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C2 Quadratic
C2 Quadratic
1 QUADRATIC EXPRESSION
Try this
Determine whether the following are quadratic expression. Give your reasons
No Question Yes / No Reasons
1 2x² + 3y - 5
2 x² - 9
3 4 + 12v - v²
4 5s² – 3s – 6
5 3y² - xy
Example 1
The following diagram shows a right angled triangle PQR, with PR = (2x - 1) cm and
PQ = (x + 5) cm
(2x – 1) cm (x + 5) cm
P Q
Solution
Factorise completely
Common factor answer
c) 3x² + 6
d) 3x² – 3x
e) 2x² - 16
f) 5x² + 10x
g) 5x – 2x²
h) 2x² + 3x
* Perfect squares are number which are the squares of whole numbers
1² = 1x1= 1
2² = 2x2= 4
3² = 3x3= 9 perfect squares
4² = 4x4= 16
5² = 5x5= 25
a) p² - 4 b) 4m² - 1 c) x² - 16
p² = p x p 4 =2x2
4 =2x2 m² = m x m
1 =1x1
perfect squares perfect squares
= (a + b)(a – b) = (2m + 1)(2m – 1)
= ( p + 4)(p – 4)
1. To factor a quadratic in form ax² + bx + c, we have to handle all the three coefficients.
In this case:
i. firstly identify values of a, b and c
ii. and than need to multiply "a" and "c" and find factors of the product "ac" that add
up to "b"
iii. factor out from the “box”
Example 1
2x² -5x – 3
i. a = 2, b = -5, and c = -3
ii. ac = (2)(-3) = -6
find factor of -10 that add up to -5
The pair of factor for -10 are -1 x 6 or 1 x -6
-2 x 3 or 2 x -3
Since –6 is negative, we need one factor to be positive and one to be negative (positive times
negative is negative).
c +x -3
x -3
2x 2x² -6x
1 +x -3
Therefore = (x – 3)(2x + 1)
i. a =? b =? c =? a=2 b = -5 c = -3
Example 2
3x² + 10x – 8
i. a =? b =? c =? a=3 b = 10 c = -8
3x -2
iii. “box”
(draw a two by two grid)
factor out from the “box” (HCF) x
Try this
a) 2x² + 9x + 4 b) 2x² + 2x - 12
ii. a x c = ii. a x c =
iii. iii.
i. a = b= c= i. a = b= c=
ii. a x c = ii. a x c =
iii. iii.
Example
a) x² – 3 = 0
b) 2x² + 3 = 3x
c) 5x² – 2x + 7
Solution
a) x ² – 3 = 0 ( a quadratic equation)
( a quadratic equation)
There is NO equal
sign
Try This
Determine whether the following are quadratic equation. Give your reasons
No Question Yes / No Reasons
Example
3
a) x(3x – 2) = 5 b) 2 −t =t
Solution
3
b) 2 −t =t
a) x(3x – 2) = 5
i. Cross-multiply 3 = t(2 – t)
i. Expand x(3x – 2) = 5
3x² – 2x = 5 ii. Expand 3 = 2t - t²
ii. bring the term of 7 to the left-hand side iii. bring all terms to the left-hand side
3x² – 2x – 5 = 0
t² - 2t + 3 = 0
Try this :
c) 9 = -3x(2x – 1) 4 t
d) =
2 −t 2 −t 2
2 z 5 2t
g) + =5 h) = 2
z 3 s +3 t +1
Determine whether the value of x given is a root of the following quadratic equations
a) 2x² – 5x – 3 = 0, x = 3 b) 3x² – 2x – 8 = 0, x = 2
Solution
Substitute x = 3 into the equation
2(3)² – 5(3) – 3 = 0
2(9) – 15 – 3 = 0
18 – 18 = 0
0=0
right-hand side = left-hand side
therefore, x = 3 is a root
c) -x² + 3x + 1 = 0, x = 3 d) 5x² + 8x – 3 = 0, x = -2
e) 3x² + x + 3 = 0, x = -2 f) -2x² – 7x + 4 = 0, x = -4
1. We can use two methods to determine the solution for a quadratic equation
i. Trial and error method
Example
Solve each of the following equations using factorization method
a) x² = 36 + 5x
1. write in general form x² – 5x – 36 = 0
2. factorise the equation
i. a = 1, b = -5, and c = -36
ii. ac = (2)(-3) = -6
find factor of -36 that add up to -5
The pair of factor for -36 are -1 x 36 or 1 x -36
-2 x 18 or 2 x -18
-3 x 12 or 3 x -12
-4 x 9 or 4 x -9
Since –6 is negative, we need one factor to be positive and one to be negative (positive times
negative is negative).
(x + 4) (x – 9) = 0
ax²
x² -9x
+4x -36
find factor of “ac”
that add up to “b”
x -9
x x² -9x
4 +4x -36
(x – 9)(x + 4) = 0
x – 9 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x = 9 or x=-4
b) 2x² -5x – 3 = 0
i. a =? b =? c =? a=2 b = -5 c = -3
x = 3 or x = -1
c) 3x² + 10x – 8 = 0
3x -2
iii. “box”
(draw a two by two grid)
factor out from the “box” (HCF) x
Try this
a) 2x² + 9x + 4 b) 2x² + 2x - 12
i. a = b= c= i. a = b= c=
ii. a x c = ii. a x c =
iii. iii.
i. a = b= c= i. a = b= c=
iii. iii.