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Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
ME415: Computational Fluid Dynamics & Heat Transfer
Assignment # 1: Essentials of Numerical Methods for CFD
Instructor: Prof. Atul Sharma,
Date Posted: 15/01/2014 Due Date: 26/01/14
ONLINE SUBMISSION THROUH MOODLE ONL! "No #ate su$%&ss&o' a##o(ed): Create a
single zipped file consisting on (a) filled-in answer sheet of this doc file converted into a pdf file and
(b) all the computer programs. The name of the zipped file should be rollnumber_A
Note: !efer http"##www.spo$entutorial.org#list_videos%view&'foss&(cilab'language&)nglish* for getting started to
(C+,A- which should be used for programming as well as generating graphical results. To save figure" .o to /.raphic
window number0* clic$ on /1ile0* then clic$ on /)2port to0* select /3indows -4P image0 in the /1iles of t5pe0.
4a$e sure to save the file in the same location where 5ou have this file. 4ore details are given in the ne2t page6 after
the problems. Problem as well as answer sheet are provided below.
. So#ut&o' o* L+Es" 1inite difference method based discretization of one-dimensional stead5-state
heat conduction problem (in a domain of length 1m with end temperatures of 0
0
C and 100
0
C)
results in a tridiagonal matri2 given - for uniforml5 spaced 7 grid points - as
8
9
:
;
8 < < 9<
8 < <
< 8 <
< < 8 <<
T
T
T
T




=

Calculate the temperature at interior grid points (T
i
* i&8-;) using
(a) Tridiagonal matri2 algorithm
(b) =acobi +teration
(c) .auss-(iedel +teration
1or (b) and (c)* calculate the temperature for onl5 8 iterations using an initial guess of 65
0
C.
Thereafter* develop a computer program for all the three methods to compute the temperature.
4a$e sure that the calculated results matches with the computed results (for (b) and (c)* run the
code for 8 iterations onl5). 1inall5* run for a convergence criteria of 10
-3
and compare the number
of iterations re>uired in (b) and (c) for convergence using an initial guess of (i) 9<
0
, (ii) <<
0
C and
(iii) 65
0
C.
8. So#ut&o' o* PDEs" 1D Stead, State Heat -o'du.t&o'
?evelop a computer program for a finite difference method based solution of ? stead5 state heat
conduction e>uation* using .auss-(eidel method. Consider ? conduction in a thin (thic$ness of 1 m
in x-direction) and long steel plate (densit5" @@;< $g#m9* specific-heat" ;<< =#Ag A* thermal-
conductivit5" 7.8 3#m-A). The plate is ta$en from a furnace at a temperature of ;<
<
C (initial-
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condition) and is subBected to various thermal boundar5 conditions and volumetric heat generation6
shown in a table below.
!un the code for four different boundar5-conditions (Cases)* given as"
Cases -oundar5 Conditions Columetric Deat
.eneration (3#m
9
)
,eft !ight
A 0
0
C 100
0
C <
- 100
0
C
h=100W/m
2
.K, T

=30
0
C
<
C 0
0
C 100
0
C 30,000
? 100
0
C
h=100W/m
2
.K, T

=30
0
C
30,000
Ta$e the ma2imum number of grid points in 2-and 5-direction as imax=11 and convergence criteria as
<.<<<<<.
!eport the results as
a) Plot the stead5 state temperature profiles for the different cases (: figures).
b) ?iscuss the effect of volumetric heat generation on the results for both the t5pes of -Cs.
9. So#ut&o' o* PDEs" 1D U'stead, State Heat -o'du.t&o'
(olve the previous problem after developing a computer program for a finite difference method based
solution of ? unstead5 state heat conduction e>uation* using e2plicit method. Ese stabilit5 criterion to
calculate the time-step. 1or all the four cases* if the time re>uired to reach stead5 state is t
s
* draw an
overlap plot of the temperature profile at time instant t& t
s
#:* t
s
#8* 9t
s
#: and t
s
.

:. Nu%e/&.a# D&**e/e't&at&o': Consider a 8? heat conduction in a s>uare plate of dimension m*
subBected to boundar5 conditions shown in of the lecture slide for this topic. .rid is generated b5
the intersection of e>ui-spaced horizontal and vertical lines resulting in a grid size of 1111. The
temperature distribution near the bottom plate is shown in a lecture slide. (tore the tabular data in a
data file and develop a computer program to compute local heat flu2 (q
y
(x)) in the bottom wall b5 +*
++ and +++ order one-sided differentiation formula. Present 5our result in a tabular form. 1inall5*
draw an overlap plot for the variation of the local heat flu2 with increasing x corresponding to
various order of differentiation.
;. Nu%e/&.a# I'te0/at&o'" 1or the problem discussed above* store the results in a data file and
develop a program to obtain the total rate of heat transfer from the bottom wall (
<.F
<.
( )
y
Q q x dx =

)
using (a) trapezoidal rule (b) (impsonGs #9rd rule. Present 5our result in the tabular form.
HIT)" CI?) )J)CET+IH +H (C+,A-
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To o2e' a Scilab console "
,inu2" ApplicationsKProgrammingK(cilab or ApplicationsK(cienceK(cilab
3indows" (tartKAll programsK(cilabK(cilab.e2e
To #oad a sou/.e .ode (or a Scinot file)"
+n the (cilab console* go to top menu bar
1ileKIpen a fileLK(-rowse for the M.sci file path)
The source code opens in a new Scinot window.
NOTE: Ince this window is open* subse>uent loading of a new M.sci file will open a new tab in
the same Scinot window.
To e3e.ute a 2/o0/a% (/&tte' &' Scinote "
+n the (cinote window (with the desired program tab open)* go to top menu bar
)2ecuteKLfile with no echo (please do not select Lfile with echo)
The e2ecution begins in the Sci!a" conso! window.
NOTE: O'#, o'e Scilab .ode .a' $e e3e.uted at a t&%e. Ince an e2ecute command is given
and the code is to be stopped at an intermediate stage* use the method given below. +f another e2ecute
command is given without completing#aborting the previous run* erroneous results ma5 be produced.
To a$o/t a /u''&'0 2/o0/a% "
.o to the Sci!a" conso! window and press -TRL4-. This interrupts the code e2ecution. A prompt
appears as$ing for user input. )nter /abort0 here to stop the code e2ecution.
Answer Sheet
BEST O5 LU-6
Aeep Pla5ing with the IP)H-(IE!C) Codes (#$!o%# "y &'. (ishsh )**a'+a!,
,n#' th S,%'$ision o- .'. )t,! Sha'ma, //T 0om"ay) in 1uture also.
MULTIPLE S-INOTE T+BS
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Problem N " So#ut&o' o* L+Es
Problem N 8" So#ut&o' o* PDEs" 1D Stead, State Heat -o'du.t&o'
a) Plot the stead5-state temperature profile (T(x)) for the different cases (: figures).
Table .." Comparison of calculated and computed temperature distribution with T?4A algorithm and
first two iterative results of =acobi as well as .auss-(eidel iteration
Te%2
-a#.u#ated -o%2uted
T?4A
=acobi .(MM
T?4A
=acobi .(MM
1
st
&t/7
2
'd
&t/7
1
st
&t/7 2
'd
&t/7
1
st
&t/7
2
'd
&t/7
1
st
&t/7 2
'd
&t/7
T
2
:: :@.; :@.; :@.; :9.8; :: :@.; :@.; :@.; :9.8;
T
1
;O 7; ;7.8; ;7.8; ;.O@; ;O 7; ;7.8; ;7.8; ;.O@;
T
4
@8 7; @9.@; 7<.78; 77.<F9@ @8 7; @9.@; 7<.78; 77.<F9@
T
5
O7 O8.; O8.; O<.98 O9.<:7O O7 O8.; O8.; O<.98 O9.<:7O
Table .8." Humber of iterations re>uired for convergence of =acobi and .auss-(eidel iteration for
three different initial conditions.
S8 No8
I'&t&a# -o'd&t&o'
No8 o* Ite/at&o's
9a.o$& S77
18 10
o
- 47 25
28 60
o
- 44 21
18 100
o
- 47 24
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b) ?iscuss the effect of volumetric heat generation on the results for both the t5pes of -Cs.
Problem N 9" So#ut&o' o* PDEs" 1D U'stead, State Heat -o'du.t&o'
a) Plot the transient as well as stead5-state temperature profile (T(x)) for the different cases (: figures).
Answer-.Columetric Deat generation is responsible for parabolic profile of temperature in each
case.8.Columetric Deat generation increases the heat flu2 coming out from right face and after
appl5ing convective boundar5 condition*the temperature at the right face is obtained.this
temperature is much greater then that of temperature without heat generation.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
1ig. ." (tead5 state temperature profile T(x) in the ? domain for (a) Case A* (b) Case -*
(c) Case C and (d) Case ?
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Problem N :" Nu%e/&.a# D&**e/e't&at&o'
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
1ig. .8" Iverlapped temperature profile T(x) in the ? domain for (a) Case A* (b) Case -* (c) Case C
and (d) Case ?* at four different time instants t& t
s
#:* t
s
#8* 9t
s
#: and t
s
(stead5 state time instant).
1ig. .9" Iverlapped plot for the variation of the local heat flu2* with increasing x1 corresponding to
various order of differentiation.
Table .9." ,ocal heat flu2 (q
y
(x)) at the bottom wall computed b5 +* ++ and +++ order one-sided
differentiation formula.
3 :
081 % 082 % 081 % 084 % 085 % 086 % 087 % 08; % 08< %
=
,
"3): I O/de/
:7< 88< O< < -@< -9< -8<< -9<< -;<<
=
,
"3): II
O/de/
7; 8O< << ; -7; -9; -88< -9;< -7;<
=
,
"3): III
O/de/
7O.@ 8F7.@ F7.@ O.9 -7; -9O.9 -887.@ -979.9 >@7.@
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Problem N ;" Nu%e/&.a# I'te0/at&o'
Table .:." Total rate of heat transfer from the bottom wall using (a) trapezoidal rule (b) (impsonGs
#9rd rule.
I'te0/at&o' Ru#e >>>? T/a2e@o&da# S&%2so'As 1/1
B " us&'0 =
,
"3): I O/de/ ) >42 >42
B " us&'0 =
,
"3): II O/de/) >1<825 > 1;8;11111
B " us&'0 =
,
"3): III O/de/) > 1<8<16667 > 1<8055556