Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Τα πετρελαιοειδή στο θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον. Επιπτώσεις στις βιοκοινωνίες. Αντιμετώπιση.
Τα πετρελαιοειδή στο θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον. Επιπτώσεις στις βιοκοινωνίες. Αντιμετώπιση.
Τα πετρελαιοειδή στο θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον. Επιπτώσεις στις βιοκοινωνίες. Αντιμετώπιση.
.
. .
: 50
5
: 90764
: 10/05/2014
1. ............................................................................................................................... 2
1.1. - ............................................................................................... 2
1.2. () ................... 3
1.3. ...................... 5
1.4.
........................................................................................................... 7
2. ............................................................................................................................. 8
3. ........................................................................................................ 10
4. .................................................................................................................... 15
5. ........................................................................................... 17
1 18
50/_5/.
1.
1.1. -
( ).
() .
.
. ,
, , ,
(, 2013).
,
: , , ,
. 140
(, 1992).
4-26 .
: 1)
(CnH2n+2) , 2) (CnH2n)
, 3) (CnHn)
, 4) (
500).
(, et al., 2004).
:
,
,
:
( ): ,
( , ).
2 18
50/_5/.
II ( ): (gas-oil,
diesel-oil), ( ),
(gas-oil, diesel-oil),
( )
, (gas-oil, diesel-oil),
,
, .
III ( ): (fuel-oil),
(vacuum gas-oil).
IV: .
V ( - LPG): , .
VI: , .
. ( , 2002) ( , 2005)
(, et al., 2004).
1.2. ()
, (92.5%)
, ,
(, et al., 2004).
(, et al., 2004):
. ,
3 18
50/_5/.
. ,
, ,
. ,
'
.
, '
.
.
, )
(, 2013).
,
1,
12%
.
1: : (International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 2000)
4 18
50/_5/.
1.3.
,
.
, ,
:
, (spreading,
evaporation, dispersion). ,
12
,
.
40% 4
12 . ,
.
(emulsification and tar lumps)
.
,
,
.
,
,
. ,
,
( , , ).
5 18
50/_5/.
,
(chemical bio-degradation and sedimentation).
,
,
.
( & , 1988).
(.. )
.
, ,
, .. , ,
.
. ,
(, 1988).
6 18
50/_5/.
1.4.
,
.
(Wang & Fingas, 2003) (, et al., 2004).
(GC),
/ (GC/MS),
(HPLC), (IR),
(SFC),
(TLC),
(UV) ,
(Wang & Fingas, 2003).
(GC).
( GC-MS),
(PAH )
(Wang & Fingas, 2003). ,
,
7 18
50/_5/.
2.
.
, .
.
,
. ,
(, 2008).
.
.
.
, ,
(,
et al., 2005).
,
,
(, 2000).
,
, ,
,
(, et al., 2004).
,
,
.
8 18
50/_5/.
.
.
.
,
. ,
(Greenpeace
International, 2006).
. ,
.
( ..
).
9 18
50/_5/.
,
. , ,
,
.
, Exxon Valdez ,
,
.
,
,
( & , 2000).
3.
.
:
.
.
(, 2010) (, 2005)..
. .
:
1. Booming and Skimming:
.
.
10 18
50/_5/.
2. :
.
.
3. : .
.
.
4. :
.
.
5. Sediment relocation and Tilling:
(tilling)
.
.
6. :
,
.
(, 2010) (,
2005)..
11 18
50/_5/.
.
.
:
1. :
,
.
.
2. A :
.
3. :
.
4. Surface Film Chemicals:
(, 2010) (,
2005).
,
,
.
12 18
50/_5/.
(secondary
treatment options) .
"
" (Office of Technology Assessment, 1991).
.
:
o (bioaugmentation),
,
o (biostimulation),
, /
(..
(surf-washing),
, ..) (, 2010) (, 2005).
:
o
o
o ,
o
o
o
o
13 18
50/_5/.
o .
:
o
o
o
o
(, 2010).
(CleanMag)
,
.
.
, ,
6 10 .
,
,
, .
:
,
. CleanMag ,
.
,
14 18
50/_5/.
4.
(, et al., 2004)
(, 2013) (International Petroleum Industry
Environmental Conservation Association, 2000).
. (..
)
.
, .
.
.
,
, URS New
Zealand ltd. (Risk Assessment Plan)
(Maritime Safety Authority of
New Zealand).
(URS ew ealand, 2004)
. ,
.
,
.
15 18
50/_5/.
,
, ,
.
16 18
50/_5/.
5.
Greenpeace International, 2006. .
[]
Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/greece/Global/greece/report/2006/8/591349.pdf
[ 3 5 2014].
International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 2000. A guide to
contingency planning for oil spills on water. IPIECA REPORT SERIES, Volume 2.
International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation, 2009. TOPF Handbook 2009/10 The
International Tanker Owner Pollution Federation Limited. s.l.:s.n.
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanogaphic Commission, 1984. Manual for Monitoring Oil and
Dissolved/Dispersed Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Waters and on Beaches, Procedures
for the Petroleum Component of the IOC Monitoring System (MARPOLMON P). Manuals
and Guides, pp. 1-20.
Office of Technology Assessment, 1991. Bioremediation of Marine Oil Spills: An Analysis of
Oil Spill Response Technologies. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
URS ew ealand, 2004. Risk Assessment Plan, s.l.: URS ew ealand.
Wang, Z. & Fingas, M., 2003. Development of oil hydrocarbon fingerprinting and
identification techniques. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Issue 47, p. 423452.
Wang, Z., Fingas, M. & Page, D., 1999. Oil spill identification. Journal of Chromatography A.
Wikimedia Commons, n.d. Birds killed as a result of oil from the Exxon Valdez spill. Photo
courtesy of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. [Online]
Available at:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/EVOSWEB_013_oiled_bird3.
jpg/320px-EVOSWEB_013_oiled_bird3.jpg
[Accessed 3 5 2014].
, 2002. . 3054/2002 ( 230 ') -
. s.l.: .
, 2005. . 3423/2005 - ( 304 ') -
. s.l.: .
17 18
50/_5/.
, . ., 2004. .
50/4 . : .
, ., 2000. , . ' . :
Gutenberg.
, . . ., 2008. :
. : ,
.
, ., , ., , . & , . ., 2005.
. : .
, ., 2013. :
. Chania: ,
.
, . ., 2010. :
. : , .
, ., n.d. CleanMag - Oil Spill Technology. []
Available at: http://www.cleanmag.gr
[ 3 5 2014].
, ., 2005. :
. :
, .
, ., 1992. :
. : .
, ., 1988. - ,
, . : & .
, . & , ., 2000. . []
Available at: http://www.tovima.gr/relatedarticles/article/?aid=125760
[ 3 5 2014].
, . & , ., 1988. . : University
Studio Press.
18 18
50/_5/.