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I S S U E 1 V O L U M E 1 S U M M E R 1 9 9 7
Focus On Boston
Heatcraft Commercial Products has built an
industry-wide reputation as a supplier who meets
the demands of its customers. We custom build
guaranteed to fit replacement coils according to
original specifications and we can ship them in as little
as 48 hours. Thats a guarantee we strive to maintain,
explains Commercial Products Sales and Marketing
Manager Mark Lein. Recently, the Heatcraft guarantee
paid off for Richard Maloney of Air Control Products in
Boston, Massachusetts.
ONE BEACON STREET
Installing Contractor: Performance Piping
When the chilled water system responsible for
cooling One Beacon Street in Boston needed a major
retrofit of cooling coils, the management company had
one major concern minimizing the inconvenience to
the buildings tenants.
One Beacon Street is a 40-story high-rise located
just a stones throw away from the Bull and Finch Pub,
the setting for the long-running television show, Cheers.
Over 1000 employees go to work in the building each
day, so it was vital that the cooling system was
overhauled after hours.
Ken Grant who works for One Beacon Streets
management company, The R.M. Bradley Company,
contacted the local Heatcraft representative, Richard
Maloney of Air Control Products, to do the job. Grant
was concerned that the piping connected to the original
coils would need to be reworked before the new
replacement coils would fit into the system a common
occurrence when replacing coils. Grant worried this
would be a major factor in the time needed to retrofit
the system. So he felt the replacement of the coils should
be done in stages.
His first order, consisting of eight Heatcraft coils,
was delivered in time for the installation which was
scheduled after working hours. The first installation went
very smoothly. The Heatcraft coils were a true made to
fit replacement eliminating the need for the installing
contractor to modify the piping and sheet metal.
Our experience with Heatcraft and Richard
Maloney was so positive, we decided to speed up the
replacement of all the coils over 40, said Grant. The
job was originally scheduled to occur over a period of
two years but was actually completed in 12 months.
The remaining coils were built and installed with no
complaints from the management company or from
the residents. One Beacon Street is now one cool place.
ONE BEACON STREET
MECHANI CAL ROOM AT ONE BEACON STREET
1
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Welcome!
Welcome readers! We hope you enjoy the first
issue of The Fin Press, a bi-annual newsletter published
for Heatcrafts Commercial Products customers. In
addition to other interesting news, this issue features
two cases studies about some interesting applications
in Boston and an article about reducing galvanic
corrosion.
Please note the Coil Clinic reply card on page seven.
The Coil Clinic can answer your service or maintenance
questions. If you have a question, concern or comment
simply write the questions down and drop the card in
the mail. Your question will be routed to the appropriate
professional and answers to selected questions will be
published. If you would like your question published in
the next issue be sure and return your reply card by July 11.
Congratulations go to Mark Hartman of Breck-Mar
Sales and Service in Ottowa, Ontario. He thought of the
winning publication name, The Fin Press. As well as
industry fame, Mark and his colleagues received fifty
Heatcraft mouse pads printed with metric conversions
for his efforts.
French Named
Heatcraft Inc.
President and COO
Lennox International Inc., Heatcrafts parent
company, recently announced Ed French will take on
the assignment as President and COO of Heatcraft Inc.,
in addition to his role as President and COO of
Armstrong Air Conditioning Inc. Ultimately, French will
relinquish the Armstrong position and move his full
attention to Heatcraft.
John W. Norris, Jr., Lennox International Chairman
of the Board and CEO explained that Lennox
Internationals move into the world markets with the
formation of Lennox Global Ltd. (LGL) has been
tremendously successful. It has grown so rapidly that
our initial plan to have the President and COO of LGL,
Bob Jenkins, retain the Heatcraft president role cannot
continue. In trying to determine what to do, we found
ourselves perched on the real dilemma of doing whats
best for both Armstrong and Heatcraft. In the end, Eds
deep refrigeration experience makes him our obvious
choice to head Heatcraft, said Norris. At the moment
we have not selected the next leader of Armstrong and,
until we do, Ed will be both the President and COO of
Armstrong and the President and COO of Heatcraft.
French is no stranger to Heatcraft. Before joining
Armstrong as President and COO in 1995, he served as
Vice President and General Manager of Heatcrafts
Refrigeration Products Division, where he was
responsible for all operations. The division
manufactures and markets commercial refrigeration
products under the Climate Control, Chandler, Larkin
and BOHN brand names.
With over $1.3 billion in sales worldwide, Lennox
International Inc. is the parent of four independently
operated subsidiaries: Heatcraft Inc. Lennox Industries
Inc., Armstrong Air Conditioning Inc. and Lennox
Global Ltd.
ED FRENCH, HEATCRAFT I NC. PRESI DENT AND COO
2
THE WORLD TRADE CENTER
Installing Contractor: Commonwealth Heating and
Air Conditioning.
Bostons World Trade Centers main hall is booked
year-round for conventions, trade shows and special
events. Therefore, maintaining a comfortable inside
temperature is a priority for the facilitys management
company, Balco Technical & Energy (BTE).
Last July, when Bostons temperatures soared into
the nineties, the temperatures inside the World Trade
Center were also soaring out of comfort range. After
inspecting the facilitys water cooled condensing units, it
was discovered that four of the units had leaking coils.
The original bare tube coils installed in the units were
bent and leaking, (bare tube coils are built without
fins or casings). The cooling system needed a total of 16
replacement coils.
First, BTE called the original equipment
manufacturer of the units to acquire the replacement
coils they needed. But BTE wanted to strengthen the
replacement coils and requested the new coils be
redesigned and built with casings. The coils face area of
30 x 70 needed a casing to support and increase the
rigidity of the coils, which in turn would increase the life
cycle of the coils. The original manufacturer was unable
to build the replacement coils to the new specifications.
Next, BTE called Richard Maloney at Air Control
Products. After inspecting the units, Maloney explained
Heatcraft could manufacture the coils and recom-
mended the casing be constructed with stainless steel
which would support the coils and resist corrosion.
Since The World Trade Center is almost constantly
booked with shows and events, the window of
opportunity to install the coils was very small. Because
the replacement coils did have to be redesigned with a
casing, BTE decided to order and install only one set of
four coils to ensure they would fit and operate
effectively before ordering the remaining 12 coils.
Maloney notified Heatcraft to schedule the delivery of
the coils to arrive on a Friday. Installation was set for the
following Saturday when the convention
hall happened to be vacant. The coils fit perfectly,
performed up to BTEs expectation and Maloney was
given the go-ahead to immediately place the order for
the additional 12 replacement coils.
F O C U S O N B O S T O N c o n t i n u e d
UNI T WHERE COI LS ARE BEI NG I NSTALLED
THE WORLD TRADE CENTER BOSTON
CRANE LI FTI NG COI L I NTO UNI T
3
Heatcraft Introduces
Stainless Steel and
Carbon Steel Coils
Heatcraft Commercial Products has expanded their
product offering for the OEM, industrial processing and
replacement markets by incorporating stainless and
carbon steel tubes and fins into their existing line of
coils. The combination of copper, cupro-nickel, stainless
steel or carbon steel tubes with fins made of stainless
steel, carbon steel, copper or aluminum ensures
customers can have their coil of choice.
CONSTRUCTI ON Each coil utilizes all welded
construction. Hairpin tube construction will be used
whenever possible eliminating unnecessary joints. Heavy
pipe connections and headers are also completely
welded. ASME Section-II listed materials, calculated to
Section-VIII requirements, apply to all pressure holding
components used in the construction. All the coils are
leak-tested using 500 psig air under warm water for
steam coils and 350 psig for all other coils.
QUALI TY Heatcraft is a certified and registered ISO-
9002 manufacturer guaranteeing manufacturing
processes which set the standard for quality and
durability. Our dedicated manufacturing processes
assure coils are being produced under the strictest
guidelines and guarantee the finest quality industrial
duty coil available.
Using a combination of copper, cupro-nickel,
stainless steel or carbon steel tubes with fins made of
stainless steel, carbon steel, copper or aluminum, coils
can be designed to meet most any application. Below
are some examples:
LI QUI D HEATI NG & COOLI NG Applications
where systems use brine type heating and cooling fluids,
where systems are exposed to high temperature or pressure
or where there is a corrosive environment.
EVAPORATOR Applications for direct expansion
or liquid pump over-feed. Coils are designed and
manufactured for current and CFC replacement
refrigerants as well as ammonia. The coils feature all
welded construction.
STEAM High pressure applications where copper or
cupro-nickel is unacceptable. The coils are designed to
give excellent service in corrosive air side environments
as well as systems where poor quality steam is present.
Typical industries where carbon and stainless steel
coils are used are: processing plants, cold storage, power
plants, test chambers and clean rooms.
Steam, liquid heating, cooling and refrigeration
coils are custom designed to meet customer
specifications. Whether the application requires a coil
that is resistant to corrosive environments, easy to
maintain or simply long lasting, Heatcraft can now
provide the customer with their coil of choice.
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STAI NLESS/CARBON STEEL COI L
N E W P R O D U C T S
4
Controlling
Galvanic Corrosion
BY PAUL J. GUARIGLIA
APPLICATIONS ENGINEER, COMMERCIAL COILS
Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar
metals or alloys are in contact in the presence of an
electrolyte. The key word to keep in mind about
corrosion is rate. Nearly all metals corrode in natural
environments. Factors ranging from the environment
where the equipment will be installed to the type of
tube connections, ferrous (carbon steel) or non-ferrous
(copper or brass), can affect the rate at which metals
corrode. Proper coil selections can be made only after
the environment where the coil will be operating is
completely understood.
THE GALVANI C SERI ES Dissimilar metals
coupled together in an electrolyte (a solution through
which an electric current can flow) possess a difference
in electrical potential or voltage. The difference is related
in the galvanic series (see Table 1). Note that the galvanic
series has two ends one end is the anodic or least noble
and the other is the cathodic or most noble. In an
electrolyte, the anodic end will corrode or dissolve into
metal ions and electrons. The cathodic end will not
corrode. A common battery operates on the same
principle. As the battery is used, the anode corrodes and
over time the battery becomes ineffective.
The further apart the metals and alloys are listed
from each other in the galvanic series, the greater the
electrical potential. The greater the electrical potential,
the greater the likelihood substantial galvanic corrosion
will occur. For example, copper and carbon steel are
separated by several metals listed in the galvanic series,
so it is assumed choosing a carbon steel connection on a
copper header would be a poor choice not necessarily.
The position of metals in the galvanic series is not
enough to determine whether corrosion will occur at a
rate which will shorten the normal life cycle of a coil or
the connection material. Several additional factors
influence galvanic corrosion such as relative areas of the
galvanic materials, composition of the electrolyte and the
presence of oxygen.
Corroded end (anodic or least noble)
Magnesium
Magnesium alloys
Zinc
Aluminum 1100
Cadmium
Aluminum 2017
Steel or iron
Cast iron
Chromium-iron (active)
Ni-Resist
18-8 chromium-nickel-iron (active)
18-8-3 chromium-nickel-
molybdenum-iron (active)
Lead-tin solders
Lead
Tin
Nickel (active)
Inconel (active)
Hastelloy C (active)
Brass
Copper
Bronzes
Copper-nickel alloys
Monel
Silver solder
Nickel (passive)
Inconel (passive)
Chromium-iron (passive)
18-8 chromium-nickel-iron (passive)
18-8-3 chromium-nickel-
molybdenum-iron (passive)
Hastelloy C (passive)
Silver
Graphite
Gold
Platinum
Protected end (cathodic)
THESE METALS ARE ARRANGED
BY THEIR TENDENCY TO
CORRODE GALVANICALLY
TABLE 1
F E A T U R E
5
1. THE RELATI VE AREAS OF THE
GALVANI C MATERI AL
When the relative area of the cathode is great
compared to that of the anode, the rate of corrosion will
be high. The extra area provided by the cathode will
create higher current densities resulting in increased
corrosion. When the relative area of the anode is great
compared to that of the cathode, the rate of corrosion
will be slow. The small surface area of the cathode
results in low current densities and slow corrosion.
Therefore, if the supply and return piping for the coil
are carbon steel, using carbon steel connections is
generally not a problem. The total surface area of the
connection and supplemental piping (the anode) is
greater than the copper in the coil (the cathode), so
corrosion will occur slowly.
A dielectric coupling (a non-conducting insulator)
placed between the carbon steel connection and the
supplemental piping isolates the carbon steel connection
resulting in a small anodic area and a large cathodic
area. Therefore, the connection will be more likely to
fail. If the supply and return piping for the system are
copper, a carbon steel connection can rapidly
deteriorate and fail due to the unfavorable ratio.
2. THE COMPOSI TI ON OF THE
ELECTROLYTE
An electrolyte is the solution through which a
current flows. The flow supports an atmosphere for
galvanic corrosion whenever two dissimilar metals come
in contact with one another. For instance, water is the
electrolyte when using a water coil. Pure water alone will
not conduct electricity and will not promote galvanic
corrosion. It is actually the dissolved components
floating in the water which determine whether or not it
is a strong or weak electrolyte. Weak electrolytes
produce weak galvanic reactions. Strong electrolytes
produce strong galvanic reactions. In general, coils
utilizing fresh water do not suffer from severe galvanic
corrosion. Water treatment specialists should be
consulted prior to the start-up or installation of any
system utilizing water.
3. THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN
Oxygen is an oxidizing agent soluble in water. It will
use electrons given up by the anode and greatly increase
the rate of corrosion. The lack of oxygen will not
eliminate the occurrence of galvanic corrosion. Oxygen
is merely an enhancing agent.
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F E A T U R E c o n t i n u e d
GALVANI C CORROSI ON BETWEEN A COPPER
HEADER AND A CARBON STEEL CONNECTI ON
CORROSI ON AT THE I NTERFACE BETWEEN
THE END PLATE AND COPPER TUBI NG
6
USI NG THE RI GHT CONNECTI ON
MATERI ALS It is necessary to use the right
connection materials so the coil and the connection are
properly matched to their working environment. A very
good example is the use of aluminum fins on copper
tubes. Unknown to many people is the fact that
Aluminum Alloy 1100, the alloy commonly used for
plate style fins, is more reactive in the galvanic series
with copper than carbon steel. Why is it that no one
seems to question its use with copper? Much like using
carbon steel connections on copper headers, the rate of
corrosion is slow to the point that it does not affect the
normal life cycle of the coil. The electrolyte (the
condensate) is normally a weak electrolyte which leads
to poor galvanic corrosion. Also, much like the carbon
steel connections on copper headers, when exposed to
the wrong environment, it will corrode quite rapidly
due to galvanic corrosion. Such is the case in salt laden
atmospheres. Under such conditions, copper tube/
copper fin coils or copper tube/aluminum fin coils with
a protective coating should be specified. Another good
example is the use of carbon steel connections on steam
coils. The steam in the system has gone through a
distillation process (it has been boiled) leaving behind
many impurities making both the steam and condensate
a weak electrolyte. A properly designed steam system is
well vented leaving little oxygen (a non-condensable)
which is a corrosion enhancing agent. Galvanic
corrosion is rarely a problem in steam coils. Our
recommendation, based upon experience with hundreds
of thousands of fluid and steam coils, is to use ferrous
connections on piping systems employing carbon steel
pipe and red brass connections on piping systems
employing non-ferrous tubing or pipe.
Heatcraft, Inc. offers a variety of coil and
connection materials and configurations to satisfy
all of its customers needs.
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
FIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 467 DALLAS, TEXAS
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
LENNOX INTERNATIONAL INC.
ATTN: PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPARTMENT
P.O. BOX 799900
DALLAS TX 75379-9955
NO POSTAGE
NECESSARY IF
MAILED IN THE
UNITED STATES
GALVANI C CORROSI ON OF FI NS AND END PLATE
RESULTI NG FROM A SALT-LADEN ENVI RONMENT
T H E F I N P R E S S
The Fin Press is published bi-annually
for the customers and colleagues of
Heatcrafts Commercial Products
Division by Lennox International Inc.s
Communications and Public Relations
department. Heatcraft Inc. is a
subsidiary Lennox International Inc.
All correspondence should be directed to:
Jane Tetley Scott, Editor
Communications and Public Relations
Karen OShea, Vice President
Communications and Public Relations
Lennox International Inc.
2100 Lake Park Blvd.
Richardson, TX 75080.
DO YOU have a service or maintenance question or concern? Or perhaps you have a good suggestion for a
feature article in a future issue of The Fin Press. If you do, take a minute to write down your questions, ideas
or comments and we will route them to the appropriate Heatcraft professional and publish selected responses.
Be sure and return the replay card by July 11.
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