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SBE10 - 07a (Read-Only) (Compatibility Mode)
SBE10 - 07a (Read-Only) (Compatibility Mode)
2
: ;
70
800
i
x
= =
2
: ;
16(, 886
75'2
28 28
i
x x
s
= = =
20 (0 '67 p = =
Point %stimation Point %stimation
Aote. Aote. i""erent random num!ers 4ould ha)e i""erent random num!ers 4ould ha)e
identi"ied a di""erent sample 4hi$h 4ould ha)e identi"ied a di""erent sample 4hi$h 4ould ha)e
resulted in di""erent point estimates' resulted in di""erent point estimates'
s s as Point %stimator o" as Point %stimator o"
12
2( 2( Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Population Population
Parameter Parameter
Point Point
%stimator %stimator
Point Point
%stimate %stimate
Parameter Parameter
Galue Galue
F Population mean F Population mean
SAT s$ore SAT s$ore
880 880 887 887
F Population std' F Population std'
de)iation "or de)iation "or
SAT s$ore SAT s$ore
70 70 s s F Sample std' F Sample std'
de)iation "or de)iation "or
SAT s$ore SAT s$ore
75'2 75'2
pp F Population pro F Population pro- -
portion 4anting portion 4anting
$ampus housing $ampus housing
'72 '72 '67 '67
Summar* o" Point %stimates Summar* o" Point %stimates
1!tained "rom a Simple &andom Sample 1!tained "rom a Simple &andom Sample
F Sample mean F Sample mean
SAT s$ore SAT s$ore
x
F Sample pro F Sample pro- -
portion 4anting portion 4anting
$ampus housing $ampus housing
p
2- 2- Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Pro$ess o" Statisti$al #n"eren$e Pro$ess o" Statisti$al #n"eren$e
The )alue o" is used to The )alue o" is used to
ma9e in"eren$es a!out ma9e in"eren$es a!out
the )alue o" the )alue o" ''
x The sample data The sample data
pro)ide a )alue "or pro)ide a )alue "or
the sample mean the sample mean '' x
A simple random sample A simple random sample
o" o" n n elements is sele$ted elements is sele$ted
"rom the population' "rom the population'
Population Population
4ith mean 4ith mean
F H F H
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" x
1(
25 25 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
The The sampling distri!ution o" sampling distri!ution o" is the pro!a!ilit* is the pro!a!ilit*
distri!ution o" all possi!le )alues o" the sample distri!ution o" all possi!le )alues o" the sample
mean ' mean '
x
x
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" x
4here. 4here.
F the population mean F the population mean
EE: ; F : ; F x
x %<pe$ted Galue o" %<pe$ted Galue o"
26 26 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" x
/inite Population /inite Population #n"inite Population #n"inite Population
x
n
N n
N
=
( )
1
x
n
=
00 is re"erred to as the is re"erred to as the standard error o" the standard error o" the
mean mean''
x
00 A "inite population is treated as !eing A "inite population is treated as !eing
in"inite i" in"inite i" n n//NNII '05' '05'
00 is the "inite $orre$tion "a$tor' is the "inite $orre$tion "a$tor' ( ) / ( ) N n N 1
x Standard e)iation o" Standard e)iation o"
1-
27 27 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
/orm o" the Sampling istri!ution o" /orm o" the Sampling istri!ution o" x
#" 4e use a large : #" 4e use a large :n n JJ (0; simple random sample, the (0; simple random sample, the
$entral limit theorem $entral limit theoremena!les us to $on$lude that the ena!les us to $on$lude that the
sampling distri!ution o" $an !e appro<imated !* sampling distri!ution o" $an !e appro<imated !*
a normal distri!ution' a normal distri!ution'
x
When the simple random sample is small : When the simple random sample is small :n n I (0;, I (0;,
the sampling distri!ution o" $an !e $onsidered the sampling distri!ution o" $an !e $onsidered
normal onl* i" 4e assume the population has a normal onl* i" 4e assume the population has a
normal distri!ution' normal distri!ution'
x
27 27 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
70
1-'6
(0
x
n
= = =
: ; 880 E x =
x
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
Sampling Sampling
istri!ution istri!ution
o" o" x
15
28 28 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
What is the pro!a!ilit* that a simple random sample What is the pro!a!ilit* that a simple random sample
o" (0 appli$ants 4ill pro)ide an estimate o" the o" (0 appli$ants 4ill pro)ide an estimate o" the
population mean SAT s$ore that is 4ithin K/ population mean SAT s$ore that is 4ithin K/10 o" 10 o"
the a$tual population mean the a$tual population mean H H
#n other 4ords, 4hat is the pro!a!ilit* that 4ill !e #n other 4ords, 4hat is the pro!a!ilit* that 4ill !e
!et4een 870 and 1000H !et4een 870 and 1000H
x
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
(0 (0 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Step 1. Step 1. Cal$ulate the Cal$ulate the zz- -)alue at the )alue at the upper upper endpoint o" endpoint o"
the inter)al' the inter)al'
zz F :1000 F :1000 -- 880;/1-'6F '67 880;/1-'6F '67
PP: :zz II '67; F '7517 '67; F '7517
Step 2. Step 2. /ind the area under the $ur)e to the le"t o" the /ind the area under the $ur)e to the le"t o" the
upper upper endpoint' endpoint'
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
16
(1 (1 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
Cumulati)e Pro!a!ilities "or Cumulati)e Pro!a!ilities "or
the Standard Aormal istri!ution the Standard Aormal istri!ution
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
. . . . . . . . . . .
.5
'6815 '6850 '6875 '7018 '705- '7077 '712( '7157 '7180 '722-
.6
'7257 '7281 '7(2- '7(57 '7(78 '7-22 '7-5- '7-76 '7517 '75-8
.7
'7570 '7611 '76-2 '767( '770- '77(- '776- '778- '772( '7752
.8
'7771 '7810 '78(8 '7867 '7885 '702( '7051 '7077 '7106 '71((
.9
'7158 '7176 '7212 '72(7 '726- '7278 '7(15 '7(-0 '7(65 '7(78
. . . . . . . . . . .
(2 (2 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
x
880 880
Sampling Sampling
istri!ution istri!ution
o" o" x
1-'6
x
=
1000 1000
Area F '7517 Area F '7517
17
(( (( Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Step (. Step (. Cal$ulate the Cal$ulate the zz- -)alue at the )alue at the lo4er lo4er endpoint o" endpoint o"
the inter)al' the inter)al'
Step -. Step -. /ind the area under the $ur)e to the le"t o" the /ind the area under the $ur)e to the le"t o" the
lo4er lo4er endpoint' endpoint'
zz F :870 F :870 -- 880;/1-'6F 880;/1-'6F - - '67 '67
PP: :zz II - -'67; F '67; F PP: :zz JJ '67; '67;
F '2-7( F '2-7(
F 1 F 1 -- ' 7517 ' 7517
F 1 F 1 -- PP: :zz II '67; '67;
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
(- (- Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
x
870 870 880 880
Area F '2-7( Area F '2-7(
Sampling Sampling
istri!ution istri!ution
o" o" x
1-'6
x
=
17
(5 (5 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
Step 5. Step 5. Cal$ulate the area under the $ur)e !et4een Cal$ulate the area under the $ur)e !et4een
the lo4er and upper endpoints o" the inter)al' the lo4er and upper endpoints o" the inter)al'
PP: :- -'67 '67 II zz II '67; F '67; F PP: :zz II '67; '67; -- PP: :zz II - -'67; '67;
F '7517 F '7517 -- '2-7( '2-7(
F '50(- F '50(-
The pro!a!ilit* that the sample mean SAT s$ore 4ill The pro!a!ilit* that the sample mean SAT s$ore 4ill
!e !et4een 870 and 1000 is. !e !et4een 870 and 1000 is.
PP:870 :870 II II 1000; F '50(- 1000; F '50(- x
(6 (6 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
x
1000 1000 870 870 880 880
Sampling istri!ution o" Sampling istri!ution o" "or SAT S$ores "or SAT S$ores x
Area F '50(- Area F '50(-
Sampling Sampling
istri!ution istri!ution
o" o" x
1-'6
x
=
18
(7 (7 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
&elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e &elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e
and the Sampling istri!ution o" and the Sampling istri!ution o" x
Suppose 4e sele$t a simple random sample o" 100 Suppose 4e sele$t a simple random sample o" 100
appli$ants instead o" the (0 originall* $onsidered' appli$ants instead o" the (0 originall* $onsidered'
EE: ; F : ; F regardless o" the sample si2e' #n our regardless o" the sample si2e' #n our
e<ample, e<ample, EE: ; remains at 880' : ; remains at 880'
x
x
Whene)er the sample si2e is in$reased, the standard Whene)er the sample si2e is in$reased, the standard
error o" the mean is de$reased' With the in$rease error o" the mean is de$reased' With the in$rease
in the sample si2e to in the sample si2e to n n F 100, the standard error o" the F 100, the standard error o" the
mean is de$reased to. mean is de$reased to.
x
70
7'0
100
x
n
= = =
(7 (7 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
&elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e &elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e
and the Sampling istri!ution o" and the Sampling istri!ution o" x
: ; 880 E x =
x
1-'6
x
=
With With n n F (0, F (0,
7
x
=
With With n n F 100, F 100,
20
(8 (8 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
&e$all that 4hen &e$all that 4hen n n F (0, F (0, PP:870 :870 II II 1000; F '50(-' 1000; F '50(-' x
&elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e &elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e
and the Sampling istri!ution o" and the Sampling istri!ution o" x
We "ollo4 the same steps to sol)e "or We "ollo4 the same steps to sol)e "or PP:870 :870 II II 1000; 1000;
4hen 4hen n n F 100 as 4e sho4ed earlier 4hen F 100 as 4e sho4ed earlier 4hen n n F (0' F (0'
x
Ao4, 4ith Ao4, 4ith n n F 100, F 100, PP:870 :870 II II 1000; F '7777' 1000; F '7777' x
Ce$ause the sampling distri!ution 4ith Ce$ause the sampling distri!ution 4ith n n F 100 has a F 100 has a
smaller standard error, the )alues o" ha)e less smaller standard error, the )alues o" ha)e less
)aria!ilit* and tend to !e $loser to the population )aria!ilit* and tend to !e $loser to the population
mean than the )alues o" 4ith mean than the )alues o" 4ith n n F (0' F (0'
x
x
-0 -0 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
&elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e &elationship Cet4een the Sample Si2e
and the Sampling istri!ution o" and the Sampling istri!ution o" x
x
1000 1000 870 870 880 880
Area F '7777 Area F '7777
Sampling Sampling
istri!ution istri!ution
o" o" x
7
x
=
21
-1 -1 Slide Slide 2005 Thomson/South 2005 Thomson/South- -Western Western
%nd o" Chapter 7, Part A %nd o" Chapter 7, Part A