'- t1- 1& t+ "'$t:
9. 1& 1&21#6t $"6+ to !"#$$ ' "#$&t 6o&t1&*o*$ /o#- /#o- 21#6t $"6+
;. To $1)&1/3 ' /*t*# '##'&)-&t $& /#o- ' "'$t -o-&t
<. =1t+ always to !"#$$ ' #"'t2 '6t1o& 1& t+ "'$t =+16+ '&&o3$ t+ $"'.#
>. 1& 6o&21t1o&'( 6('*$$ to !"#$$ ' "#$&t 6o&21t1o&'( 1& "#o)#$$
5.PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+V8

INTERROGATIVE: HAVE/HAS+SUBJECT+V8

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+HAVE NOT/HAS NOT +V8
- HAVENT/HASNT
8

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE: HAVENT/HASNT+SUBJECT+V8
HAVE/HAS+ SUBJECT+NOT+V8
OBSERVATION. A& '6t1o& o# $t't "#1o# to t+ -o-&t o/ $"'.1&) -'3 5 !"#$$2 5ot+
53 t+ "'$t t&$ '&2 53 "#$&t "#/6t. B*t =+1( t+ "'$t t&$ "#$&t$ t+ '6t1o&
=1t+o*t #/##1&) to t+ "#$&t -o-&t, t+ "#$&t "#/6t (1&.$ t+'t "'$t '6t1o& =1t+ t+
"#$&t. T+1$ -'&$ t+'t =+& = +'0 t+ "'$t t&$ = t+1&. o/ t+ t1- =+&
$o-t+1&) +'""&2 o# = &'##'t ' $7*&6 o/ 0&t$ 't ' )10& t1-. So, "#$&t
"#/6t 1$ *$2:
1. =+& = '# &o (o&)# 1&t#$t2 1& t+ t1- =+& t+ "'$t '6t1o& too. "('6 5*t 1& 1t$
#$*(t 1&to t+ "#$&t
4. =+& '& '6t1o& =+16+ $t'#t2 1& t+ "'$t +'$ 2*#'t1o& *" to t+ "#$&t -o-&t '&2
0& to t+ /*t*#
8. to !"#$$ 6o-"(t2 '6t101t1$ 1& t+ 1--21't "'$t. I& t+1$ 6'$ t+ 0#5 1$ )&#'((3
'66o-"'&12 53 just, lately, recently, of late, latterly, till now, up to now, so far, up to the
present, during the last week, the last few days, these twenty minutes, t6
::: o& $+o*(2 &ot 6o&/*$ t+1$ *$ o/ D*$t =1t+ t+ *$ o/ t+ '20#5 D*$t -'&1&)
5'#(3/&'#(3. E+& +'01&) t+$ -'&1&)$ 1t 6'& o66*# =1t+ 21//#&t t&$$:
9. =1t+ =o#2$ 2&ot1&) '& 1&6o-"(t "#1o2 o/ t1- : today, this week, this month, this
year, all day, all night, this morning, t6
::: this morning ,all day, all night 6o- =1t+ "'$t t&$ 1/ t+3 !"#$$ ' 6o-"(t "#1o2 o/
t1-.
;. )ow long, =+& 6o&6#&2 =1t+ ' "#1o2 o/ t1- !t&21&) 1&to t+ "#$&t, #7*1#$ t+
"#$&t "#/6t:
::: =+& 1t #/#$ o&(3 to ' "'$t "#1o2, t+ "'$t t&$ o# "'$t "#/6t '# to 5 -"(o32.
9
<. =1t+ '20#5$ o/ 1&2/1&1t t1- o# !"#$$1&) /#7*&63 : ever, never, often, seldom,
always, several times!
::: 1& t+1$ 6'$ 0# '&2 &0# -'& %'t '&3/&o t1- *" to t+ "#$&t. B*t =+& 0#
-'&$ %'t '&3 t1- 2*#1&) ' "#1o2 o/ t1- 6o-"(t(3 "'$t o# %'t
'&3 t1- 1& t+ /*t*# 1t 6'& 5 *$2 =1t+ ot+# t&$$ too.
::: =+& always 6o0#$ ' 6#t'1& "#1o2 o/ t1- 1& t+ "'$t, t+ "'$t t&$ 1$ to 5 /o*&2
+#
*** ever -'3 '($o 5 '& 1&t&$10 '20#5 '""#o'6+1&) t+ -'&1&) % =+'t0# o# %'t '((.
U&2# $*6+ 61#6*-$t'&6$ t+ "'$t t&$ 1$ -"(o32.
::: #+to#16'( 7*$t1o&$ #/##1&) 5'6. to t+ "'$t o/t& 6o&t'1& ever:
>. =1t+ t+ '20#5$ already '&2 yet.
?. =1t+ since '&2 for
@. /o# "'$t '6t1o&$ =+o$ t1- 1$ &ot -&t1o&2
1A. 1& &=$"'"#$ '&2 5#o'26'$t$ to 1&t#o2*6 '& '6t1o& =+16+ =1(( 5 2$6#152 1& t+
$1-"( "'$t. T+ t1- 1& t+ $6o&2 $&t&6 1$ o/t& )10&.
11. to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o& 1& ' t1- 6('*$, "#1o# to '&ot+# o& #"#$&t2 53 ' /*t*#
t&$. T+ "#$&t "#/6t 1$ *$*'((3 '66o-"'&12 1& t+1$ 6o&t!t 53: when(+after), as soon
as, till/until, by the time, the moment that!
14. 1& 6o&21t1o&'( 6('*$$ ( to #"('6 ' /*t*# "#/6t)
18. to 2$6#15 ' "'$t '6t1o& =1t+ "#$&t 6o&$7*&6$
6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+V-ING

INTERROGATIVE: HAVE/HAS+SUBJECT+BEEN+V-ING

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+HAVE NOT/HAS NOT + BEEN+V-ING
10
HAVENT/HASNT

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE: HAVENT/HASNT+SUBJECT+ BEEN+V-ING
HAVE/HAS+ SUBJECT+NOT BEEN+V-ING
USE:
1. =+1( t+ "#$&t "#/6t $1-"( 1-"(1$ t+'t t+ 'tt&t1o& 1$ /o6*$2 o& t+ #"t1t1o& o#
o& t+ 6o-"(t1o& o/ '& '6t1o&, t+ "#$&t "#/6t 6o&t1&*o*$ -"+'$1B$ t+ 2*#'t1o&, t+
6o&t1&*1t3 o/ t+ '6t1o& 1& t+ "#$&t.
4. 1t 1$ '($o /o*&2 1& $*5o#21&'t 6('*$$ o/ t1- to $+o= t+'t '& '6t1o& =+16+ 5)'& 1& t+
"'$t 1$ $t1(( *&2# ='3
8. "#$&t "#/6t 6o&t1&*o*$. 2$6#15$ '& '6t1o& =+16+ 1$ '""'#&t(3 *&1&t##*"t2 '&2 1t
=1(( &ot 5 -"(o32 =+& = -&t1o& t+ &*-5# o/ t1-$ ' t+1&) +'$ 5& 2o& o# t+
&*-5# o/ t+1&)$ t+'t +'0 5& 2o&
. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+HAD+V8

INTERROGATIVE: HAD+SUBJECT+V8

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+HAD NOT +V8
11
HADNT

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE: HADNT+SUBJECT+V8
HAD+ SUBJECT+NOT+V8
USE:
1. to !"#$$ ' "'$t '6t1o& t+'t too. "('6 5/o# ' "'$t -o-&t o# 5/o# '&ot+# '6t1o&
1& t+ "'$t. I& /'6t 1t 1$ t+ "'$t 7*10'(&t o/ t+ "#$&t "#/6t. Not t+ *$ o/ when,
before, now that, as soon as, and after 1& $o- o/ t+ $&t&6$ 6o&t'1&1&) ' "'$t "#/6t.
4. to !"#$$ 2*#'t1o& *" to ' 6#t'1& -o-&t 1& t+ "'$t
8.=1t+ just, hardly/barely/scarcely '&2 no sooner, to $+o= t+'t t+ "'$t '6t1o& ='$ /1&1$+2
' (1tt( t1- 5/o# '&ot+# "'$t '6t1o&
9. =1t+ since '&2 for =+& t+ "o1&t o/ #/#&6 1$ "'$t
;. 1& 1&21#6t $"6+ to !"#$$ ' "'$t t&$ o# ' "#$&t "#/6t /#o- 21#6t $"6+
<. to !"#$$ ' "'$t 6o&21t1o&'( 1& ' 6o&21t1o&'( 6('*$
>. to !"#$$ '& *&/*(/1((2 =1$+
?. '/t# had/would rather(=+& $*5D6t$ '# 21//#&t) o# as if/as though
@. to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o& t+'t t'.$ "('6 5/o# '&ot+# !"#$$2 53 ' /*t*#-1&-t+-
"'$t:
1A.=1t+ to epect, to hope, to intend, to mean, to think to !"#$$ "'$t +o", 1&t&t1o&,
=+16+ ='$ &ot /*(/1((2
!. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+HAD+BEEN+V-ING

12
INTERROGATIVE: HAD+SUBJECT+BEEN+V-ING

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+HAD NOT + BEEN+V-ING
HADNT

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE: HADNT+SUBJECT+ BEEN+V-ING
HAD+ SUBJECT+NOT BEEN+V-ING
USE:
1. To *&2#(1& t+ 6o&t1&*1t3 o/ ' "'$t -o-&t o# D*$t 5/o# 1t:
4. 1& 1&21#6t $"6+ to !"#$$ ' "'$t 6o&t1&*o*$ o# ' "#$&t "#/6t 6o&t1&*o*$
EFCRESSING FUTURE TIME
1. THE SIMPLE FUTURE
FORMS: AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+SHALL(I,EE)/EILL+V1

INTERROGATIVE:EILL/SHALL+SUBJECT+V1
13

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+EONT/EILL NOT +V1
SHALL NOT

NEGATIVE-INTERROGATIVE: EONT +SUBJECT+V1
EILL/SHALL+ SUBJECT+NOT+V1
USE:
E1((
1. 1$ *$2 to !"#$$ ' &*t#'( /*t*# 0&t, ' "#216t1o& '5o*t t+ /*t*#, =1t+o*t '&3
6o(o*#1&) o/ 0o(1t1o&, "#o-1$, t6:
4. ' /*t*# '6t1o& 1& t+ -'1& 6('*$ o/ 6o&21t1o&'( $&t&6$
1& 6#t'1& 6o&t!t$, t+ 1&t##o)'t10 /o#-$ S+'(( I /= JK '&2 E1(( 3o*JK -'3 +'0
21//#&t -'&1&)$.
4. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
SHALL/EILL+BE+V-ING
1. to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t101t3 o# $t't t+'t =1(( 5 1& "#o)#$$ 't ' 6#t'1& -o-&t 1& t+
/*t*#
4. to 1&216't t+'t '& '6t101t3 o# $t't =1(( !t&2 o0# ' /*t*# "#1o2
8. to !"#$$ /*t*# 0&t$ t+'t '# "('&&2
8. FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
SHALL/EILL+ HAVE +V8
USE:
1. to !"#$$ '& '6t1o& =+16+ =1(( 5 /1&1$+2 5/o# ' 6#t'1& -o-&t o# '&ot+# '6t1o& 1&
t+ /*t*#. I& t+1$ 6'$ 1t 1$ *$*'((3 '$$o61't2 =1t+ t+ "#"o$1t1o& 53 1& $*6+ 6o&$t#*6t1o&$
'$ 53 Mo&2'3/ 53 t+ t1-/ 53 t+ &2 o//,t6
4. t+ 2*#'t1o& *" to ' 6#t'1& t1- 1& t+ /*t*#
14
8. "o$$151(1t3 o# '$$*-"t1o&
9.FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SHALL/EILL+ HAVE +BEEN+V8
It 1$ *$2 to !"#$$ t+ 2*#'t1o& o/ '& '6t1o& *" to ' 6#t'1& -o-&t 1& t+ /*t*#:
;. FUTURE"IN"THE"PAST SIMPLE
SHOULD/EOULD+V1
It 1$ *$2 to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o& o# $t't $& /#o- ' 01="o1&t 1& t+ "'$t. It o66*#$ 1&
#"o#t2 $"6+:
<. FUTURE"IN"THE"PAST CONTINUOUS
SHOULD/EOULD+BE+V-ING
t+1$ t&$ !"#$$$ ' /*t*# 6o&t1&*o*$ 1& #"o#t2 $"6+:
>.PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. A "('&&2 '6t1o&, '& '##'&)-&t
4. ' /*t*# '6t1o& =1t+ 0#5$ o/ -o0-&t (to )o, to '##10, to ('0, to 6o-, t6)
?. SIMPLE PRESENT
1. 1& 6o&21t1o&'( 6('*$$:
4. 1& t1- 6('*$$
8. "'#t o/ '& o//161'((3 $tt(2 "#o)#'-
@.PRESENT PERFECT
It 1$ *$2 to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o&, 1& ' t1- 6('*$, t+'t =1(( t'. "('6 5/o# '&ot+#
/*t*# '6t1o&:
1A.PAST TENSE
It !"#$$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o& 1& ' t1- 6('*$, $1-*(t'&o*$ =1t+ '&ot+# '6t1o& !"#$$2 53
' /*t*#-1&-t+-"'$t (#"o#t2 $"6+)
11.PAST PERFECT
15
It 1$ *$2 to !"#$$ ' /*t*# '6t1o&, 1& ' t1- 6('*$, t+'t =1(( t'. "('6 5/o# '&ot+#
'6t1o& !"#$$2 53 ' /*t*#-1&-t+-"'$t
14. TO BE TO
MEANINGS:
1. $o-t+1&) t+'t 1$ 2$t1&2 to +'""&
4. '& o//161'( "('& o# '& '##'&)-&t
8. t+ =1(( o/ ' "#$o& 21//#&t /#o- t+ $"'.#
9. 2*t3
;. "o$$151(1t3, "#o5'51(1t3:
18. TO BE ABOUT TO
T+1$ 6o&$t#*6t1o& 1$ *$2 to !"#$$ $o-t+1&) t+'t =1(( +'""& 1& t+ 1--21't /*t*#:
19. TO BE GOING TO #NEAR FUTURE$
It 1$ *$2 to !"#$$:
1. 1&t&t1o& (/*t*# /*(/1((-&t o/ "#$&t 1&t&t1o&)
::: t+# 1$ ' 21//#&6 5t=& t+ 1&t&t1o& !"#$$2 53 =1(( '&2 t+ o& !"#$$2 53
5 )o1&) to. T+1$ 1$ 56'*$ t+ ('tt# !"#$$$ &ot o&(3 1&t&t1o& 5*t '($o "#-21t't1o&.
T+#/o# to 5 )o1&) to 1$ &ot *$2 =+# "#-21t't1o& 1$ &ot -"(o32.
4. "#216t1o&- =+& = .&o= t+'t $o-t+1&) =1(( t'. "('6 1& t+ &'# /*t*#.
O# =+& = $ t+'t $o-t+1&) 1$ '5o*t to +'""&
8. "('&&2 '6t1o&$
LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE
Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Prezent Participle Traducere
16
to arise arose arisen arising a se ridicaurcasuiivirasariisca
to a!a"e a!o"e a!a"ed a!a"ing a se trezidesteptascula
to #ac"#ite #ac"#it #ac"#itten #ac"#iting a defai$aponegri#irficalo$nia
to #e !as!ere #een #eing a fia se aflagasi
to #ear #ore #orn #earing a purtaducetransportacararodi
to #eat #eat #eaten #eating a #atelovisuna
to #eco$e #eca$e #eco$e #eco$ing a devenia%ungea se potrivi
to #eget #egot #egotten #egetting a procreaa da nastere la a cauza
to #egin #egan #egun #eginning a incepede#utaa porni
to #end #ent #ent#ended #ending a &se'
indoiincovoiainclinasupune
to #eset #eset #eset #esetting a aran%apunepotrivi#locacoplesi
to #id #id#ade #id#idden #idding a rugai$ploraporunciordonalicita
to #ind #ound #ound #inding a &se' legauniconsolidacaptusi
to #ite #it #it#itten #iting a $uscaciupiapucadefai$a
to #leed #led #led #leeding a stoarcesleisingera
to #lend #lent#lended #lent#lended #lending a &se' a$estecaco$#inaasorta
to #less #lessed#lest #lessed#lest #lessing a #inecuvintaslaviglorificaapara
to #lo! to #le! #lo!n #lo!ing a #atesuflaadiarasunaerupe
to #rea" #ro"e #ro"en #rea"ing a &se' rupespargefringe
to #reed #red #red #reeding a crestecultiva(raninutrieduca
to #ring #roug(t #roug(t #ringing a aduce$inai$pingedeter$ina
to #roadcast #roadcast #roadcast #roadcasting a difuzaraspinditrans$itese$ana
to #uild #uilt #uilt #uilding a construicladizidi
to #urn #urnt#urned #urnt #urning a ardecauteriza
to #urst #urst #urst #ursting a iz#ucniplesnicrapa
to #u) #oug(t #oug(t #u)ing a cu$paracorupe$itui
to cast cast cast casting a aruncaazvirlidistri#ui
to catc( caug(t caug(t catc(ing a &se' prindeapucafi*a
to c(ide c(id c(idc(idden c(iding a certa$ustrado%enicicali
to c(oose c(ose c(osen c(oosing a alegeselectapreferaa vrea
to cleave cleftclove cleftclove cleaving a &se' crapadespicadetasa
to cling clung clung clinging a se lipiagata dea se tine de
to clot(e clot(edclad clot(edclad clot(ing a &se' i$#racainves$intaacoperi
to co$e ca$e co$e co$ing a venisosia se apropiaa e*agera
to cost cost cost costing a costaface+ fi*a pretul
to creep crept crept creeping a &se' tirifurisa+ a fi plecatu$il
to cro! cro!edcre! cro!ed cro!ing a cinta cucurigua,si $anifesta
to cut cut cut cutting a taiaretezasectionadespicaciopli
to dare dareddurst dared daring a indraznicutezaa avea cura%ul
to deal dealt dealt dealing a i$partirepartizaa face co$ert cu
to dig dug dug digging a sapaa dezgropascor$onirascoli
to do did done doing a facesavirsie*ecutainfaptui
17
to dra! dre! dra!n dra!ing a trageintindere$orcaa trasa
to drea$ drea$ed drea$ed drea$ing a visaa,si inc(ipuicredegindi
to drea$ drea$t drea$t drea$ing a visaa,si inc(ipuicredegindi
to drin" dran" drun" drin"ing a #easor#ia suge
to drive drove driven driving a conduce $asinaa circula
to d!ell d!elt d!elt d!elling a locuitraido$iciliasalasui
to eat ate eaten eating a $incaa luaservi $asa(rani cu
to fall fell fallen falling a cadeapicaa se pra#usi
to feed fed fed feeding a &se' (rania ali$entanutri
to feel felt felt feeling a si$tiresi$tipercepea pipai
to fig(t foug(t foug(t fig(ting a &se' lupta#atea disputa
to find found found finding a gasiintilnia vedeaa da de
to flee fled fled fleeing a fugia se refugia dina parasi
to fl) fle! flo!n fl)ing a z#uraa trece in z#or
to for#ear for#ore for#orne for#earing a se a#tine de laa se feri dea evita
to for#id for#ade for#idden for#idding a interzicea nu ingaduiper$ite
to forecast forecast&ed' forecast&ed' forecasting a prevedeaa calcula dinainte
to forego fore!ent foregone foregoing a anticipaa preceda
to for"no! fore"ne! fore"no!n fore"no!ing a cunoastesti dinaintea prevedea
to foresee foresa! foreseen foreseeing a prevedea
to foretell foretold foretold foretelling a preziceprevestiprooroci
to forget forgot forgotten forgetting a uitanegli%anesocotio$ite
to forgive forgave forgiven forgiving a ierta
to forsa"e forsoo" forsa"en forsa"ing a parasia#andonaa renunta la
to fors!ear fors!ore fors!orn fors!earing a %ura falsa depune $arturie falsa
to freeze froze frozen freezing a ing(etadegeracongela
to gainsa) gainsaid gainsaid gainsa)ing a contrazicecontestanegatagadui
to get gotgotten gotgotten getting a capatao#tineprocurafacedo#indi
to gird girtgirded girtgirded girding a incingeincon%ura
to give gave given giving a dadaruioferia face cadou
to go !ent gone going a $ergeplecadeplasaduceu$#la
to grave graved gravedgraven graving a gravasculptacioplisapa
to grind ground ground grinding a $acinarasnipisaslefuipoliza
to gro! gre! gro!n gro!ing a crestesporidezvolta$aturiza
to (ang (ung(anged (ung(anged (anging a &se' spinzuraagataatirnafi*a
to (ave (ad (ad (aving a aveaposedaa suferi dea #ea
to (ear (eard (eard (earing a auziaudiaasculta
to (ide (id (id(idden (idding a &se' ascundepitidositainui
to (it (it (it (itting a lovini$eri#ateiz#iatinge
to (old (eld (eld (olding a tinepastradetine$entine
to (urt (urt (urt (urting a ranilezadaunastricalovia durea
to inla) inlaid inlaid inla)ing a intercalaintroduceinsera
to "eep "ept "ept "eeping a pastrarespectatine sea$a de
18
to "neel "nelt"neeled "nelt"neeled "neeling a ingenunc(eaa aseza in genunc(i
to "nit "nit"nitted "nit"nitted "nitting a crosetatricotai$pletideose#i
to "no! "ne! "no!n "no!ing a stia cunoaste
to lade laded ladenladed lading a incarcai$#arca
to la) laid laid la)ing a puneasezaintindedepunee*pune
to lead led led leading a duceconduceg(idaco$anda
to lean leantleaned leantleaned leaning a se reze$aspri%inia se aplica
to leap leaptleaped leaptleaped leaping a sarisaltaface salturi
to learn learntlearned learntlearned learning a invataaflastudiaa se instrui
to leave left left leaving a lasaa#andonaparasipleca din
to lend lent lent lending a da i$pru$uta se preta la
to let let let letting a lasaingaduiper$itea inc(iria
to lie la) lain l)ing a sta intinsculcata zaceaa e*ista
to lig(t lig(tedlit lig(tedlit lig(ting a aprinde &foc'a lu$ina a poposi
to lose lost lost losing a pierde
to $a"e $ade $ade $a"ing a fa#ricafaceconfectionaconstrui
to $ean $eant $eant $eaning a inse$naa vrea sa spunaa crede
to $eet $et $et $eeting a &se' intilniinti$pinai$preuna
to $el $elted $elted$olten$elting a se topidizolvalic(efiainduiosa
to $isgive $isgave $isgiven $isgiving a presi$ti ceva raua inspira frica
to $isla) $islaid $islaid $isla)ing a pierderataci &un o#iect'
to $islead $isled $isled $isleading a conduceindru$a gresit
to $ista"e $istoo" $ista"en $ista"ing a intelege gresit
to $isunderstand $isunderstood $isunderstood $isunderstanding a intelegeinterpreta gresit
cuvintele
to $o! $o!ed $o!ed$o!n $o!ing a cosiseceratunde
to outride outrode outridden outriding a intrecedepasi pe cineva calare
to outrun outran outrun outrunning depasi pe cineva in fuga
to overcast overcast overcast overcasting a intunecasurfilainc(ide
to overco$e overca$e overco$e overco$ing a invinge#iruicoplesido#oriinfringe
to overdo overdid overdone overdoing a e*ageraintrece $asura
to overeat overate overeaten overeating a $inca prea $ulta se g(iftui
to overfeed overfed overfed overfeeding a supraali$enta
to overlie overla) overlain overl)ing a se intinde peste
to overrun overran overrun overrunning a se revarsaa depasi li$itele
to oversee oversa! overseen overseeing a supraveg(eacontrola
to overset overset overset oversetting a rasturna ordineaa zadarnici
to oversleep overslept overslept oversleeping a dor$i prea $ulta se scula tirziu
to overta"e overtoo" overta"en overta"ing a depasi un autove(icul
to overt(ro! overt(re! overt(ro!n overt(ro!ing a rasturnado#oriinfringeinvinge
to parta"e partoo" parta"en parta"ing a profitauza dea lua parte la ceva
to pa) paid paid pa)ing a platiac(itaa prezenta avanta%
to put put put putting a asezapunesupune
to read read read reading a citiinterpretastudiaa se pregati
19
to rend rent rent rending a &se' rupesfisiadespicacrapa
to repa) repaid repaid repa)ing a rasplatireco$pensa
to reset reset reset resetting a resta#ilirepunepotrivi ceasul
to retell retold retold retelling a spunepovesti din nourepeta
to rid ridridden ridridden ridding a se descotoroside#arasaeli#era de
to ride rode ridden riding a calari &calul'do$inastapini
to ring rang rung ringing a sunarasunaanuntase$nala
to rise rose risen rising a se ridicainaltasculaa se agita
to rive rived rivenrived riving a crapaspintecadespicarupe
to run ran run running a fugialergaconducead$inistra
to sa! sa!ed sa!nsa!ed sa!ing a taia cu ferastraul
to sa) said said sa)ing a zicespunegraiafir$a$entiona
to see sa! seen seeing a vedeaintelegere$arcao#serva
to see" soug(t soug(t see"ing a cautacercetae*plorasolicita
to sell sold sold selling a vindedesface $arfuria pacali
to send sent sent sending a e*pediatri$itetrans$itelansa
to set set set setting a puneasezainstalaculege
to se! se!ed se!nse!en se!ing a coaselucra cu acul
to s(a"e s(oo" s(a"en s(a"ing a scuturazguduiagita
to s(ear s(eareds(ore s(orns(eared s(earing a tundedespuiapagu#i
to s(ed s(ed s(ed s(edding a varsa &lacri$i'pierdelepada
to s(ine s(one s(one s(ining a straluciluciiz#indi
to s(oe s(od s(od s(oeing a incaltapingelipotcovitalpui
to s(oot s(ot s(ot s(ooting a trage &in'i$puscavinarevarsa
to s(o! s(o!ed s(o!ns(o!ed s(o!ing a arataindicade$onstradovediivi
to s(rin" s(ran" s(run"s(run"en s(rin"ing a se scurta$icsorastri$#a
to s(ut s(ut s(ut s(utting a &se' inc(ide
to sing sang sung singing a cintasuiera
to sin" san" sun" sin"ing a se scufundascadeaa$ortiza
to sit sat sat sitting a sedeasta %ospoza ca $odel
to sla) sle! slain sla)ing a o$oriasasinaucide$asacra
to sleep slept slept sleeping a dor$ia ador$i
to slide slid slidsliden sliding a alunecaa se da pe g(eata
to slit slit slit slitting a crapaspintecadespicarupe
to s$ell s$elt s$elt s$elling a $irosiadul$eca
to so! so!ed so!nso!ed so!ing a se$anainsa$inta
to spea" spo"e spo"en spea"ing a vor#igrairosti
to speed spedspeeded spedspeeded speeding a acceleragoni$erge cu viteza
to spell speltspelled speltspeld spelling a ortografiaa rosti un cuvint
to spend spent spent spending a c(eltuiconsu$aepuiza
to spill spiltspilled spiltspilled spilling a &se' revarsavarsai$prastia
to spin spunspan spun spinning a toarcefilarasuciinvirtiroti
to spit spatspit spatspit spitting a scuipae*pectorapoua $arunt
to split split split spiting a &se' scindadesco$punediviza
20
to spoil spoiltspoiled spoiltspoiled spoiling a
stricadeterioraalterarasfata%efui
to spread spread spread spreading a intindedesfasuradesfacelungi
to spring sprang sprung springing a saritisniincoltirasariizvorie*ploda
to stand stood stood standing a sta in picioarea se tine drept
to steal stole stolen stealing a furasterpelia$agiseducecuceri
to stic" stuc" stuc" stic"ing a infigeintepaintroduceadera
to sting stung stung stinging a
i$pungeinteparaniinselaa$agi
to stin" stan"stun" stun" stin"ing a $irosi urita putia du(ni
to stri"e struc" struc"stric"en stri"ing a &se' loviiz#iciocni#ate
to string strung strung stringing a lega cu sfoaraintinde coarda
to strive strove striven striving a se straduiluptaz#atea tindenazui
to s!ear s!ore s!orn s!earing a %uradepune %ura$intulin%ura
to s!eep s!ept s!ept s!eeping a $aturasterge praful
to s!ell s!elled s!ollen s!elling a u$fla$ari#o$#a
s!elled
to s!i$ s!a$ s!u$ s!i$$ing a inotaplutitrece inotinunda
to s!ing s!ung s!ung s!inging a se legana#alansarotiinvirtioscila
to ta"e too" ta"en ta"ing a luai$pru$utapune $ina
to teac( taug(t taug(t teac(ing a invata pe cinevainstruipreda
to tear tore torn tearing a rupesfisiadistruges$ulge
to tell told told telling a spunepovestie*pri$aarataindica
to t(in" t(oug(t t(oug(t t(in"ing a &se' gindicredei$aginainc(ipui
to t(ro! t(re! t(ro!n t(ro!ing a &se' aruncalansaazvirlilepadafata
to t(rust t(rust t(rust t(rusting a i$plintaviriindesa
to tread trod troddentrod treading a calcapasicalca pe
to un#end un#ent un#ent un#ending a &se' intindedestinderela*a
to un#ind un#ound un#ound un#inding a dezlegadesfacedesprindeslo#ozi
to undergo under!ent undergone undergoing a suferiindurasuportatrece prin
to undersell undersold undersold underselling a vinde $ai ieftinvinde su# pretul de
to understand understood understood understanding a intelegepricepesesiza
to underta"e undertoo" underta"en underta"ing a intreprindelua asupra saasu$a
to undo undid undone undoing a anuladesfiintadesfacedistruge
to upset upset upset upsetting a &se' rasturnadezorganizaafecta
to !a"e !o"e!o"ed !a"ed!o"en !a"ing a &se' trezidesteptapriveg(eastirni
to !ear !ore !orn !earing a purtaa fi i$#racat cua se uza
to !eave !ove !oven!ove !eaving a tesei$pletia se a$esteca#aga in
to !ed !edded !edded!ed !edding a &se' casatoridalua in casatorie
to !eep !ept !ept !eeping a plingevarsa lacri$i
to !in !on !on !inning a cistigao#tinereusia a%unge la
to !ind !ound !ound !inding a serpuirasuciinfasurainveli
to !it(dra! !it(dre! !it(dra!n !it(dra!ing a retrageretractalua inapoirenunta
to !it((old !it((eld !it((eld !it((olding a opriretine de lainterzice ceva
21
to !it(stand !it(stood !it(stood !it(standing a se i$potriviopune laa rezista
to !rite !rote !ritten !riting a scriea redacta
22