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PRAP-0008A
10/18/99
Protective Relays
Application of CFC Logic in Intelligent
Devices.
1 Abstract
Relays being the most intelligent devices within a substation are being
used for a large number of functions other than protection. Protective
relays are being used as PLCs. No not Power Line Carrier, but
Programmable Logic Controllers. Perhaps because of this confusion in
acronyms a better acronym would be CFC, or Continuous Function
Chart. CFCs have been used very successfully in the industrial market
and luckily there is a world wide standard on how the charts are
created. This standard is the IEC1131 standard for PLCs.
With a multiprocessing platform a protective device can do both its
protection functions as well as giving the user flexibility to create an
unlimited number of users defined functions. Combine this CFC
flexibility with the increasing RTU functions of protective relays today
and the user has the ability to reduce costs by removing control handles
and create a safer substation.
This paper is intended to show the user how to realize some common
feeder functions used by just about every utility in the United States.
The realization of these functions will reduce cost and create a safer
substation.
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2 Different CFC Functions
This paper will deal with 4 major control handle related items used on a per-feeder
basis. The following functions will be examined and implemented in a Siemens 7SJ63
relay. The functions will vary from one utility to the next due to different philosophies
between utilities.
- Recloser On/Off
- Ground On/Off
- Hot Line Tag Applied/Normal
- Trip/Close
As you can see if all of these were to be preformed from the faceplate of the protective
device utilizing CFCs the cost savings would be enormous.
The SIPROTEC 4 7SJ63 relay offers 4 user definable function keys and a
Trip/Close button on the front of the relay. Along with these function keys the
relay also offers a graphical display for displaying metering values, breaker
status, and the 3 other functions mention above.
3 Functionality Abstract
The functions will be defined first to eliminate any confusion on how they are
being implemented in this paper. Also the reader should understand that the
functions could be implement in any form that they desire. Different interlocking
of functions can be realized by the flexibility of the device.
3.1 Recloser On/Off (Enable/Disable) Functions
The first function that will be examined is recloser On/Off. This function in a
nutshell allows the user to turn the recloser functionality of the relay On or Off. A
single function key will be utilized for this function. It will act to toggle between
the On and Off functions. Also the status of this function will be displayed on the
front of the relay by means of the programmable LED indicators and also on the
graphical display.
3.2 Ground On/Off Functions
This function is identical to the Recloser On/Off function except that the relay will
block the 50N/51N functions. Some user only block the 50N this can be
accomplished with the same CFC but blocking just the 50N element.
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3.3 Hot Line Tag Applied/Normal Function
The functionality of this particular function varies from one utility to another. Below are
listed the steps that will be implemented for the purpose of this paper.
Upon the application of the Hot Line Tag the relay will do the following:
1. Turn off the recloser.
2. Not allow the user to turn the recloser ON while the tag is applied.
3. Do not allow the user to close the breaker locally or remotely.
4. Change to a different group that has more sensitive settings.
3.4 Trip/Close Functions
This function is universal, Trip and Close the breaker when the particular button is
selected on the front of the relay.
4 Configuration Notes
The CFC implementations require the user to configure points from one part of the relay
system to another. What this means is that the protective function elements like block
50N/51N or the recloser functions On/Off must be mapped to other functions such as the
CFC, Front Display, or the event log. This has two purposes. One is to eliminate
unwanted data from the selection list for each function like the CFC or the display, and
second is to avoid sending information that does not need to be sent between functions.
This is done in what is called the configuration matrix.
4.1 Configuration Matrix
In the 7SJ6X series relays the device gives the user the ability to send information from
one function to another. This configuration is done in the Configuration Matrix. A
sample of this page is shown below in Figure 4.1. Figure 4.1 shows the basic layout of
the configuration matrix. On the far-left column the different function groups are defined.
Within each function group the different tags are defined. In the example the
50/51Overcurrent function has been expanded to show the different tags in that group.
On the top row there is a source location that the tags can be mapped to and a
destination location. The sources that can be configured are from hard wired binary
inputs , function keys on the front of the relay, and from the CFC. Destinations include
hardwired binary outputs, LED on the front of the relay, event buffers, system interface
on the rear of the relay, the CFC, the display on the front of the relay, and to the
command menu within the relay.
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Figure 4.1 Configuration Matrix
Configuration is simple. On the left is the function and in each column is a source or a
destination. Simple click the intersection of the function tag and the appropriate source
or destination. For example, if we wanted to block the 50/51 function with binary input 1,
click the intersection of the binary input 1 and the 50/51 BLK, see Figure 4.2. so for any
function listed the user can easily send information to any part of the relay.
Source Destination
Group
s
Tags
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Figure 4.2 Configuration Matrix 50/51 Block example.
5 Function Implementations
5.1 Recloser
Items to be configured into the configuration matrix are as follows:
1. >79 ON -- Turn Reclose On. (Mapped as Source into CM)
2. >79 OFF Turn Recloser OFF. (Mapped as Source into CM)
3. 79 ON Recloser Status. (Mapped as Destination into CM)
4. F2_Key F2 Key pressed. (Mapped as Destination into CM)
The > on Any tag indicates a command to be sent to the function. All others are status.
When the Function key is depressed it is of very short duration when seen by the > 79
ON and >79 OFF functions. So it will be necessary to capture this pulse and make it
longer. Using the function key to trigger a timer that will hold the pulse to the recloser
functions longer will accomplish this. The ladder logic will be as shown in figure 5.1.
Blocks 50/51 Function when Binary
input 1 is High (Voltage applied).
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Figure 5.1 Recloser CFC
Shown above is how to use a function key to toggle the recloser On or Off. The function
receives the Function key pulse which is AND with the status. If the status is the
opposite of the function to be performed then the pulse is sent through to the timer which
holds the pulse long enough for the recloser element to read it.
5.2 Ground On/Off
Items to be configured into the configuration matrix are as follows:
1. >BLK 50/51N -- Blocks the 50N/51N Elements. (Mapped as Source into CM)
2. F4_Key F4 Key pressed. (Mapped as Destination into CM)
The > on Any tag indicates a command to be sent to the function. All others are status.
So what need to be accomplished here is to block the ground overcurrent elements.
This is done by asserting a logic one 1 to the >BLK 50N/51N element. The actual
ladder logic is shown in figure 5.2 below.
Timer for 79
OFF Function
Check if Status of 79 is On.
Send F2 Key to Timer if it is
Check to see if 79 is Off.
Send Command to timer if
it is.
Timer for 79 On
Command.
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Figure 5.2 Ground On/Off
Figure 5.2 shows how this function is realized. The Function key is fed into the clock
input of a d flip-flop. The input of the flip-flop is fed from a negate function block that
inverts the status of the output of the D flip-flop. The output is then tied to the protection
function by the >BLK 50N/51N tag. So when function key 4 is depressed the tag of the
BLK 50N/51N is toggled.
5.3 Hot Line Tag Enable/Disable
Items to be configured into the configuration matrix are as follows:
1. >Set Group bit 1 -- Changes the group settings from Group A to Group B.
(Mapped as Source into CM)
2. F2_Key F2 Key pressed. (Mapped as Destination into CM)
3. HotLineTag Nothing more than a status tag to be mapped to a LED. (Mapped as
Destination into CM)
The > on Any tag indicates a command to be sent to the function. All others are status.
A D-Flip Flop is used to latch
the opposite state of the of
the status of the 50N51N
Block is
This block negates the status of the
output of the flip-flop into the input of
the flip-flop so the toggling of the
function is realized.
The function key clocks the
opposite status into the
output of the flip-flop.
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There are several goals to this particular fuction. If review the following must be
accomplished:
1. Turn off the recloser.
2. Not allow the user to turn the recloser ON while the tag is applied.
3. Do not allow the user to close the breaker locally or remotely.
4. Change to a different group that has more sensitive settings.
The ladder logic for the funtion is identical to that of the Ground On/Off function in
section 5.2 but the status of this function will be feed into the recloser function, group
change tag, and the block breaker control. Figure 5.3 shows the ladder logic. Again it
uses the same D flip-flop logic as the Ground On/Off function in section 5.2.
Figure 5.3 Hot Line Tag function
The HotLineTag tag status is used within the relay to block the closing of the breaker
while the tag is applied. This is done in special place in the relay designed for this
purpose. Figure 5.4 shows this unique option of the SiProtec version 4 relays.
Change
to Group
B settings
Hot Line Tag status. For use
for LED status and block
breaker control
Sent to recloser function to
block user from turning
recloser on while Hot Line
Tag is enabled
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Figure 5.4 Blocking Controls for Hot Line Tag
This unique configuration option allows the user to block control on either the Open
command or the close command. In the case shown in figure 5.4, only the close
command will be blocked. The open command can be issued freely.
The reclosing CFC will need to be reevaluated to turn the recloser Off when the tag is
applied and also to block the recloser On function when the tag is applied. Figure 5.5
shows the revised recloser function.
Interlocking Option. The Hot
Line Tag is place here to block
commands from SCADA and
local controls.
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Figure 5.5 Recloser function revised.
To block the recloser if the Hot line tag is applied an extra gate was added to the AND
gate. This extra gate was attached to the opposite status of the Hot Line Tag. So if the
Tag was applied the value into the and gate would be a zero 0 and would not allow any
pulses pass into the timer block. Therefor not allowing the recloser to turn on.
The OR gate was added to the Off function to allow the hot Line tag function F2_key to
turn the reloser Off. So if the F2 key is pressed and the recloser is ON this would mean
the hot line tag was just applied and would turn off the recloser.
5.4 Breaker Open/Close
The 7SJ63 relay has an intergrated Open and Close button on the front on the relay.
Figure 5.6 shows this.
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Figure 5.6 7SJ63 Relay
The graphic display can be utilized to create any type of graphics or text as shown
above. The Trip and Close function only need to be mapped to a point on the graphic
screen to be realized. Figure 5.7 shows how easy this is to do.
Trip/Close
On/Off
Buttons
Programmable
Function Keys
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Figure 5.7 Configuring the Open/Close
With a simple click of a button the point that is displayed on the screen is now
controllable by the user via the front trip and close buttons. Figure 5.8 shows breaker
points are mapped to the above object.
Status Overview.
Different states of
the breaker
Select this for the point to be
controlled by the buttons on
the front of the relay.
A and B
contacts are
utilized to
display status
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Figure 5.8 Tag configuration
Simple select the controllable point from a list and bolth the status for the breaker and
the associated controls are mapped. The object only has controls if the checkmark in
figure 5.7 is selected.
6 Conclusion
The above application of the 7SJ63 relay gives the user the ability to save money on
switching hardware, wiring, and testing of each feeder. The device takes the place of
several expensive switches. Trip/Close switch, Reclose On/Off, Ground On/Off, Hot
Line Tag On/Off, and even a function built onto the front of the relay Local/Remote. All
these switches can add up to thousands of dollars depending on the switches used.
Wiring is another realized savings. All of the functions above are done within the relay.
So other than wiring the CTs, PTs, Breaker status, and LAN to the RTU your done.
Testing is done with one unit and the ladder logic is copied to each unit and just the
protection settings are changed. This allows the user with total confidence, to download
the settings and start operating the unit. Most utilities would test each feeder and the
savings would then be realized in not chasing down wiring problems.
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In conclusion, the 7SJ63 is a powerful Relay, RTU, PLC, SOE recorder, Fault Recorder
and controller unit that can do pretty much anything the user imagines.