mg401 2

Chapter 7
Multiple Choice Questions

31.
(p. 200)
The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations
about the authority's actions and intentions is called _____.

A. trust

B. morality

C. consensus

D. justice

E. proximity
Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive
expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions. Trust reflects the
willingness to take that risk.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-01 What is trust; and how does it relate to justice and ethics?
Topic: Trust, Justice, and Ethics

32.
(p. 201)
Which of the following reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision
making?

A. Ethics

B. Justice

C. Morality

D. Corporate social responsibility

E. Trust
Justice reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making. When
employees perceive high levels of justice, they believe that decision outcomes are
fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair
manner.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium

33.
(p. 201)
When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision
outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and
implemented in a fair manner.

A. risk

B. profit-centered motives

C. social responsibility

D. justice

E. economic exchange
Justice reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making. When
employees perceive high levels of justice, they believe that decision outcomes are
fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair
manner.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

34.
(p. 201)
_____ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance
with generally accepted moral norms.

A. Ethics

B. Justice

C. Competence

D. Trust

E. Morality
Ethics reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in
accordance with generally accepted moral norms. When employees perceive high
levels of ethics, they believe that things are being done the way they "should be"
or "ought to be" done.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

35.
(p. 201)
Which of the following statements is true with regard to trust, justice, and ethics?

A. Justice reflects the actual degree of fairness of an authority's decision making.

B. Reputation of a company is independent of how trustworthy and ethical its
practices are.

C. Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on two factors:
justice and ethics.

D. Ethics reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in
accordance with generally mandated legal requirements; morals and norms
are not a part of ethics.

E. Relationships based on trust are completely free from risks and uncertainties.
Trust in authorities depends on two related concepts: justice and ethics.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

36.
(p. 202)
When trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness, it
is called:

A. disposition-based trust.

B. affect-based trust.

C. cognition-based trust.

D. power-based trust.

E. feeling-based trust.
When trust is disposition-based, it means that your personality traits include a
general propensity to trust others. When trust is cognition-based, it means that it
is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness. When trust is
affect-based, it means that it depends on feelings toward the authority that go
beyond any rational assessment.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-02 In what three sources can trust be rooted?
Topic: Why Are Some Authorities More Trusted Than Others?

37.
(p. 203)
_____ refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of
individuals and groups can be relied upon.

A. Trust propensity

B. Moral judgment

C. Moral awareness

D. Moral intensity

E. Propriety
Trust propensity refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and
statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon. The importance of trust
propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance
of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

38.
(p. 203)
It is argued that _____ represents a sort of "faith in human nature."

A. cognition-based trust

B. trust propensity

C. competence

D. ability

E. rational assessment
Some have argued that trust propensity represents a sort of "faith in human
nature," in that trusting people view others in more favorable terms than do
suspicious people. The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in
interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount
to "blind trust."

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

39.
(p. 203)
Ron recently moved into a flat in the Oak Wood apartments. As Ron is at work all
day, he has requested his neighbor to collect his mails. He receives confidential
letters and documents regarding work and his estate. When the mails are given to
him, Ron believes that he is the first one to open them. Ron has a high degree of
_____.

A. power-based trust

B. informational justice

C. cognition-based trust

D. moral awareness

E. trust propensity
Some trustors are high in trust propensity a general expectation that the words,
promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon. Some
have argued that trust propensity represents a sort of "faith in human nature," in
that trusting people view others in more favorable terms than do suspicious
people. Ron clearly has a degree of high trust propensity.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Blooms: Apply

40.
(p. 203)
Which of the following is true with regard to trust propensity?

A. The importance of trust propensity is seen interactions with family and friends.

B. Trust propensity is most likely to be seen in people who display cognition-
based trust.

C. Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.

D. Trust propensity refers to the use of track records and rational assessments in
making decisions.

E. Low trust propensity is ideal as it prevents us from trusting others who are not
trustworthy.
Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

41.
(p. 203)
Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company,
Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertisement campaign
for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task and
when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though
they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to
do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college,
reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up
with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders.

Which of the following is true with regard to Alex and Neil?

A. Alex and Neil had a high degree of trustworthiness to execute the job they
were given.

B. Alex and Neil had high degree of disposition-based trust.

C. Alex and Neil had used a rational assessment to arrive at the conclusion that
John would do a good job with their assignment.

D. Alex and Neil had a high degree of the abilities required for their job at present.

E. Alex and Neil share a mentor-protg relationship with John at present.
Disposition-based trust has less to do with a particular authority and more to do
with the trustor. Some trustors are high in trust propensity a general expectation
that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied
upon. Some have argued that trust propensity represents a sort of "faith in human
nature," in that trusting people view others in more favorable terms than do
suspicious people.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard

42.
(p. 205)
Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company,
Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertisement campaign
for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task and
when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though
they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to
do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college,
reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up
with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders.

John's success in creating a good campaign for the new product completely on
his own reflects his _____.

A. social consensus

B. ability

C. proximity

D. trust propensity

E. morality
Ability is defined as the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable
an authority to be successful in some specific area.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 07-03 What dimensions can be used to describe the trustworthiness of an authority?

43.
(p. 204)
The characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust are defined as his
_____.

A. moral intensity

B. trust propensity

C. propriety

D. trustworthiness

E. ability
Trustworthiness, defined as the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that
inspire trust.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

44.
(p. 205)
Cognition-based trust is driven by the:

A. authority's track record.

B. trustor's trust propensity.

C. trustor's intuitive feelings.

D. trustor's affect-based trust.

E. trustor's disposition.
Cognition-based trust is driven by the authority's "track record." If that track record
has shown the authority to be trustworthy, then vulnerability to the authority can
be accepted. If that track record is spotty, then trust may not be warranted.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

45.
(p. 205)
_____ is a dimension of trustworthiness, that is defined as the skills, abilities, and
the areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific
context.

A. Character

B. Benevolence

C. Personality

D. Ability

E. Affect
The first dimension of trustworthiness is ability, defined as the skills,
competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in
some specific area. The ability of business authorities may be considered on a
number of levels.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

46.
(p. 205)
Which of the following dimensions of trustworthiness is defined as the belief that
the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-
centered motives?

A. Affect

B. Competence

C. Benevolence

D. Trust propensity

E. Ability
One of the dimensions of trustworthiness is benevolence, defined as the belief
that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-
centered motives. When authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that
they care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a sense
of loyalty to them.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

47.
(p. 205)
When authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that:

A. they care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a
sense of loyalty to them.

B. they display hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical
contact.

C. they reward employees for exposing illegal or immoral actions by their
organization.

D. they lack a general expectation that the words and promises of employees can
be relied upon.

E. they hinder the employees ability to focus which reflects the degree to which
employees can devote their attention to work.
One of the dimensions of trustworthiness is benevolence, defined as the belief
that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-
centered motives. When authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that
they care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a sense
of loyalty to them.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

48.
(p. 205)
_____ defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and
principles that the trustor finds acceptable.

A. Abuse supervision

B. Competence

C. Ability

D. Integrity

E. Benevolence
One of the dimensions of trustworthiness is integrity, defined as the perception
that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds
acceptable.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

49.
(p. 205)
In the case of _____ trust, we rationally evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of
an authority along the dimensions of ability, integrity, and benevolence.

A. cognition-based

B. mentor-based

C. affect-based

D. emotion-based

E. disposition-based
Cognition-based trust is driven by the authority's "track record." If that track record
has shown the authority to be trustworthy, then vulnerability to the authority can
be accepted. If that track record is spotty however, then trust may not be
warranted. The track record of an authority can be gauged along three
dimensions: ability, benevolence, and integrity.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

50.
(p. 206)
In the case of _____ trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we
have for the authority.

A. cognition-based

B. mentor-based

C. affect-based

D. character-based

E. disposition-based
Affect-based trust is more emotional than rational. With affect-based trust, we
trust because we have feelings for the person in question; we really like them and
have a fondness for them. Those feelings are what prompt us to accept
vulnerability to another person. Put simply, we trust them because we like them.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

51.
(p. 206)
Affect-based trust is driven by the _____.

A. authority's track record

B. authority's strengths and weakness

C. trustor's disposition

D. trustor's feelings for the trustee

E. trustor's rational assessment of the trustee

Blooms: Remember

52.
(p. 206)
Which of the following is true with regard to affect-based trust?

A. Affect-based trust depends completely on the trustor's propensity to trust.

B. Affect-based trust is more rational than emotional.

C. Affect-based trust is independent of any features of the trustee.

D. Affect-based trust is rooted in reason and analysis.

E. Affect-based trust is seen the most commonly seen type of trust.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

53.
(p. 208)
_____ is defined as the dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of
decision-making outcomes.

A. Procedural justice

B. Interpersonal justice

C. Informational justice

D. Distributive justice

E. Restorative justice
Distributive justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes.
Employees gauge distributive justice by asking whether decision outcomes, such
as pay, rewards, evaluations, promotions, and work assignments, are allocated
using proper norms.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-04 What dimensions can be used to describe the fairness of an authority's decision making?

54.
(p. 208)
When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to
determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the
_____ type of justice

A. informational

B. procedural

C. distributive

D. interpersonal

E. retributive
using proper norms.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

55.
(p. 208)
Danny Locker recently put down his papers after his managers failed to give him
a pay rise that he felt would rightly compensate for his increasing work load.
Danny, who had faced this kind of pay discrimination in the company earlier,
finally decided to quit and has begun looking for another job. Danny's resentment
related to his pay reflects the specific lack of _____ in the company that he worked
for.

A. informational justice

B. distributive justice

C. retributive justice

D. procedural justice

E. interpersonal justice
using proper norms. Danny had always been concerned about how much he was
getting paid for the kind of work load he handled and his resentment shows that
his company lacks in the area of distributive justice.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard

56.
(p. 208)
The _____ norm is typically judged to be the fairest choice in situations in which
the goal is to maximize the productivity of individual employees.

A. equity

B. equality

C. need

D. standard

E. prescriptive
The equity norm is typically judged to be the fairest choice in situations in which
the goal is to maximize the productivity of individual employees.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

57.
(p. 208)
The managers at Pulse, an HR firm, have noticed that the employees are not
team players; they are focused on achieving individual goals and the
management seeks to change this attitude of its employees. The company wants
to create a reward system in which all group members would receive exactly the
same grade regardless of their individual productivity levels to promote their
ability to work effectively in groups. Which of the following allocation norms would
you recommend for this purpose?

A. Standard norm

B. Consensus norm

C. Equity norm

D. Equality norm

E. Propensity norm
An equality norm may be judged fairer, such that all team members receive the
same amount of relevant reward.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard

58.
(p. 208)
Which of the following is an allocation norm under which all group members
receive exactly the same grade on a project regardless of their individual
productivity levels?

A. Propensity norm

B. Need norm

C. Equity norm

D. Reciprocity norm

E. Equality norm
In cases where team-based work is required, an equality norm may be judged
fairer, such that all team members receive the same amount of relevant rewards.
The equality norm is typically used in student project groups, in which all group
members receive exactly the same grade on a project, regardless of their
individual productivity levels.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

59.
(p. 208)
When organizations protect new employees from committee assignments and
other extra activities, so that they can get their careers off to a productive start,
they are using the _____ type of allocation norms.

A. propensity norm

B. need norm

C. reciprocity norm

D. equity norm

E. equality norm
In cases in which the welfare of a particular employee is the critical concern, a
need norm may be judged fairer. For example, some organizations protect new
employees from committee assignments and other extra activities, so that they
can get their careers off to a productive start.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

60.
(p. 208)
Leo Motors has an HR policy that does not allow its newly hired employees to
work on committee projects or get involved in the union meetings. This is done to
ensure that the new employees can concentrate on their work and do not get
distracted with other minor issues. Which of the following allocation norms has
Leo Motors adopted?

A. Standard norm

B. Equity norm

C. Reciprocity norm

D. Need norm

E. Equality norm
In cases in which the welfare of a particular employee is the critical concern, a
need norm may be judged fairer. For example, some organizations protect new
employees from committee assignments and other extra activities, so that they
can get their careers off to a productive start.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

61.
(p. 208)
Which of the following is a rule under the dimension of distributive justice?

A. Justification

B. Bias suppression

C. Equity

D. Respect

E. Voice
Equity is a type of distributive justice rule that focuses on whether rewards are
allocated according to the proper norms.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

62.
(p. 208)
_____ is defined as a dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of
decision-making processes.

A. Procedural justice

B. Interpersonal justice

C. Informational v


E. Utilitarian justice
Procedural justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes.
Procedural justice is fostered when authorities adhere to rules of fair process.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

63.
(p. 208-
209)
Safe Heaven Laboratories has a very liberal atmosphere where all employees are
welcome to participate in the decision making process. The company values the
feedback and suggestions given by the employees who in turn are pleased that
they are able to express their opinions freely. Which of the following dimensions
of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice?

A. Informational justice

B. Procedural justice

C. Distributive justice

D. Interpersonal justice

E. Retributive justice
Procedural justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes.
Procedural justice is fostered when authorities adhere to rules of fair process.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard

64.
(p. 209)
Which of the following is a procedural justice rule?

A. Voice

B. Justification

C. Equality

D. Respect

E. Propriety
Voice is a procedural justice rule. It involves giving employees a chance to
express their opinions and views during the course of decision making.
Refer To: Table 7-4

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

65.
(p. 210)
_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by
employees from authorities.

A. Procedural

B. Interpersonal

C. Informational

D. Distributive

E. Utilitarian
Interpersonal justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by
employees from authorities. Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities
adhere to two particular rules: the respect rule and the propriety rule.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

66.
(p. 210)
Which of the following is an interpersonal justice rule?

A. Truthfulness

B. Consistency

C. Equity

D. Accuracy

E. Propriety
Propriety is a form of interpersonal justice rule. The propriety rule reflects whether
authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

67.
(p. 210)
Bryan McPhelps, a first-line supervisor at Little Toys, regularly uses abusive and
derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. Many employees have also
heard Bryan refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their
ethnicity, names, or weaknesses. From the scenario, it can be concluded that
workers at Little Toys are suffering from _____.

A. distributive injustice

B. informational injustice

C. procedural injustice

D. interpersonal injustice

E. restorative injustice
employees from authorities. From this perspective, interpersonal injustice occurs
when authorities are rude or disrespectful to employees, or when they refer to
them with inappropriate labels.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard

68.
(p. 210)
Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

A. Voice and accuracy

B. Justification and truthfulness

C. Equity and equality

D. Consistency and accuracy

E. Respect and propriety
employees from authorities. Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities
adhere to two particular rules. The respect rule pertains to whether authorities
treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner, and the propriety rule reflects
whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

69.
(p. 210)
The _____ rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or
offensive remarks.

A. propriety

B. justification

C. truthfulness

D. accuracy

E. voice
The propriety rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or
offensive remarks. From this perspective, interpersonal injustice occurs when
authorities are rude or disrespectful to employees, or when they refer to them with
inappropriate labels.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

70.
(p. 210)
_____ is defined as the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal
behaviors, excluding physical contact.

A. Trust propensity

B. Bias suppression

C. Justification

D. Whistle-blowing

E. Abusive supervision
When taken to the extremes, interpersonally unjust actions create abusive
supervision, defined as the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal
behaviors, excluding physical contact.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

71.
(p. 211)
_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to
employees from the authorities.

A. Interpersonal

B. Informational

C. Procedural

D. Distributive

E. Redistributive
Informational justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications
provided to employees from authorities. Informational justice is fostered when
authorities adhere to two particular rules: the justification rule and the truthfulness
rule.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

72.
(p. 211)
Which of the following is an informational justice rule?

A. Truthfulness

B. Consistency

C. Equity

D. Bias suppression

E. Propriety
Truthfulness is a form of information justice rule. It requires that the
communications provided to employees from authorities is honest and candid.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

73.
(p. 211)
Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to the rules of:

A. voice and accuracy.

B. justification and truthfulness.

C. equity and equality.

D. consistency and accuracy.

E. respect and propriety.
Informational justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications
provided to employees from authorities. Informational justice is fostered when
authorities adhere to two particular rules. The justification rule mandates that
authorities explain decision making procedures and outcomes in a
comprehensive and reasonable manner, and the truthfulness rule requires that
those communications be honest and candid.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

74.
(p. 211)
The _____ rule requires that the decision-making procedures and outcomes that
the authorities explain to employees are honest and candid.

A. propriety

B. respect

C. consistency

D. equity

E. truthfulness
The truthfulness rule requires that communication from the authorities to the
employees be honest and candid.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy

75.
(p. 213)
Which of the following is an example of especially ethical behaviors?

A. Moral awareness

B. Economic exchange

C. Abuse supervision

D. Legal compliance

E. Whistle-blowing
Whistle-blowing occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or
immoral actions by their organization. Whistle blowing can be viewed as
especially ethical because whistle-blowers risk potential retaliation by other
members of the organization, especially when whistle-blowers lack status and
power.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

76.
(p. 213)
_____ is defined as the process by which employees expose illegal or immoral
actions by their employer.

A. Social exchange

B. Whistle-blowing

C. Abuse supervision


E. Economic exchange
Whistle-blowing occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or
immoral actions by their organization. Whistle blowing can be viewed as
especially ethical because whistle-blowers risk potential retaliation by other
members of the organization, especially when whistle-blowers lack status and
power.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

77.
(p. 213)
Paul McEnroe became a household name after he reported the rampant use of
sweatshop labor by a famous clothes and accessories company that he worked
for. Following his allegations, the company had to pay several million dollars as
penalty along with funding rehabilitation programs for the same group of laborers
it was exploiting a few months back. This scenario reflects McEnroe's act of
_____.

A. preconventional moral reasoning

B. whistle blowing

C. bias suppression

D. trust propensity

E. abusive supervision
Whistle-blowing, occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or
immoral actions of the colleagues, superiors and the organization. Whistle-
blowing can be viewed as especially ethical because whistle-blowers risk
potential retaliation by other members of the organization, especially when
whistle-blowers lack status and power. Ironically, the company often winds up
benefitting from that risk taking, as whistle-blowing can bring significant
improvements to the ethical culture in an organization over the long term.

Blooms: Apply

78.
(p. 213)
The first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____.

A. moral intent

B. moral judgment

C. ethical behavior

D. moral awareness

E. moral identity
The first step needed to explain why an authority acts ethically is moral
awareness, which occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists
in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-05 What is the four-component model of ethical decision making?

79.
(p. 213)
The last step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____.

A. ethical behavior

B. moral awareness

C. moral identity

D. moral intent

E. trust propensity
The four-component model of ethical decision making argues that ethical
behaviors result from a multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness,
continuing on to moral judgment, then to moral intent, and ultimately to ethical
behavior.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

80.
(p. 213)
_____ is defined as the authority's act of recognizing that a moral issue exists in a
situation or that an ethical standard or principle is relevant to the circumstance.

A. Ethical behavior

B. Moral judgment

C. Moral intent

D. Trust propensity

E. Moral awareness
The first step needed to explain why an authority acts ethically is moral
awareness, which occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists
in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

81.
(p. 214)
_____ is defined as the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency.

A. Trust propensity

B. Abuse supervision

C. Moral identity

D. Moral intensity

E. Moral ability
Moral intensity captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency. Moral
intensity is driven by two general concerns, both of which have more specific
facets. First and foremost, a particular issue is high in moral intensity if the
potential for harm is perceived to be high. Second, a particular issue is high in
moral intensity if there is social pressure surrounding it.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

82.
(p. 214-
215)
Which of the following statements differentiates between moral intensity and
moral attentiveness?

A. Moral intensity is an exclusive function of employees, while moral
attentiveness must be maintained by all employees.

B. Moral intensity reflects the degree to which one perceives oneself as being a
moral person, while moral attentiveness reflects to the organization's
perception of the moral behavior of its employees.

C. Moral intensity captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency,
while moral attentiveness captures the degree to which people chronically
perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences.

D. Moral intensity is measured by its consequences and effect, while moral
attentiveness is measured by the previous ethical actions and behaviors.

E. Moral intensity is constant across people of different nations, while moral
attentiveness changes from one society to another.
Moral intensity captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency, while
moral attentiveness captures the degree to which people chronically perceive and
consider issues of morality during their experiences.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

83.
(p. 217)
The second step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is
_____.

A. ethical behavior

B. moral identity

C. moral intent

D. moral awareness

E. moral judgment
The second step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is moral
judgment, which reflects the process people use to determine whether a particular
course of action is ethical or unethical.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

84.
(p. 218)
Which of the following is a feature of moral development at the pre-conventional
stage?

A. Right versus wrong is referenced to the expectations of one's family and one's
society.

B. Concepts such as doing one's duty and maintaining the social order come to
be valued for their own sakes.

C. People come to emphasize the laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

D. Right versus wrong is referenced to a set of defined, established moral
principles.

E. Morality is practiced to avoid punishment regardless of any concern about
moral order.
According to Kohlberg, people begin their moral development at the
preconventional stage. At this stage, right versus wrong is viewed in terms of the
consequences of various actions for the individual. For example, children seek to
avoid punishment for its own sake, regardless of any concern about moral order.
Similarly, children obey adults for its own sake, regardless of the respect or
wisdom shown by those adults.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

85.
(p. 218)
Moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by:

A. an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

B. self-interest and a lack of loyalty, gratitude, or fairness.

C. a set of defined, established moral principles.

D. specific principles like utilitarianism and egoism.

E. the desire to obtain pleasure and avoid pain regardless of any concern about
moral order.
As people mature, their moral judgment reaches the conventional stage. At this
stage, right versus wrong is referenced to the expectations of one's family and
one's society and people come to emphasize the laws, rules, and orders that
govern society.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

86.
(p. 218)
At the postconventional stage of moral development, right versus wrong is
established on the basis of:

A. consequences of various actions for the individual himself.

B. expectations of one's family and one's society.

C. stereotypes about what is considered right.

D. laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

E. a set of defined, established moral principles.
The most sophisticated moral thinkers reach the principled (or postconventional)
stage. At this stage, right versus wrong is referenced to a set of defined,
established moral principles.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

87.
(p. 218)
An act is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest
number of people according to the principle of _____.

A. egoism

B. ethics of rights

C. ethics of duties

D. virtue of ethics

E. utilitarianism
An act is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest
number of peoplesometimes termed the "greatest happiness principle" under
the specific principle of utilitarianism.
Refer To: Table 7-5

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

88.
(p. 218)
Which of the following specific principles considers an act to be morally right if the
decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests?

A. egoism

B. ethics of rites

C. ethics of rights

D. ethics of duties

E. virtue of ethics
Under the specific principle of egoism, an act is morally right if the decision maker
freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests. Markets are
purported to limit the degree to which one egoist's interests harm the interests of
another.
Refer To: Table 7-5

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

89.
(p. 218)
According to the specific principle of _____, an act is considered to be morally
right if it allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like
wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience.

A. ethics of rights

B. ethics of duties

C. egoism

D. virtue of ethics

E. utilitarianism
According to the specific principle of virtue of ethics, an act is morally right if it
allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like wisdom,
honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience.
Refer To: Table 7-5

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

90.
(p. 219)
_____ is third step in the four-component model of ethical decision making which
reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action.

A. Moral attentiveness

B. Moral awareness

C. Moral intensity

D. Moral judgment

E. Moral intent
Moral intent reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of
action. The distinction among awareness, judgment, and intent is important,
because many unethical people know and understand that what they're doing is
wrongthey just choose to do it anyway.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Understand

91.
(p. 220)
_____ is defined as the degree to which a person sees himself as a "moral
person."

A. Moral judgment

B. Moral identity

C. Trust propensity

D. Moral awareness

E. Moral intensity
Moral identity is the degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

92.
(p. 221)
_____ is defined as the degree to which employees can devote their attention to
work, as opposed to perpetrating or being victimized by office politics.

A. Moral intensity

B. Ability to focus

C. Moral awareness

D. Moral judgment

E. Trust propensity
Ability to focus reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention
to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping
an eye on the boss." The ability to focus is clearly vital to task performance in
many jobs, particularly when job duties become more complex.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: 07-06 How does trust affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Trust?

93.
(p. 222)
Which of the following has been proven in research studying the impact of stress
on performance and commitment?

A. Trust has a strong positive effect on performance.

B. Trust has no effect on citizenship behavior.

C. Trust makes employees less likely to engage in counterproductive behaviors.

D. Trust has a strong positive relationship with continuance commitment.

E. Trust has a weak positive correlation with affective and normative commitment.
Trust has a moderate positive effect on performance. Employees who are willing
to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of task performance.
They are also more likely to engage in citizenship behavior and less likely to
engage in counterproductive behavior. Trust has a strong positive effect on
commitment. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to
have higher levels of affective commitment and higher levels of normative
commitment. Trust has no effect on continuance commitment.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard

94.
(p. 222)
Research has shown that trust does NOT share a positive correlation with _____.

A. job performance

B. affective commitment

C. normative commitment

D. continuance commitment

E. task performance
Trust has a moderate positive effect on performance. Employees who are willing
to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of task performance.
They are also more likely to engage in citizenship behavior and less likely to
engage in counterproductive behavior. Trust has a strong positive effect on
commitment. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to
have higher levels of affective commitment and higher levels of normative
commitment. However, trust has no effect on continuance commitment.
Refer To: Fig 7-8

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

95.
(p. 222)
Employees who do not trust their authorities have _____ relationships that are
based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations.

A. emotional

B. social exchange

C. affect-based trust

D. mutually committed

E. economic exchange
Employees who don't trust their authorities have economic exchange
relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations that are
specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

96.
(p. 222)
Which of the following is a feature of economic exchange relationships between
organizations and employees?

A. Explicit repayment schedule

B. Open-ended job demands

C. Affective and normative organizational commitment

D. Vaguely defined obligations

E. Mutual investment
Employees who don't trust their authorities have economic exchange
relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations that are
specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

97.
(p. 222)
As trust increases between employees and their authorities, _____ relationships
develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and
long-term in their repayment schedule.

A. cognition-based trust

B. social exchange

C. disposition-based trust

D. economic exchange

E. contractual
Social exchange relationships are based on vaguely defined obligations that are
open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule. Social exchanges are
characterized by mutual investment, such that employees agree to go above and
beyond their duties in exchange for fair and proper treatment by authorities.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

98.
(p. 222)
Which of the following is a feature of social exchange relationships between
organizations and employees?

A. Narrow definition of work demands

B. Explicit repayment schedule

C. Advance knowledge of occupational obligations

D. Impersonal and contractual

E. Mutual investment
Social exchange relationships are based on vaguely defined obligations that are
open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule. Social exchanges are
characterized by mutual investment, such that employees agree to go above and
beyond their duties in exchange for fair and proper treatment by authorities.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

99.
(p. 223)
_____ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business
encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of
society.

A. Corporate social responsibility

B. Social exchange theory

C. Rational choice and responsibility

D. Consequentialist egosim

E. Predicted outcome value theory
One strategy to make an organization more trustworthy is to focus the
organization's attention on corporate social responsibility, a perspective that
acknowledges that the responsibilities of a business encompass the economic,
legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 07-07 What steps can organizations take to become more trustworthy?
Topic: Application: Social Responsibility

100.
(p. 223)
Fulfilling the legal component of corporate social responsibility suggests that the
organization has reached the _____ of moral development.

A. pre-conventional level

B. principled level

C. post-conventional level

D. conventional level

E. pre-operational level
The legal component of corporate social responsibility argues that the law
represents society's codification of right and wrong and must therefore be
followed. Fulfilling this component speaks of the integrity of the organization and
suggests that it has reached the conventional level of moral development.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

101.
(p. 224)
While fulfilling the ethical component of corporate social responsibility, an
organization does what is right, just, and fair. This suggests that the organization
has reached the _____ of moral development.

A. pre-conventional level

B. principled level

C. pre-operational level

D. conventional level

E. post-conventional level
The ethical component of corporate social responsibility argues that organizations
have an obligation to do what is right, just, and fair and to avoid harm. Fulfilling
this component is relevant to the benevolence and integrity of the organization
and suggests that it has reached the principled level of moral development.

AACSB: Ethics
Blooms: Remember

102.
(p. 224)
Which of the following is a unique feature of the citizenship component of
corporate social responsibility?

A. It demands that organizations follow the prescribed ethical codes for their
business.

B. It proposes that law represents society's codification of right and wrong and
must therefore be followed.

C. It ensures legal compliance so that a company's reputation is protected against
allegations like violation of intellectual property rights or labor laws.

D. It argues that organizations should contribute resources to improve the quality
of life in the communities in which they work.

E. It represents the conventional level of moral development.
The citizenship component of corporate social responsibility argues that
organizations should contribute resources to improve the quality of life in the
communities in which they work.


31.
(p. 238)
Which of these reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge
or skill that result from experience?

A. Perception

B. Learning

C. Intuition

D. Consensus

E. Heuristic
Learning reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or
skill that result from experience. The more employees learn, the more they bring
to the table when they come to work.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 08-01 What is learning; and how does it affect decision making?
Topic: Learning and Decision Making

32.
(p. 238)
_____ refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives
to solve a problem.

A. Decision making

B. Learning

C. Intuition

D. Reinforcement

E. Conditioning
Decision making, refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of
alternatives to solve a problem. The more knowledge and skills employees
possess, the more likely they are to make accurate and sound decisions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Learning and Decision Making

33.
(p. 239)
The knowledge and skills that distinguish specialists from novices is referred to
as:

A. motivation.

B. expertise.

C. heuristic.

D. inspiration.

E. rationale.
Expertise refers to the knowledge and skills that distinguish experts from novices
and less experienced people. Research shows that the differences between
experts and novices is almost always a function of learning as opposed to the
more popular view that intelligence or other innate differences make the
difference.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Why Do Some Employees Learn to Make Decisions Better Than Others?

34.
(p. 239)
Research shows that the differences between experts and novices are almost
always a function of:

A. intelligence.

B. consensus.

C. heuristic.

D. personality.

E. learning.
Research shows that the differences between experts and novices is almost
always a function of learning as opposed to the more popular view that
intelligence or other innate differences make the difference.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

35.
(p. 239)
True learning only occurs when:

A. employees avoid mimicking the behaviors of experts.

B. experts also pretend to be novices.

C. changes in behavior become relatively permanent.

D. employees are assigned larger responsibilities.

E. learned behaviors are not repeated over time.
True learning only occurs when changes in behavior become relatively permanent
and are repeated over time. Understanding why some employees prove better at
this than others requires understanding what exactly employees learn and how
they do it.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

36.
(p. 239)
Information that is relatively easily communicated and a large part of what
companies teach during training sessions is known as _____ knowledge.

A. inherent

B. inferred

C. implied

D. tacit

E. explicit
Explicit knowledge is the kind of information you are likely to think about when
you picture someone sitting down at a desk to learn.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 08-02 What types of knowledge can employees gain as they learn and build expertise?

37.
(p. 239)
Lucy just moved to New York on a job assignment. Lucy got herself a map of the
city and various other guides on restaurants, fitness centers, libraries, and
theaters. Lucy learns about New York by studying these materials. Lucy acquires
_____ knowledge by learning this way.

A. consensus-based

B. tacit

C. explicit

D. intuition-based

E. inherent
Explicit knowledge is the kind of information you are likely to think about when
you picture someone sitting down at a desk to learn. Lucy is acquiring explicit
knowledge as she is learning from written materials.

Blooms: Apply

38.
(p. 239)
The knowledge that employees can typically learn only through experience is
called _____ knowledge.

A. consensus-based

B. tacit

C. explicit

D. direct

E. open
Tacit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience.
It's not easily communicated but could very well be the most important aspect of
what we learn in organizations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

39.
(p. 239)
_____ knowledge is not easily communicated but could very well be the most
important aspect of what we learn in organizations.

A. Book-based

B. Direct

C. Explicit

D. Tacit

E. Documented
Tacit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience.
It's not easily communicated but could very well be the most important aspect of
what we learn in organizations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

40.
(p. 240)
Which of the following is a characteristic of implicit knowledge?

A. Transferability through written communication

B. Existence as general information

C. Ability to be learned through books

D. High personal nature

E. Existence as conscious and accessible information
Tacit knowledge is highly personal in nature.
Refer To: Table 8-1

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

41.
(p. 240)
Tacit knowledge _____.

A. is based on experience

B. involves conscious and accessible information

C. can be learned through books

D. exists as general information

E. is easily transferred through written communication
Tacit knowledge is highly personal and is based on experience.
Refer To: Table 8.1

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

42.
(p. 240)
Explicit knowledge _____.

A. is highly personal in nature

B. cannot be articulated to others

C. is job and situation-specific

D. contains conscious and accessible information

E. is based on employees' experience
Explicit knowledge contains conscious and accessible information.
Refer To: Table 8.1

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

43.
(p. 240)
_____ refers to the notion that we learn by observing the link between our
voluntary behavior and the consequences that follow it.

A. Explicit learning

B. Operant conditioning

C. Social identification

D. Heuristics

E. Experimental conditioning
Originally known as operant conditioning, B.F. Skinner was the first to pioneer the
notion that we learn by observing the link between our voluntary behavior and the
consequences that follow it.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 08-03 What are the methods by which employees learn in organizations?

44.
(p. 241)
Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior. They
are known as the:

A. attribution biases.

B. communities of practice.

C. contingencies of reinforcement.

D. climates of transfer.

E. heuristics.
There are four specific consequences typically used by organizations to modify
employee behavior, known as the contingencies of reinforcement.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

45.
(p. 241)
_____ occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired
behavior.

A. Reverse discrimination

B. Retribution

C. Extinction

D. Punishment

E. Negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following
a desired behavior. There are some tasks that a job requires that employees don't
enjoy. If the manager removes these responsibilities specifically because the
concerned employees perform well at another aspect of your job, then this could
also be seen as negative reinforcement. It is important to remember that even
though the word "negative" has a sour connotation to it; it is designed to increase
desired behaviors.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

46.
(p. 241)
Which of these occurs when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted
behavior?

A. Reverse discrimination

B. neutral reinforcement

C. Punishment

D. Extinction

E. Positive reinforcement
Punishment occurs when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

47.
(p. 241)
A manager suspends one of his subordinates for showing up to work late. This is
an example of:

A. negative feedback.

B. punishment.

C. negative reinforcement.

D. extinction.

E. neutral reinforcement.
Punishment occurs when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior.
The employee is given something he or she doesn't like as a result of performing
a behavior that the organization doesn't like. Suspending an employee for
showing up to work late is an example of punishment.

Blooms: Apply

48.
(p. 241)
Which two contingencies of reinforcement are designed to decrease undesired
behaviors?

A. Punishment and extinction

B. Positive reinforcement and punishment

C. Punishment and negative reinforcement

D. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

E. Negative reinforcement and extinction
The two contingencies of reinforcement used to decrease undesired behaviors
are punishment and extinction. Punishment occurs when an unwanted outcome
follows an unwanted behavior. Extinction occurs when there is the removal of a
consequence following an unwanted behavior.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

49.
(p. 241)
_____ occurs when there is the removal of consequences following an unwanted
behavior.

A. Negative feedback

B. Negative reinforcement

C. Punishment

D. Extinction

Extinction occurs when there is the removal of a consequence following an
unwanted behavior. The use of extinction to reinforce behavior can be purposeful
or accidental. Perhaps an employee receives attention from coworkers when he
or she acts in ways that are somewhat childish at work. Finding a way to remove
the attention would be a purposeful act of extinction.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

50.
(p. 241)
James is the new manager of operations at Leo Motors. To his dismay, he finds
the employees coming in late to work, taking long breaks and behaving in
unprofessionally at their work stations. James decides to promote desirable work
practices. He plans to introduce incentives for meeting the required targets, at the
same time withhold incentives, when employees meet the target but their work
culture is poor and they continue coming late. Identify the contingencies that
James is planning to implement?

A. Punishment and extinction

B. Positive reinforcement and punishment

C. Punishment and negative reinforcement

D. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

E. Negative reinforcement and extinction
Two contingencies of reinforcement are used to increase desired behaviors.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a positive outcome follows a desired
behavior. Negative reinforcement occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed
following a desired behavior. James is planning to uses positive and negative
reinforcement in this case.

Blooms: Apply

51.
(p. 241)
Jackson High School introduced a scholarship of $1,000 for students who
maintain 100 percent attendance. This is an example of using _____.

A. Positive feedback

B. Negative feedback

C. Punishment

D. Extinction

Positive reinforcement occurs when a positive outcome follows a desired
behavior. The scholarship is the outcome in this case.

Blooms: Apply

52.
(p. 242)
In general, _____ and _____ should be the most common forms of reinforcement
used by managers to create learning among their employees.

A. punishment; extinction

B. negative reinforcement; extinction

C. punishment; negative reinforcement

D. positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

E. positive reinforcement; extinction
In general, positive reinforcement and extinction should be the most common
forms of reinforcement used by managers to create learning among their
employees.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

53.
(p. 242)
Which of the following is the simplest schedule of reinforcement?

A. Variable ratio

B. Variable interval

C. Fixed ratio

D. Continuous

E. Fixed interval
Continuous reinforcement is the simplest schedule of reinforcement and happens
when a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired
behavior.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

54.
(p. 242)
_____ reinforcement happens when a specific consequence follows each and
every occurrence of a desired behavior.

A. Fixed interval

B. Variable ratio

C. Fixed ratio

D. Variable interval

E. Continuous
Continuous reinforcement is the simplest schedule and happens when a specific
consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior. For most
jobs, continuous reinforcement is impractical.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

55.
(p. 242)
With _____ schedule, workers are rewarded after a certain amount of time, and
the length of time between reinforcement periods stays the same.

A. fixed interval

B. variable ratio

C. continuous reinforcement

D. fixed ratio

E. variable interval
A fixed interval schedule is probably the single most common form of
reinforcement schedule. With this schedule, workers are rewarded after a certain
amount of time, and the length of time between reinforcement periods stays the
same.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

56.
(p. 242)
An organization revises its employees' salaries at the end of each financial year.
This is an example of _____ reinforcement.

A. variable ratio

B. fixed interval

C. continuous

D. fixed ratio

The organization is using a fixed interval schedule in this case. With this
schedule, workers are rewarded after a certain amount of time, and the length of
time between reinforcement periods stays the same.

Blooms: Apply

57.
(p. 242)
_____ schedules are designed to reinforce behaviors at more random points in
time.

A. Fixed ratio


C. Continuous

D. Variable ratio

E. Fixed interval
Variable interval schedules are designed to reinforce behavior at more random
points in time. A supervisor walking around at different points of time every day is
a good example of a variable interval schedule.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

58.
(p. 242)
Mark is a new hire at Blue Bay Technologies, Florida. His work involves creating
technology enabled business solutions for clients from various states. Mark's work
gets evaluated and rewarded at the end of each month. This is an example of
_____ reinforcement.

A. fixed interval

B. variable ratio

C. continuous

D. fixed ratio

A fixed interval schedule is probably the single most common form of
reinforcement schedule. With this schedule, workers are rewarded after a certain
amount of time, and the length of time between reinforcement periods stays the
same.

Blooms: Apply

59.
(p. 242)
The workers at SnackTime are always on their feet and do not take extra long
breaks because their supervisor Mr. Dan pays surprise visits to the production
department. This practice helps the firm exceed performance targets. Mr. Dan
practices which of the following reinforcement schedules?

A. Variable ratio schedule

B. Fixed interval schedule

C. Continuous schedule

D. Variable interval schedule

E. Fixed ratio schedule
Variable interval schedules are designed to reinforce behavior at more random
points in time. A supervisor walking around at different points of time every day is
a good example of a variable interval schedule.

Blooms: Apply

60.
(p. 243)
Which schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been
exhibited?

A. Continuous


C. Variable ratio

D. Fixed ratio

E. Fixed interval
Fixed ratio schedules reinforce behaviors after a certain number of them have
been exhibited. Employees know ahead of time how many items they have to
produce to be reinforced.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

61.
(p. 243)
A salaried paycheck is an example of _____ reinforcement schedule whereas
piece-rate pay is an example of _____ reinforcement schedule.

A. continuous; fixed interval

B. fixed interval; fixed ratio

C. variable ratio; variable interval

D. variable interval; fixed ratio

E. fixed ratio; continuous
With a fixed interval schedule, workers are rewarded after a certain amount of
time, and the length of time between reinforcement periods stays the same. Every
time an employee gets a paycheck after a predetermined period of time, he or
she is being reinforced on a fixed interval schedule. Fixed ratio schedules
reinforce behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited.
Consistent with this, some manufacturing plants have created piece-rate pay
systems in which workers are paid according to the number of items they
produce.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

62.
(p. 243)
A slot machine is an example of a _____ reinforcement schedule.

A. continuous

B. fixed interval

C. fixed ratio

D. variable interval

E. variable ratio
Variable ratio schedules reward people after a varying number of exhibited
behaviors. Take a slot machine as an example. The machine doesn't reward you
for every lever pull or even every 10 lever pullsyou never know when the next
winning pull will be.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand

63.
(p. 243)
_____ theory argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through
the observations of others.

A. Social learning

B. Learning life cycle

C. Bounded rationality

D. Social identity

E. Attribution
Social learning theory argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn
through the observation of others. In fact, many would argue that social learning
is the primary way by which employees gain knowledge in organizations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

64.
(p. 243)
When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe,
and then repeat what they have observed, they are engaging in:

A. structural modeling.

B. behavioral modeling.

C. static learning.

D. extrinsic learning.

E. hierarchical modeling.
When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe,
and then repeat the observed behavior, they are engaging in behavioral
modeling.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

65.
(p. 243)
United Motors is planning is facing shortage of funds and has decided to
implement the piece-rate system of payment. This way the workers who perform
better will get higher wages and it would not be a huge burden on the company's
bank account. Which of the following methods of reinforcement schedules has
United Motors implemented?

A. Continuous

B. Fixed interval

C. Variable ratio

D. Variable interval

E. Fixed ratio
Fixed ratio schedules reinforce behaviors after a certain number of them have
been exhibited. Employees know ahead of time how many items they have to
produce to be reinforced.

Blooms: Apply

66.
(p. 245)
Which of the following is the first step in the behavior modeling process?

A. Reinforcement

B. Production processes

C. Attentional processes

D. Retention processes

E. Extinction
In attentional processes learner focuses attention on the critical behaviors
exhibited by the model. This is the first step in the behavioral modeling process.
Refer To: Figure 8-3

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

67.
(p. 245)
The last step of behavior modeling is:

A. reinforcement.

B. production process.

C. attention process.

D. retention process.

E. behavior assessment.
The last step of behavior modeling is reinforcement. This reinforcement can come
from observation, direct experience, or both.
Refer To: Figure 8-3

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

68.
(p. 246)
When an individual has a(n) _____, building competence is deemed more
important than demonstrating competence.

A. productivity bias

B. learning orientation

C. projection bias

D. performance orientation

E. negative reinforcement
Learning orientation is where building competence is deemed more important
than demonstrating competence. "Learning-oriented" persons enjoy working on
new kinds of tasks, even if they fail during their early experiences. Such people
view failure in positive terms-as a means of increasing knowledge and skills in the
long run.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

69.
(p. 246)
_____ decisions are decisions that become somewhat automatic because
people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the
course of action that needs to be taken.

A. Programmed.

B. Unstructured

C. Indirect

D. Spontaneous

E. Surface
Programmed decisions are decisions that become somewhat automatic because
a person's knowledge allows him or her to recognize and identify a situation and
the course of action that needs to be taken. Past experiences often trigger
programmed decisions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 08-04 What two methods can employees use to make decisions?

70.
(p. 248)
_____ can be described as emotionally charged judgments that arise through
quick, non-conscious, and holistic associations.

A. Performance orientations

B. Intuitions

C. Faulty attributions

D. Calculations

E. Rational decisions
Intuition can be described as emotionally charged judgments that arise through
quick, non-conscious, and holistic associations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

71.
(p. 249)
A new, complex, and unrecognized situation calls for:

A. structured decisions.

B. external decisions.

C. direct decisions.

D. non-programmed decisions.

E. irrational decisions.
When a situation arises that is new, complex and not recognized, it calls for a non
programmed decision on the part of the employee. Organizations are complex
and changing environments, and many workers face uncertainty on a daily basis.
In these instances, employees have to make sense of their environment,
understand the problems they are faced with, and come up with solutions to
overcome them.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

72.
(p. 250)
The first step in rational decision making is to:

A. generate the list of available alternatives.

B. identify the criteria that are important in making the decision.

C. evaluate the alternatives that are available.

D. choose a person who could evaluate the decision.

E. choose the solution that maximizes value.
The first step in the rational decision-making model is to identify the criteria that
are important in making the decision, taking into account all involved parties.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

73.
(p. 250)
The notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to
process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision
refers to:

A. management by exception.

B. communities of practice.

C. bounded rationality.

D. projection bias.

E. structure bias.
Although most employees perceive themselves as rational decision makers, the
reality is that they are all subject to bounded rationality. Bounded rationality is the
notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process
all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 08-05 What decision-making problems can prevent employees from translating their learning into accurate
decisions?

74.
(p. 250)
_____ results when decision makers select the first acceptable alternative
considered.

A. Emergence

B. Neutralization

C. Optimization

D. Satisficing

E. Stereotyping
Satisficing results when decision makers select the first acceptable alternative
considered.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

75.
(p. 250)
To be a rational decision maker, one should do all of these EXCEPT:

A. boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood.

B. evaluating all the alternatives simultaneously.

C. using accurate information to evaluate alternatives.

D. picking the alternative that maximizes value.

E. developing an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.
To be a rational decision maker, we should develop an exhaustive list of
alternatives to consider as solutions, evaluate all the alternatives simultaneously,
use accurate information to evaluate alternatives and pick the alternative that
maximizes value. To be a bounded rationalist, we should boil the problem down
to something that is easily understood.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

76.
(p. 250)
Bounded rationality advocates:

A. pick the alternative that minimizes value.

B. evaluate all alternatives simultaneously.

C. use accurate information to evaluate alternatives.

D. develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.

E. choose the first acceptable alternative.
Bounded rationality is the notion that decision makers simply do not have the
ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make
an optimal decision. Bounded rationality says that we are likely to pick the first
acceptable alternative.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
decisions?

77.
(p. 251)
_____ is the process of selecting, organizing, storing, and retrieving information
about the environment.

A. Perception

B. Reinforcement

C. Heuristic

D. Stereotyping

E. Attribution
Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, storing, and retrieving
information about the environment. Perceptions help us to make sense of the
environment around us although they can often become distorted versions of
reality

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

78.
(p. 252)
The tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it
is consistent with their expectations is called:

A. social identification.

B. selective perception.

C. availability bias.

D. environmental bias.

E. thin-slicing.
Selective perception is the tendency for people to see their environment only as it
affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

79.
(p. 252)
The belief that others think, feel, and act the same way as you do refers to:

A. availability bias.

B. anchoring effect.

C. bandwagon effect.

D. projection bias.

E. halo effect.
One false assumption people tend to make when it comes to other people is the
belief that others think, feel, and act the same way they do. This assumption is
known as a projection bias.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

80.
(p. 252)
At a World Issues Conference, all the participants were asked to develop
responses to two case situations. People split themselves up into teams based on
their occupations. Which of the following helps to explain why the participants
acted this way?

A. Self-fulfilling prophecy

B. Bandwagon effect

C. Social identity theory

D. Projection bias

E. Collective perception
Social identity theory holds that people identify themselves by the groups to which
they belong and perceive and judge others by their group memberships.

Blooms: Apply
decisions?

81.
(p. 252)
A(n) _____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their
membership in a social group.

A. availability bias

B. Bandwagon effect

C. self-efficacy

D. projection bias

E. stereotype
A stereotype occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of
their membership in a social group. Although not all stereotypes are bad per se,
our decision making process becomes faulty when we make inaccurate
generalizations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

82.
(p. 252)
_____ are simple, efficient, rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more
easily.

A. Heuristics

B. Perceptions

C. Self-fulfilling prophecies

D. Climates of transfer

E. Attributions
Heuristics are simple, efficient, rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions
more easily. In general, heuristics are not bad. In fact, they lead to correct
decisions more often than not. However, heuristics can also bias us toward
inaccurate decisions at times.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

83.
(p. 252)
The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to
recall refers to the:


B. bandwagon effect.

C. self-fulfilling prophecy.

D. projection bias.

E. environmental bias.
The availability bias is the tendency for people to base their judgments on
information that is easier to recall. For example, it is easier for almost everyone to
remember words in which R is the first letter as opposed to the third.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

84.
(p. 252)
The tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making
decision refers to which of these biases?

A. Availability bias

B. Confirmation bias

C. Anchoring

D. Gambler's fallacy

E. Halo effect
The tendency to rely too heavily, or "anchor," on one trait or piece of information
when making decisions even when the anchor might be unreliable or irrelevant.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
decisions?

85.
(p. 252)
Albert is the manager of a large retail store. He has the authority to appoint
employees in the store. The store does not have a specialized human resource
executive and Albert himself conducts selection interviews. Albert has not
received any training on selection and recruitment. This often leads to selection
errors.

Albert does not prepare in advance for interviews. He asks questions that come to
his mind easily during interviews. This indicates _____.


B. bandwagon effect.

C. self-fulfilling prophecy.

D. projection bias.

E. social identification.
The availability bias is the tendency for people to base their judgments on
information that is easier to recall. Albert is subject to availability bias in this case.

Blooms: Apply
decisions?

86.
(p. 253)
errors.

Albert interviews people mainly to analyze if they have ability to address the latest
problem that the store is facing. Identify the bias facing Albert in this case.

A. Anchoring

B. Representiveness

C. Framing

D. Contrast

E. Recency
Recency bias refers to the tendency to weigh recent events more than earlier
events.
Refer To: Table 8.4

Blooms: Apply
decisions?

87.
(p. 253)
errors.

Albert selected an applicant only because he displayed personality traits similar to
one of his best performers. Identify the bias facing Albert in this case.

A. Anchoring

B. Recency

C. Framing

D. Representativeness

E. False consensus
Representativeness is the tendency to assess the likelihood of an event by
comparing it to a similar event and assuming it will be similar. Here Albert is
assuming that the candidate will also perform like his best performer.
Refer To: Table 8.4

Blooms: Apply
decisions?

88.
(p. 254)
Sally's daughter just started going to school and because of which Sally has been
coming to work early for the past few weeks. Her colleagues are under the
impression that Sally is trying too hard for a promotion. Sally's colleagues are
subject to:

A. self-serving bias.

B. fundamental attribution error.

C. anchoring error.

D. illusion of control error.

E. halo effect.
The fundamental attribution error argues that people have a tendency to judge
others' behaviors as due to internal factors.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
decisions?

89.
(p. 254-
255)
An employee comes late to office. An internal attribution will occur if there is low
______, low _____, and high _____.

A. consensus; consistency; extinction

B. consensus; distinctiveness; consistency

C. consistency; distinctiveness; consensus

D. extinction; consistency; distinctiveness

E. consensus; consistency; extinction
An internal attribution, such as laziness or low motivation will occur if there is low
consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency for an occurrence.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand
decisions?

90.
(p. 255)
A worker comes late to the work site. An external attribution will occur if there is
high ______; high ______; and low ______.

A. consensus; consistency; extinction

B. consensus; distinctiveness; consistency

C. consistency; distinctiveness; consensus

D. extinction; consistency; distinctiveness

E. consensus; consistency; distinction
An external attribution, such as bad traffic or a power outage, will occur if there is
high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Understand
decisions?

91.
(p. 255)
_____ refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

A. Availability bias

B. Confirmation bias

C. Escalation of commitment

D. Gambler's fallacy

E. Halo effect
Escalation of commitment refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing
course of action. The expression "throwing good money after bad" captures this
common decision-making error.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
decisions?

92.
(p. 258)
Learning has _____ effect on performance and _____ effect on commitment.

A. a moderate negative; a moderate positive

B. a strong positive; a moderate negative

C. a weak negative; a strong positive

D. a moderate positive; a weak positive

E. a weak positive; a moderate negative
Learning has a moderate positive effect on Performance. However, learning only
has a weak positive effect on commitment.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 08-06 How does learning affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important is Learning?

93.
(p. 259)
_____ are groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by
collaborating over an extended period of time.

A. Heuristics developers

B. Communities of practice

C. Control moderators

D. Internal advocates

E. Attribution anchors
Communities of practice are groups of employees who work together and learn
from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time. Many
companies are adopting this newer form of informal social learning.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 08-07 What steps can organizations take to foster learning?
Topic: Application: Training

94.
(p. 259)
Which of these occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job
are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the
workplace once the learner returns to the job?

A. Heuristics

B. Communities of practice

C. Illusion of control

D. Transfer of training

E. Attribution anchoring
Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the
job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the
workplace once the learner returns to the job.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 08-07 What steps can organizations take to foster learning?
Topic: Application: Training

95.
(p. 259)
Transfer of training can be fostered if organizations create a _____, an
environment that can support the use of new skills.

A. locus of control

B. internal heuristic

C. climate for transfer

D. community of practice

E. social network
Transfer of training can be fostered if organizations create a climate for transfer
an environment that can support the use of new skills.


32.
(p. 272)
_____ refers to the structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or
her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.

A. Personality

B. Apophenia

C. Ethnoburb

D. Ethnocentrism

E. Perception
Personality refers to the structures and propensities inside people that explain
their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. It creates a
person's social reputationthe way they are perceived by friends, family,
coworkers, and supervisors.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 09-01 What is personality? What are cultural values?
Topic: Personality And Cultural Values

33.
(p. 272)
Personality is a collection of multiple _____.

A. abilities

B. traits

C. aptitudes

D. emotions

E. capacities
Personality is a collection of multiple traits. Traits are defined as recurring
regularities or trends in people's responses to their environment.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

34.
(p. 272)
_____ are defined as recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their
environment.

A. Perceptions

B. Values

C. Short-term orientations

D. Traits

E. Beliefs
Traits are defined as recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their
environment. Adjectives such as responsible, easy-going, polite, and reserved are
examples of traits that can be used to summarize someone's personality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

35.
(p. 272)
Personality traits are a function of both your:

A. values and beliefs.

B. beliefs and environment.

C. environment and genes.

D. genes and perceptions.

E. culture and beliefs.
Personality traits are a function of both your genes and your environment. Traits
are defined as recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their
environment.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

36.
(p. 273)
Which of the following is not a "dimension" of the big five taxonomy?

A. Conscientiousness

B. Extraversion

C. Locus of control

D. Openness to experience

E. Neuroticism
The big five personality dimensions include conscientiousness, agreeableness,
neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 09-02 What are the "Big Five?"
Topic: How Can We Describe What Employees Are Like?

37.
(p. 273)
Melissa was reading her slam book from junior high, in which most of her friends
described her as a dependable and reliable individual. In the context of the Big
Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Melissa.

A. conscientiousness

B. openness to experience

C. agreeableness

D. introversion

E. neuroticism
Conscientious people are dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious,
hardworking, and persevering.

Blooms: Apply

38.
(p. 273)
Which of these dimensions in the Big Five taxonomy is associated with the trait
adjectives kind, cooperative, sympathetic, and warm?


B. Extraversion

C. Agreeableness

D. Openness

E. Neuroticism
Agreeable people are warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and
courteous.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

39.
(p. 273)
The day before Jackson takes up an important quiz test in school, he shows a
tendency to get annoyed easily. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the
personality dimension _____ best describes Jackson.


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness

D. openness to experience

E. neuroticism
Neurotic people are nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous.

Blooms: Remember

40.
(p. 273)
Critical, selfish, and rude are opposite traits for which personality dimension of the
Big Five?


B. Extraversion

C. Agreeableness

D. Callousness

E. Neuroticism
Agreeable people are warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and
courteous.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

41.
(p. 273)
The scenario below is a review that some of the employees at The Pulse, an HR
company, received after a 360 degree feedback.
Jack, who was being considered for a promotion, was described as someone who
is eager to learn and innovate. Alex was appreciated for his meticulous and
organized work and was the one the team could depend on during crunch time.
Isabelle's ability to be cooperative, accommodating, and sociable to customers
who had grievances, was well acknowledged in the feedback.

In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best
describes Alex.


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness

D. introversion

E. neuroticism
In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, people who fall under the personality
dimension conscientiousness are dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious,
hardworking, and persevering.

Blooms: Apply

42.
(p. 273)

describes Jack.


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness


E. neuroticism
dimension openness to experience are curious, imaginative, creative, complex,
refined, and sophisticated.

Blooms: Apply

43.
(p. 273)

describes Isabelle.


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness


E. neuroticism
dimension extraversion are talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and
dominant.

Blooms: Apply

44.
(p. 276)
The two Big Five dimensions most dependent on genes are:

A. conscientiousness and extraversion.

B. extraversion and openness.

C. agreeableness and openness.

D. openness and conscientiousness.

E. neuroticism and agreeableness.
The two Big Five dimensions most dependent on genes are extraversion and
openness. Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, however, change
quite significantly over a person's life span.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 09-03 Is personality driven by nature or by nurture?

45.
(p. 277)
The Big Five personality dimension that has the biggest influence on job
performance is _____.


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness


E. neuroticism
The Big Five personality dimension that has the biggest influence on job
performance is conscientiousness. Conscientious employees prioritize
accomplishment striving, which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related
goals as a means of expressing personality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

46.
(p. 277)
Conscientious people prioritize:

A. status striving.

B. communion striving.

C. accomplishment striving.

D. curiosity.

E. power striving.
Conscientious employees prioritize accomplishment striving, which reflects a
strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing
personality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

47.
(p. 277)
A strong desire to achieve task-related goals as a means of expressing
personality is known as _____.

A. status striving

B. accomplishment striving

C. value striving

D. curiosity

E. power striving
Conscientious employees prioritize accomplishment striving, which reflects a
strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing
personality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

48.
(p. 277)
People who are _____ have a built-in desire to finish work tasks, channel a high
proportion of their efforts toward those tasks, and work harder and longer on task
assignments.

A. accomplishment strivers

B. communion strivers

C. status strivers

D. value strivers

E. power strivers
People who are accomplishment strivers have a built-in desire to finish work
tasks, channel a high proportion of their efforts toward those tasks, and work
harder and longer on task assignments.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

49.
(p. 277)
Agreeable people prioritize _____.

A. status striving

B. communion striving

C. accomplishment striving

D. attainment striving

E. power striving
Agreeable people prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to
obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

50.
(p. 277)
_____ reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a
means of expressing personality.

A. Status striving

B. Attainment striving

C. Accomplishment striving

D. Communion striving

E. Power striving
Agreeable people prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

51.
(p. 277)
When a fight broke out between two workers at Leo Motors, James the manager,
decided to walk away and let the situation resolve on its own. In the context of the
Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes James.

A. neuroticism

B. extraversion

C. agreeableness


E. conscientiousness
Agreeable employees are reluctant to react to conflict with criticism, threats, or
manipulation. They prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to

Blooms: Apply

52.
(p. 277)
_____ focus on "getting along," not necessarily "getting ahead."

A. Conscientious people

B. Agreeable people

C. Neurotic people

D. Diligent people

E. Extraverts
Agreeable people focus on "getting along," not necessarily "getting ahead." They
are warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

53.
(p. 278)
Of the Big Five, _____ is the easiest to judge in zero acquaintance situations.

A. openness to experience

B. conscientiousness

C. agreeableness

D. neuroticism

E. extraversion
Of the Big Five, extraversion is the easiest to judge in zero acquaintance
situationssituations in which two people have only just met. Extraverted people
are talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

54.
(p. 278)
A(n) _____ situation is an situation in which two people have only just met.

A. differential exposure

B. zero acquaintance

C. locus of control

D. ethnocentric

E. uncertainty avoidance
Of the Big Five, extraversion is the easiest to judge in zero acquaintance
situationssituations in which two people have only just met.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

55.
(p. 278)
Extraverted people prioritize _____.

A. status striving

B. communion striving


D. value striving

E. attainment striving
Extraverted people prioritize status striving, which reflects a strong desire to
obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing
personality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

56.
(p. 278)
_____ reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social
structure as a means of expressing personality.

A. Accomplishment striving

B. Status striving

C. Fellowship striving

D. Attainment striving

E. Communion striving
personality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

57.
(p. 278)
Rita can be described as a hard working and ambitious individual. She joined
Atlas Corporation as a junior recruiter and wants to climb the corporate ladder to
become a team leader in the future. Having that goal in mind Rita works for long
hours and takes up more than one project at a time. In the context of the Big Five
taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Rita.

A. neuroticism

B. agreeableness

C. extraversion

D. callousness

E. conflict-orientation
personality.

Blooms: Apply

58.
(p. 278)
_____, who are more energetic and outgoing, are perceived to be more "leader
like."

A. Neurotics

B. Hysteric individuals

C. Extraverts

D. Callous people

E. Agreeable people
People tend to view extraverts, who are more energetic and outgoing, as more
"leaderlike" than introverts.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

59.
(p. 278)
Extraverted people tend to be high in:

A. neuroticism.

B. agreeableness.

C. status striving.

D. conflict avoidance.

E. positive affectivity.
Extraverted employees tend to be high in what's called positive affectivity a
dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as
enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

60.
(p. 278)
A dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as
enthusiasm, excitement, and elations refers to _____.

A. neuroticism

B. agreeableness

C. positive affectivity

D. conflict avoidance

E. status striving
Extraverted employees tend to be high in what's called positive affectivity a
dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as
enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

61.
(p. 279)
The Big Five dimension _____ is also called by its flip side: "Emotional Stability" or
"Emotional Adjustment."


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness


E. neuroticism
The Big Five dimension neuroticism is also called by its flip side: "Emotional
Stability" or "Emotional Adjustment." Neurotic people are nervous, moody,
emotional, insecure, and jealous.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

62.
(p. 279)
The Big Five dimension neuroticism is synonymous with _____.

A. extraversion

B. openness to experience

C. conscientiousness

D. collectivism

E. negative affectivity
The Big Five dimension neuroticism is synonymous with negative affectivitya
dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility,
nervousness, and annoyance.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

63.
(p. 279)
A dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility,
nervousness, and annoyance is called _____.

A. zero acquaintance

B. status striving


D. negative affectivity

E. differential reactivity
Whereas extraversion is synonymous with positive affectivity, neuroticism is
synonymous with negative affectivity a dispositional tendency to experience
unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

64.
(p. 279)
Neuroticism is associated with a(n) _____ to stressors, meaning that neurotic
people are more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as stressful.

A. communion striving factor

B. accomplishment striving factor

C. differential exposure


E. locus of control
Specifically, neuroticism is associated with a differential exposure to stressors,
meaning that neurotic people are more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as
stressful. Neuroticism also influences the way that people deal with stressful
situations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

65.
(p. 279)
Neuroticism is associated with a(n) _____ to stressors, meaning that neurotic
people are less likely to believe they can cope with the stressors that they
experience.

A. status striving factor

B. locus of control

C. positive affectivity

D. differential reactivity

E. accomplishment striving factor
Neuroticism is associated with a differential reactivity to stressors, meaning that
neurotic people are less likely to believe they can cope with the stressors that
they experience.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

66.
(p. 281)
_____ reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or to
the external environment.

A. Differential exposure

B. Zero acquaintance

C. Ethnocentrism

D. Locus of control

E. Differential reactivity
Neuroticism is strongly related to locus of control, which reflects whether people
attribute the causes of events to themselves or to the external environment.
Neurotic people tend to hold an external locus of control, meaning that they often
believe that the events that occur around them are driven by luck, chance, or fate.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

67.
(p. 281)
Neurotic people tend to:

A. strive for status.

B. be communion strivers.

C. hold an external locus of control.

D. exhibit enthusiastic and upbeat mood patterns.

E. be extroverts.
Neurotic people tend to hold an external locus of control, meaning that they often
believe that the events that occur around them are driven by luck, chance, or fate.
Less neurotic people tend to hold an internal locus of control, meaning that they
believe that their own behavior dictates events.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

68.
(p. 281)
In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ is also
called "inquisitiveness" or "intellectualness."


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness


E. neuroticism
In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension openness to
experience is also called "inquisitiveness" or "intellectualness." Open people are
curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

69.
(p. 283)
In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ is more
likely to be valuable in jobs that require high levels of creativity.

A. neuroticism

B. extraversion

C. agreeableness

D. conscientiousness

E. openness to experience
In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension openness to
experience is more likely to be valuable in jobs that require high levels of
creativity. Open people are curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and
sophisticated.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

70.
(p. 283)
Together with cognitive ability, _____ is a key driver of creative thought, as smart
and open people excel at the style of thinking demanded by creativity.


B. extraversion

C. agreeableness


E. neuroticism
Together with cognitive ability, openness to experience is a key driver of creative
thought, as smart and open people excel at the style of thinking demanded by
creativity. Openness to experience is also more likely to be valuable in jobs that
require high levels of creative performance, where job holders need to be able to
generate novel and useful ideas and solutions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

71.
(p. 285)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator evaluates individuals on the basis of all of these
types of preferences except:

A. judging versus perceiving.

B. sensing versus intuition.

C. extraversion versus introversion.

D. thinking versus feeling.

E. short-term versus long-term orientation.
Short-term versus long-term is a dimension related to Hofstede's dimensions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 09-04 What taxonomies can be used to describe personality; other than the Big Five?

72.
(p. 285)
Sam and Matilda are successful stock brokers working with Invest Right Broking.
Before striking a deal with a company, Sam reviews the company's reports and
past data. Matilda on the other hand buys stock based on speculation. According
to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the _____ type best describes Sam and the
_____ type best describes Matilda.

A. sensing; intuition

B. perceiving; judging

C. short-term; long-term

D. feeling; thinking

E. extraversion; introversion
In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, sensing prefers clear and concrete facts and
data and intuition prefers hunches and speculations based on theory and
imagination.

Blooms: Apply

73.
(p. 285)
"Approaching tasks by planning and setting goals" describes the _____ type of
Myers-Briggs indicator.

A. perceiving

B. introversion

C. extraversion

D. feeling

E. judging
"Approaching tasks by planning and setting goals" describes the judging type of
Myers-Briggs indicator.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

74.
(p. 285)
The most appropriate use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is:

A. in the job satisfaction prediction context.

B. in a team-building context.

C. to gauge the commitment of employees across jobs.

D. to predict the motivation of employees.

E. to forecast the performance of employees across jobs.
The most appropriate use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is in a team-building
context, to help different members understand their varying approaches to
accomplishing tasks.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

75.
(p. 285)
_____ are expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences
for certain environments and activities.

A. Values

B. Beliefs

C. Tests

D. Interests

E. Ethics
Interests are expressions of personality that influence behavior through
preferences for certain environments and activities. They reflect stable and
enduring likes and dislikes that can explain why people are drawn toward some
careers and away from others.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

76.
(p. 285)
According to the RIASEC model, a(n) _____ person enjoys abstract, analytical,
and theory-oriented tasks.

A. enterprising

B. realistic

C. artistic

D. conventional

E. investigative
Investigative people enjoy abstract, analytical, theory-oriented tasks. They tend to
be analytical, intellectual, reserved, and scholarly.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

77.
(p. 285)
Tina's psychology curriculum required her to study an individual's personality type
using the process of interviewing. She selected Darren, her brother's roommate,
as her test subject. The highlighted points of her research were that Darren is a
Law graduate, who is a musician in his spare time. He is an independent person
who paid his way through Law school; his friends get annoyed with his impulsive
behavior. According to the RIASEC model, Tina classified Darren under the _____
type of personality dimension.

A. enterprising

B. realistic

C. artistic

D. conventional

E. investigative
According to the RIASEC model, artistic people enjoy entertaining and fascinating
others using imagination. They tend to be original, independent, impulsive, and
creative.

Blooms: Apply

78.
(p. 285)
Dawson is a famous carpenter in Oregon. Though rugged, Dawson is good at
carpentry and electrical work. According to the RIASEC model, the _____ type of
personality dimension best describes Dawson.

A. enterprising

B. realistic

C. artistic

D. conventional

E. investigative
Realistic people enjoy practical, hands-on, real-world tasks. They tend to be
frank, practical, determined, and rugged.

Blooms: Apply

79.
(p. 287)
Which of the following is not a Hofstede's dimension of cultural values?

A. Power distance

B. Masculinity-femininity

C. Individualism-collectivism

D. Uncertainty avoidance

E. Extraversion-introversion
Extraversion-introversion is a dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 09-05 What taxonomies can be used to describe cultural values?

80.
(p. 287)
Unicoi Inc., a Brazilian sports manufacturer, is known as a company that focuses
on improving its customers' quality of life. In the context of the Hofstede's
dimensions, the cultural dimension _____ best describes Unicoi Inc.

A. individualism

B. uncertainty avoidance

C. femininity

D. high power distance

E. short-term orientation
Femininity values stereotypical female traits such as caring for others and caring
about quality of life.

Blooms: Apply

81.
(p. 287)
Dallas, a project manager at Stars Inc., was the man behind the company's shift
to a new culture that focused on being assertive with their clients. In the context of
the Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural dimension _____ best describes Stars Inc.

A. collectivism


C. masculinity

D. low power distance

Masculinity values stereotypical male traits such as assertiveness and the
acquisition of money and things.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

82.
(p. 287)
Connor, a trainer at T&R Inc., preaches the company's policy of prudence to all
his new trainees. In the context of the Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural value
followed in T&R Inc. is an example of _____.

A. collectivism

B. low power distance

C. masculinity

D. high uncertainty avoidance

E. long-term orientation
When a Hofstede's culture stresses values such as persistence, prudence, and
thrift, the culture is high on long-term orientation.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy

83.
(p. 287)
In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural dimension _____ stresses on
values such as respect for tradition and fulfilling obligations.

A. individualism

B. high power distance

C. masculinity

D. low uncertainty avoidance

In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, short-term orientation stresses on values
such as respect for tradition and fulfilling obligations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

84.
(p. 287)
The Chinese culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of the
members of a broader in-group and act loyal to it. In the context of Hofstede's
dimensions, what is the personality dimension that you will use to describe the
Chinese culture?

A. Collectivism

B. Uncertainty avoidance

C. Masculinity

D. Low power distance

E. Short-term orientation
The collectivistic culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of
the members of a broader in-group and act loyal to it.

Blooms: Apply

85.
(p. 287)
In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the culture low on _____ tolerates
ambiguous situations and values unusual ideas and behaviors.

A. collectivism

B. power distance

C. masculinity

D. uncertainty avoidance

In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the culture low on uncertainty avoidance
tolerates ambiguous situations and values unusual ideas and behaviors.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

86.
(p. 287)
In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the culture high on _____ accepts the fact
that authority is usually distributed unequally within organizations.

A. collectivism


C. masculinity

D. power distance

In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, the culture high on power distance
accepts the fact that authority is usually distributed unequally within organizations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

87.
(p. 287)
A culture high on _____ feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations
and relies on formal rules to create stability.

A. collectivism

B. power distance

C. masculinity

D. uncertainty avoidance

When a culture feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and relies
on formal rules to create stability, it is said to be high on uncertainty avoidance.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

88.
(p. 289)
Which of the following has the propensity to view one's own cultural values as
"right" and those of other cultures as "wrong"?

A. Ethnocentrism

B. Neuroticism

C. Extraversion

D. Zero acquaintance

E. Short-term orientation
Ethnocentrism has the propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and
those of other cultures as "wrong."

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

89.
(p. 291)
The Big Five personality dimension _____ is a key driver of what's referred to as
typical performance, which reflects performance in the routine conditions that
surround daily job tasks.

A. neuroticism

B. conscientiousness

C. extraversion


E. agreeableness
The Big Five personality dimension conscientiousness is a key driver of what's
referred to as typical performance, which reflects performance in the routine
conditions that surround daily job tasks.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 09-06 How does personality affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Are Personality And Cultural Values?

90.
(p. 292)
The principle of _____ suggests that "strong situations" have clear behavioral
expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals
less important, whereas "weak situations" lack those cues.

A. situation awareness

B. situational strength

C. situational prevention

D. situational ethics

E. situation specificity
The principle of situational strength suggests that "strong situations" have clear
behavioral expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between
individuals less important, whereas "weak situations" lack those cues. Personality
variables tend to be more significant drivers of behavior in weak situations than in
strong situations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 09-06 How does personality affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Are Personality And Cultural Values?

91.
(p. 294)
Which of these given below asks applicants about their attitudes toward
dishonesty; the desire to punish dishonesty, and confessions of past dishonesty?

A. A clear purpose test

B. Differential reactivity

C. Positive affectivity

D. A veiled purpose test

E. A Big Five Inventory
Clear purpose tests ask applicants about their attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs
about the frequency of dishonesty, endorsements of common rationalizations for
dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confessions of past dishonesty.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 09-07 Are personality tests useful tools for organizational hiring?
Topic: Application: Personality Tests

92.
(p. 294)
_____ do not reference dishonesty explicitly but instead assess more general
personality traits that are associated with dishonest acts.

A. Clear purpose tests

B. Differential reactivity

C. Positive affectivity

D. Veiled purpose tests

E. Aptitude inventories
Veiled purpose tests do not reference dishonesty explicitly but instead assess
more general personality traits that are associated with dishonest acts.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 09-07 Are personality tests useful tools for organizational hiring?
Topic: Application: Personality Tests

93.
(p. 295)
Exaggerating your responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion is
called _____.

A. ethnocentrism

B. faking

C. neuroticism

D. creativity

E. negative affectivity
Exaggerating your responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion is
called faking.

31.
(p. 312)
Which of the following refers to the relatively stable capabilities people have to
perform a particular range of different but related activities?

A. Knowledge

B. Beliefs

C. Ability

D. Values

E. Attitudes
Ability refers to the relatively stable capabilities people have to perform a
particular range of different but related activities.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 10-01 What is ability?
Topic: Ability

32.
(p. 313)
Which of the following represents the strongest determinants of one's abilities?

A. Genes and the environment

B. Training and skills

C. Values and attitudes

D. Knowledge and beliefs

E. Experience and attitude
In contrast to skills, which can be improved over time with training and
experience, ability is relatively stable. Although abilities can change slowly over
time with instruction, repeated practice, and repetition, the level of a given ability
generally limits how much a person can improve, even with the best training in the
world. This given level of abilities is a function of both genes and the environment,
and the amount attributable to each source depends somewhat on the nature of
the ability.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Topic: Ability

33.
(p. 313)
In the context of cognitive abilities, which of the following is true regarding the
relative influence of genes and the environment?

A. Genes play a greater role than the environment

B. Genes and environment play roughly equal roles

C. Environment plays a role only when it is deficient

D. Environment plays a greater role than genes

E. Genes play a marginal role but environment plays no role
For cognitive abilities, it appears that genes and the environment play roughly
equal roles. However, differences in cognitive abilities due to the environment
become less apparent as people get older, which may be especially true for the
effect of the family environment.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Topic: Ability

34.
(p. 313)
Which of the following represents the three general categories into which abilities
can be grouped?

A. Social, physical, and emotional

B. Emotional, social, and conative

C. Cognitive, emotional, and physical

D. Physical, cognitive, and external

E. External, internal, and transactional
Abilities can be grouped into three general categories: cognitive, emotional, and
physical. Taken together, these abilities capture what people can do.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Topic: What Does It Mean For An Employee To Be "Able"?

35.
(p. 314)
Abilities related to the acquisition and application of knowledge in problem-solving
refers to _____ abilities.

A. social

B. motivational

C. physical

D. cognitive

E. affective
Cognitive ability refers to capabilities related to the acquisition and application of
knowledge in problem solving. Cognitive abilities are very relevant in jobs
involving decision making and problem-solving.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 10-02 What are the various types of cognitive ability?

36.
(p. 314)
SAT is an evaluation of literacy and writing skills that are required for academic
success in college. This makes SAT a test that assesses the _____ of a student.

A. coping ability

B. emotional ability

C. physical ability

D. social ability

E. cognitive ability
The Scholastic Assessment Test includes different types of questions which
reflect that there are several specific types of cognitive ability that contribute to
effectiveness on intellectual tasks.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

37.
(p. 314)
Verbal and spatial abilities come under the general category of _____ abilities.

A. cognitive

B. emotional

C. physical

D. sensory

E. psychomotor
Verbal and spatial abilities are types of cognitive abilities.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

38.
(p. 314)
Which of these is a type of cognitive ability?

A. Sensory abilities

B. Psychomotor abilities

C. Spatial abilities

D. Response orientation

E. Coordination
Sensory and psychomotor skills along with response orientation and coordination
com under the general category of physical abilities. Spatial ability is a type of
cognitive ability.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

39.
(p. 315)
Oral and written expressions are associated with _____ ability.

A. quantitative

B. sensory

C. verbal

D. spatial

E. perceptual
Oral expression refers to the ability to communicate ideas by speaking and written
expression refers to the ability to communicate ideas in writing; they represent
verbal abilities.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

40.
(p. 315)
A group of friends decided to start their own venture capital firm with the
resources and abilities they have. Jessie is really good at applying formulas to
solve complex problems that involve numbers. She claims that she has a
photographic memory of her test book. Teddy has good analytical skills which is
the ability to consider several specific pieces of information and then reach a
more general conclusion regarding their relativity. Ralf tends to be good at
studying the past stock market data and predicting how the market fluctuations
will affect the industry. These employees believe that they can build a great future
and they are working hard toward their goals.

From the information given, it can be concluded that Jessie has a high ability in
the area of _____.

A. response orientation

B. mathematical reasoning

C. problem sensitivity

D. inductive reasoning

E. number facility
Mathematical reasoning is the ability to select the right method or formula to solve
a problem.

Blooms: Apply

41.
(p. 316)

From the information given, it can be concluded that Teddy has a high ability in
the area of _____.

A. mathematical reasoning

B. spatial reasoning

C. perceptual speed

D. verbal comprehension

E. inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning involves combining specific information to form general
conclusions. Teddy has the ability to consider several specific pieces of
information and then reach a more general conclusion regarding how those
pieces are related reflecting his high degree of inductive reasoning ability.

Blooms: Apply

42.
(p. 316)

From the information provided, Ralf can be described as having a high degree of
_____?

A. spatial orientation

B. visualization

C. response orientation

D. speed and flexibility of closure

E. originality
Speed and flexibility of closure is the ability to make sense of information and find
patterns. Ralf has the ability to perceive, understand, recall and analyze past
stock market data.

Blooms: Apply

43.
(p. 315)
The students of Holly Oak Academy always got low grades in mathematics. The
management looked into the matter and found out that though the handouts given
by the professor were extremely good, the professor was unable to convey the
steps and procedures involved. This is because the professor had _____.

A. low ability of written comprehension and high ability of oral comprehension

B. low ability of written expression and high ability of oral expression

C. high ability of written expression and low ability of oral expression

D. high ability of written comprehension and low ability of oral comprehension

E. low ability of written comprehension and high of oral comprehension
Oral expression refers to the ability to communicate ideas by speaking and written
expression refers to the ability to communicate ideas in writing. Though it might
seem that these abilities should be highly related, this is not necessarily so. In the
scenario presented, the poor performance of the students can be attributed to the
fact that the professor had high ability in terms of written expression but low ability
in terms of oral expression.

Blooms: Apply

44.
(p. 315)
Which of the following represent the components of quantitative ability?

A. Response orientation and perceptual speed

B. Spatial orientation and visualization

C. Number facility and mathematical reasoning

D. Problem sensitivity and originality

E. Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning
Quantitative ability comprises of number facility and mathematical reasoning.
Number facility refers to the ability required in performing basic math operations
quickly and correctly. Mathematical reasoning refers to selecting the right method
or formula to solve a problem.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

45.
(p. 315)
The bankers at Wall Street primarily have to choose and apply formulas to solve
problems related to the economy and the stock market. Which of the following
abilities is being reflected here?

A. Inductive reasoning

B. Emotional ability

C. Dynamic strength

D. Mathematical reasoning

E. Perceptual speed
Mathematical reasoning refers to the ability to choose and apply formulas to solve
problems that involve numbers.

Blooms: Apply

46.
(p. 315)
Which of these refers to the capability to do simple math operations?

A. Response orientation

B. Number facility

C. Problem sensitivity

D. Originality

E. Perceptual speed
Number facility is the capability to do simple math operations (adding, subtracting,
multiplying, and dividing).

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

47.
(p. 316)
An individual who has the ability to foresee an obstacle in the course of events
has a high ability in the area of _____.

A. visualization

B. problem sensitivity

C. perceptual speed

D. originality

E. mathematical reasoning
Problem sensitivity is the ability to sense that there is a problem right now or likely
to be one in the near future.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

48.
(p. 316)
Which ability refers to the use of general rules to solve problems?

A. Probabilistic reasoning

B. Deductive reasoning

C. Spatial reasoning

D. Quantitative reasoning

E. Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning refers to the use of general rules to solve problems. It is
important in any job in which people are presented with a set of facts that need to
be applied to make effective decisions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

49.
(p. 316)
A job analysis revealed that the primary skill required in applicants for a particular
job is the ability to make effective decisions based on a presented set of facts.
Which of the following types of abilities is the job analysis describing here?

A. Inductive reasoning

B. Spatial reasoning

C. Hypothetical reasoning

D. Quantitative reasoning

E. Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning, which involves the use of general rules to solve problems, is
important in any job in which people are presented with a set of facts that need to
be applied to make effective decisions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

50.
(p. 316)
Judicial systems across the world are based on certain codes of legal provisions
which are applied to individual cases. Thus, the job of a judge primarily involves
making decisions by applying these rules of law to pass verdicts which is a
function of his/her ability in the area of _____.

A. deductive reasoning


C. verbal reasoning

D. syllogistic reasoning

Deductive reasoning refers to the use of general rules to solve problems. The job
of a judge requires deductive reasoning because it centers on making decisions
by applying the rules of law to make verdicts.

Blooms: Apply

51.
(p. 316)
Alice was recently hired by a detective agency at Ohio after rounds of pre-
employment testing and interviews. The pre-employment testing showed that she
had a high ability to gather information regarding crimes, filter the unwanted
information, and finally draw the right conclusions to strengthen her case. From
the scenario, we can say that the pre-employment tests have revealed that Alice
is good at _____.

A. verbal comprehension


C. visualization

D. quantitative reasoning

Inductive reasoning refers to the ability to consider several specific pieces of
information and then reach a more general conclusion regarding how those
pieces are related. Inductive reasoning is required of police detectives and crime
scene investigators who must considering things like the tire tracks, blood splatter
patterns, fibers, and fingerprints to reach conclusions about perpetrators of crimes
and causes of death.

Blooms: Apply

52.
(p. 316)
Which of these refers to the ability to develop clever and novel ways to solve
problems?

A. Coordination

B. Flexibility

C. Originality

D. Number facility

E. Problem sensitivity
Originality refers to the ability to develop clever and novel ways to solve problems
and is important in a wide variety of occupations.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

53.
(p. 316)
_____ means having a good understanding of where one is relative to other things
in the environment.

A. Spatial orientation

B. Visualization


D. Flexibility

E. Perceptual speed
Spatial orientation refers to a good understanding of where one is relative to other
things in the environment.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

54.
(p. 316)
The two main types of spatial ability are spatial orientation and _____.

A. originality

B. flexibility of closure

C. perceptual speed

D. visualization

E. coordination
The two main types of spatial ability are spatial orientation and visualization.
Spatial orientation refers to a good understanding of where one is relative to other
things in the environment. Visualization is the ability to imagine how separate
things will look if they were put together in a particular way.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

55.
(p. 316)
Sam is a renowned interior decorator and his clients feel that he can bring into life
a dull room with minimal cost and effort. Before starting a project, Sam always
describes the changes he is going to make so the client gets a feel of what the
final changes will look like. In doing so, Sam reflects his strong ability to mix and
match different designs and create a completely new image which reflects a high
ability in the area of _____.

A. coordination

B. visualization


D. mathematical reasoning

E. perceptual speed
Visualization is the ability to imagine how separate things will look if they were put
together in a particular way.

Blooms: Apply

56.
(p. 316)
_____ ability is a diverse set of abilities associated with sensing and solving
problems using insight, rules, and logic.

A. Verbal

B. Quantitative

C. Perceptual

D. Spatial

E. Reasoning
Reasoning ability is a diverse set of abilities associated with sensing and solving
problems using insight, rules, and logic. There are four types of reasoning
abilityproblem sensitivity, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and
originality.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

57.
(p. 316)
Which of the following cognitive abilities is especially important for a range of
professional like pilots, drivers, boat captains, and photographers?

A. Reasoning ability

B. Quantitative ability

C. Spatial ability

D. Verbal ability

E. Affective ability
Spatial ability or capabilities associated with visual and mental representation and
manipulation of objects in space is important for professional like pilots, drivers,
boat captains, and photographers.

Blooms: Apply

58.
(p. 316)
_____ refers to being able to perceive, understand, and recall patterns of
information.

A. Spatial ability

B. Perceptual ability

C. Reasoning ability

D. Affective ability

E. Physical ability
Perceptual ability refers to being able to perceive, understand, and recall patterns
of information. More specifically, speed and flexibility of closure refers to being
able to pick out a pattern of information quickly in the presence of distracting
information, even without all the information present.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

59.
(p. 316)
Effectiveness in jobs in which people need to proofread documents, sort things, or
categorize objects depends a lot on _____.

A. problem sensitivity

B. perceptual speed

C. spatial orientation

D. visualization

E. originality
Perceptual speed refers to being able to examine and compare numbers, letters,
and objects quickly.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

60.
(p. 317)
The "g-factor" refers to _____.

A. gross motor facilitation

B. general cognitive ability

C. gross body equilibrium

D. gross body coordination

E. general adaptation syndrome
The most popular explanation for the similarity in the levels of different cognitive
abilities within people is that there is a general mental abilitysometimes called g
or the g factorthat underlies or causes all of the more specific cognitive abilities.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

61.
(p. 319)
_____ is a human ability that affects social functioning.

A. Reasoning ability

B. Physical ability

C. Emotional intelligence

D. Perceptual ability

E. Spatial ability
The human ability that affects social functioning, called emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence is defined in terms of four sets of distinct but related
abilities, i.e. self-awareness, other awareness, emotion regulation, and use of
emotions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 10-03 What are the various types of emotional ability?

62.
(p. 319)
Self-awareness is a(n) _____ ability.

A. cognitive

B. emotional

C. physical

D. sensory

E. intuitive
Self-awareness, which is the first type of emotional intelligence, is the appraisal
and expression of emotions in oneself.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

63.
(p. 319)
_____ refers to the ability of an individual to understand the types of emotions he
or she is experiencing, the willingness to acknowledge them, and the capability to
express them naturally.

A. Self-awareness

B. Other awareness

C. Emotion regulation

D. Use of emotion

E. Self-actualization
Self-awareness is the appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

64.
(p. 319)
Clair, the manager at Connect is a favorite among her employees because she
has the ability to recognize and understand the emotions of her peers and
subordinates. She interacts with all employees in a warm manner and is very
approachable when her employees are encountering any problems. Which of the
following characteristics does Clair possess?

A. Need for power

B. Other awareness

C. Emotion regulation

D. Emotional resilience

E. Need for achievement
Other awareness is the appraisal and recognition of emotion in others. People
who are high in this aspect of emotional intelligence are not only sensitive to the
feelings of others but also can anticipate the emotions that people will experience
in different situations.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy

65.
(p. 320)
Being able to recover quickly from emotional experiences reflects one's _____.

A. span of control

B. locus of control

C. emotion regulation

D. other awareness

E. self-awareness
Emotion regulation refers to being able to recover quickly from emotional
experiences. This aspect of emotional intelligence also applies to positive
emotions.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

66.
(p. 320)
When Ben was driving to work, a car speeded past him and its passengers began
throwing empty beer cans out of the car window. Though Ben was taken aback by
this behavior, he was able to forget the incident and had soon regained his focus
on his plan for the day. From the scenario, it can be concluded that Ben has a
high degree of _____.

A. other awareness

B. originality

C. personal distress

D. emotional regulation

E. emotional arousal
Emotion regulation refers to being able to recover quickly from emotional
experiences. This aspect of emotional intelligence also applies to positive
emotions.

Blooms: Apply

67.
(p. 321)
Which of the following types of emotional intelligence represents the degree to
which people can harness emotions and employ them to improve their chances of
being successful in their pursuits?

A. Self-awareness

B. Other awareness

C. Use of emotions

D. Emotion regulation

E. Emotion resilience
Use of emotions is one of the four aspects of emotional intelligence and it
represents the degree to which people can harness emotions and employ them to
improve their chances of being successful in their pursuits.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

68.
(p. 321)
Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence?

A. Emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence are measures of the identical
ability.

B. Emotional intelligence is a determinant of successful social functioning only.

C. Emotional intelligence is vital as it is always aligned to the organization's
values.

D. Emotional intelligence can sometimes compensate for a deficit in cognitive
intelligence.

E. Emotional intelligence focuses exclusively on understanding the emotions of
others.
In many circumstances, high emotional intelligence can compensate somewhat
for low cognitive intelligence. In other words, exceptional "people smarts" can, to
some extent, make up for deficiencies in "book smarts."

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

69.
(p. 324)
Which of the following is an assessment that asks people about behaviors and
preferences that reflect their affective abilities?

A. Wonderlic Personnel Test

B. Scholastic Aptitude Test

C. Google Labs Aptitude Test

D. Emotional Quotient Inventory

E. Differential Aptitude Test
Assessment that asks people about behaviors and preferences that are thought
to reflect emotional intelligence. One of the first tests to measure this was the
Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) which includes 133 questions.

Blooms: Understand

70.
(p. 324)
_____ refers to the degree to which the body is capable of exerting force.

A. Strength

B. Flexibility


D. Reaction time

E. Perceptual speed
Strength refers to the degree to which the body is capable of exerting force. There
are several different types of strength that are important, depending on the job.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 10-04 What are the various types of physical ability?

71.
(p. 324)
Which of the following represents the three types of strengths?

A. Fine, gross, and manipulative

B. Static, dynamic, and explosive

C. Sensory, psychomotor, and reflexive

D. Flexible, dynamic, and sensory

E. Reflexive, dynamic, and static
Strengths can be classified as static, explosive, and dynamic.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

72.
(p. 324)
Tests which measure one's ability to lift, push, or pull very heavy objects using the
hands, arms, legs, shoulders, or back are a measure of _____.

A. static strength

B. fine manipulative abilities

C. depth perception

D. response time

E. perceptual speed
Strength generally refers to the degree to which the body is capable of exerting
force. Static strength comes into play when actions such as lifting, pushing, or
pulling heavy objects are performed.

Blooms: Apply

73.
(p. 324)
Which of the following types of strengths reflects the ability to exert force for a
prolonged period of time without becoming overly fatigued?

A. Static strength

B. Dynamic strength

C. Sensory strength

D. Response strength

E. Explosive strength
Dynamic strength refers to the ability to exert force for a prolonged period of time
without becoming overly fatigued and giving out. Dynamic strength is involved in
jobs in which the person has to climb ropes or ladders or pull him- or herself up
onto platforms.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

74.
(p. 324)
Joe Smith is aiming to be the next national heavyweight champion and much of
his training is focused on preparing his body to exert short bursts of intense
strength to lift the desired weights? From the information provided, we can
conclude that this aspect of Joe's training focuses on _____.

A. control movement abilities

B. explosive strength

C. extent flexibility

D. fine manipulative abilities

E. depth perception
With explosive strength, people exert short bursts of energy to move the body or
an object. Joe is training to be a heavyweight champion and he would be required
exert large amounts of energy in short busts while lifting weights.

Blooms: Understand

75.
(p. 324)
_____ refers to the ability of a person's lungs and circulatory system to work
efficiently while he or she is engaging in prolonged physical activity.

A. Homeostasis

B. Gross body equilibrium

C. Stamina

D. Flexibility

E. Response orientation
Stamina refers to the ability of a person's lungs and circulatory system to work
efficiently while he or she is engaging in prolonged physical activity.Stamina is
involved whenever the nature of the physical activity causes the heart rate to
climb and the depth and rate of breathing to increase for prolonged periods of
time.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

76.
(p. 324)
When a job requires extreme ranges of motion, it involves a need for _____.

A. auditory recognition

B. extent flexibility

C. self-regulation

D. gross body equilibrium

E. explosive strength
When a job requires extreme ranges of motion the type of flexibility involved is
called extent flexibility.

Blooms: Apply

77.
(p. 324)
Which of the following is difference between dynamic flexibility and extent
flexibility?

A. Dynamic flexibility is required over short periods of time, while extent flexibility
is required in jobs spread over a longer period of time.

B. Dynamic flexibility involves fine motor movements, while extent flexibility
requires gross motor movements.

C. Dynamic flexibility is a type of physical ability, while extent flexibility is a type of
sensory ability.

D. Dynamic flexibility is seen in jobs that require repeated and quick bends, while
extent flexibility is seen when a job requires extreme ranges of motion.

E. Dynamic flexibility is the quality of physical movement, while extent flexibility
refers to the recognition of different sensory modalities.
Extent flexibility is the degree of bending, stretching, and twisting of body, arms,
and legs. Dynamic flexibility is the speed of bending, stretching, and twisting of
body, arms, and legs.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

78.
(p. 324)
When a job requires repeated and quick bends, stretches, twists, or reaches, the
type of flexibility involved is called _____ flexibility.

A. sensory

B. dynamic

C. extent

D. control

E. circulatory
Dynamic flexibility is the speed of bending, stretching, and twisting of body, arms,
and legs.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

79.
(p. 324)
The ability to synchronize the movements of the body, arms, and legs to do
something while the whole body is in motion is defined as _____.

A. perceptual speed

B. gross body coordination

C. sensory abilities

D. control movement abilities

E. fine manipulative abilities
Gross body coordination involves coordinating movement of body, arms, and legs
in activities that involve all three together.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

80.
(p. 324)
The ability to maintain the balance of the body in unstable contexts or while
changing directions refers to _____.

A. homeostasis

B. gross body equilibrium

C. extent flexibility

D. gross body coordination

E. dynamic flexibility
Gross body equilibrium involves the ability to maintain the balance of the body in
unstable contexts or when the person has to change directions. Gross body
equilibrium is important when the work environment is artificially elevated and
inherently unstable.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

81.
(p. 324)
Athletes who walk on balance beams or ropes must display a high degree of
_____.

A. gross body equilibrium

B. visualization

C. perceptual speed

D. visual color discrimination

E. homeostasis
Gross body equilibrium involves the ability to maintain the balance of the body in
unstable contexts or when the person has to change directions.

Blooms: Apply

82.
(p. 324)
Which of the following is a physical ability?

A. Self-regulation.

B. Visualization.

C. Sensory abilities.

D. None of these.

E. Spatial orientation.
Strength, stamina, flexibility & coordination, psychomotor abilities, and sensory
abilities, are the types of physical abilities identified in the text.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

83.
(p. 326)
Mark is one of the most skilled employees at Hourly Watch which is a wristwatch
manufacturing company that believes in preserving the traditional art of making
watches by hand. Being an expert, he can often be seen handling screwdrivers
and tweezers making intricate designs and fitting in parts. This reflects Mark's
ability in the area of _____.

A. gross body coordination

B. fine manipulative movements

C. spatial orientation

D. perceptual speed

E. depth perception
Fine manipulative abilities refer to keeping the hand and arm steady while
grasping, manipulating, and assembling small objects. Refer Table 10-2 on page
354 in the text.
Refer To: Table 10-2

Blooms: Apply

84.
(p. 327)
Sensory ability refers to:

A. the ability to quickly respond to signaling information after it occurs.

B. the capabilities associated with vision and hearing.

C. the ability to synchronize the movements of the body, arms, and legs to do
something while the whole body is in motion.

D. the ability of the body to bend, stretch, twist, and reach.

E. the ability choose the right action quickly in response to several different
signals.
Sensory ability refers to capabilities associated with vision and hearing.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

85.
(p. 327)
The visual ability that helps one see things in low light contexts is called _____.

A. near vision

B. far vision

C. night vision

D. visual color discrimination

E. depth perception
The visual ability that helps one see things in low light contexts is called night
vision.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy

86.
(p. 327)
Which of the following is the ability that reflects how quickly an individual
responds to signaling information after it occurs?

A. Reaction time

B. Perceptual speed

C. Response orientation

D. Hearing sensitivity

E. Depth perception
This ability reflects how quickly an individual responds to signaling information
after it occurs.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

87.
(p. 327)
The ability to judge relative distances between things accurately is called _____.

A. near and far vision

B. depth perception


D. visualization

E. visual color discrimination
The ability to judge relative distances between things accurately is called depth
perception.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

88.
(p. 327)
Blue Wings Airlines is hiring new pilots. One of the key selection criteria for
potential candidates is the ability to choose the right action quickly in response to
several different signals and the ability to respond quickly to signaling information
after it occurs. The selection criteria indicate that to be selected, a candidate must
have the two psychomotor abilities of:

A. perceptual speed and extent flexibility.

B. number facility and response orientation abilities.

C. response orientation and low response time.

D. visualization and gross motor coordination.

E. control movement abilities and originality.
The ability to choose the right action quickly in response to several different
signals is called response orientation. Response time ability reflects how quickly
an individual responds to signaling information after it occurs.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

89.
(p. 327)
The ability to identify and understand the words spoken by another person is
called _____.

A. hearing sensitivity

B. written expression

C. speech recognition

D. auditory attention

E. oral expression
Depth perception is the judgment of relative distances.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

90.
(p. 327)
The ability to hear and discriminate sounds that vary in terms of loudness and
pitch is called _____.

A. auditory attention

B. hearing sensitivity


D. verbal comprehension

E. oral expression
Hearing sensitivity refers to hearing differences in sounds that vary in terms of
pitch and loudness.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

91.
(p. 327)
Being able to focus on a single sound in the presence of many other sounds is
termed as _____.

A. auditory attention

B. problem sensitivity


D. depth perception

E. verbal comprehension
Auditory attention is the ability to focus on the source of a sound in the presence
of other sources.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

92.
(p. 327)
Which of the following is a psychomotor ability?

A. Night vision

B. Auditory attention


D. Speech recognition

E. Depth perception
Night vision, auditory attention, speech recognition, and depth perception are
types of sensory abilities. Response orientation is a type of psychomotor ability.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

93.
(p. 327)
Which of the following is a sensory ability?

A. Response time

B. Fine manipulative abilities


D. Control movement abilities

E. Depth perception
Response time, fine manipulative abilities, response orientation, and control
movement are types of psychomotor abilities. Depth perception is a type of
sensory ability.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

94.
(p. 328)
_____ is a strong predictor of task performance.

A. Emotional ability

B. General cognitive ability

C. Spatial ability

D. Psychomotor ability

E. Sensory ability
General cognitive ability has a strong positive effect on task performance.
Refer To: Figure 10-4 on page 357

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 10-05 How does cognitive ability affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Ability?

95.
(p. 328-
329)
The effects of general cognitive ability on job performance are most pronounced
in the area of _____.

A. administrative skills

B. managerial capabilities

C. task performance

D. interpersonal functioning

E. affective commitment
General cognitive ability is a strong predictor of job performancein particular,
the task performance aspect. General cognitive ability has no effect on affective
commitment.
Refer To: 10-4

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

96.
(p. 329)
People who have _____ ability tend to be better at learning and decision making.

A. higher general cognitive

B. higher emotional

C. higher interpersonal

D. higher physical

E. higher motivational
People who have higher general cognitive ability tend to be better at learning and
decision making as they are able to gain more knowledge from their experiences
at a faster rate, and as a result, they develop a bigger pool of knowledge
regarding how to do their jobs effectively.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

97.
(p. 329)
Which of the following is true with regard to testing of general cognitive ability?

A. The EQ-i is a widely used test of general cognitive ability.

B. The testing of general cognitive ability is unaffected by variables such as poor
socio-economic status.

C. The testing of general cognitive ability in academic contexts, through tests like
SAT and GMAT, is a valid measure of predicted success.

D. Assessment of general cognitive ability also reveals the higher levels of
organizational commitment and citizenship behavior seen in individuals with
high cognitive ability.

E. The results of testing general mental ability are not influenced by a deficit in
learning opportunities.
The SAT is actually good at predicting college performance. Students with higher
SAT scores tend to perform much better in their first year of college, end up with a
higher cumulative grade point average, and have a higher likelihood of
graduating. The same finding applies to predicting success in graduate-level
school through the Graduate Management Admission Test as well.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

98.
(p. 329)
Which of the following is true regarding individuals with high cognitive ability?

A. Individuals with high cognitive ability are not significantly better than others at
task performance.

B. Individuals with high cognitive ability also have significantly higher levels of
organizational commitment than other employees.

C. Testing to select employees with high cognitive abilities is widely discouraged
and avoided as it discriminates between people.

D. The relationship between high cognitive ability and task performance is
observed in the academic context involving students as well.

E. High cognitive ability tends to be equally correlated with the variables of task
performance, citizenship behavior, and counterproductive behavior.
Many organizations assess cognitive ability in efforts to select the best candidates
available for specific jobs. The use of cognitive ability tests for this purpose
appears to be quite reasonable, given that scores on such tests have a strong
positive correlation with measures of performance across different types of jobs.
In fact, this relationship holds even for performance in academic contexts.

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember

99.
(p. 330)
High cognitive ability has a strong correlation with:

A. increased citizenship behaviors like helping a colleague.

B. increased counterproductive behaviors like breaking office rules.

C. increased affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the
organization.

D. increased task performance, especially in complex and demanding jobs.

E. increased physical stamina and interpersonal functioning.
There is a positive correlation between cognitive ability and task performance; this
correlation is even stronger in jobs that are complex or situations that demand
adaptability.

Blooms: Understand

100.
(p. 330)
Which of the following is one of the most widely used cognitive ability tests?

A. Wonderlic Personnel Test

B. Keirsey Temperament Sorter

C. Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

D. NEO Five-factor Inventory

E. Myers-Briggs Type Inventory
The Wonderlic Personnel Test is a 12-minute test of general cognitive ability that
consists of 50 questions.

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Chapter 7

Multiple Choice Questions

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