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TUGAS FINAL TEST (Irigasi Untuk Ibu Farida)
TUGAS FINAL TEST (Irigasi Untuk Ibu Farida)
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Abstract
1. Introduction
Multi-attribute Decision Making (MADM) problem exists widely in
social, economic and managing domain, such as investment decision
making, project evaluation, resource alloting, personnel selection and
so on. So the research about principles and methods of MADM has
broad applied meaning. Because of the wide exixtence of MADM
problems, the MADM research is always active. During these twnty
years, many methods of MADM have been brought forward. Yoo and
Hwang provide an excellent review of using known decision
information, namely attribute weight and attribute value, limited
feasible alternatives are ranked or elected the best by some method.
In MADM problem, decision making information can be qualitative,
namely linguistic. Its data struture can be accurate, anmely rigid, also
can be fuzzy, namely flexible. Until now, fuzzy set theory put forward
by Zadeh [2] has been used widely in MADM. Fuzzy set theory affords a
strong mathematical basis for fuzzy decision. Fuzzy MADM has
received a great deal of attention from researchers [3-6].
For fuzzy MADM, decision information is always difficult for
quantification. Since then, one reasonable dealing method is to convert
decision information into interval number. This expression is more
suitable for people’s thinking way. Many MADM process, in the real
world, take place in an environment in which the information about
attribute weights and attribute values are note precisely known, but
value ranges can be obtained[7]. This kind of problem can be divided
into 3 categories by known decision information situation as following:
(1) Attributes weight are real number, attribute values are interval
number.
(2) Attribute weigts are kown partial, namely expressed in interval
number, attribute values are interval number.
(3) Attribute weights are entirely unknown, attribute values are
interval number.
This paper focuses on the second category. Only by known
partial information, decision makers are easily leaded to wrong
direction, because interval values of attribute weight will produce the
uncertainty of alternatives’ ranking. So this kind of problem arouses
rescarchers’ concerning. According to the jurnals, related researsches
have been made some progress. Bryson[8] gives an programming
model for every alternative, which is treated independently. Fan put
forward a revision model basing on Bryson’s model [9]. Yoon uses
errors propagation approach for determine attribute weight’s exact
value from interval range[10]. In this paper, we will discuss two
methods for fuzzy MADM problem under interval number, in which both
attribute weights and attribute values are denoted in interval numbers.
The firts method put forward by Da and Xu [11], which is deduced on
programming models. Since this method has a complicated calculation
procedure, this paper introduces another method based on stochastic
simulation. In order to comparing these two methods clearly, each
method’s principles and calculating steps are discussed. Fuzzy MADM
under interval number problem exists widely in many engineering
domains. For example, in shipping economics, the research about the
shippng mode’s requirements is very important, since it is the
application example in choosing shipping modes is discussed for both
methods, aiming to denote each method’s validity.
2. Preliminaries
2.1. Calculation principles of interval number
Definition1 if a=[a- , a+] = {x 0 a ≤ x ≤ a+}, them a is an
interval number [11].
Where: a- and a+ are lvalue and rvalue respectively. Apparently,
if a- = a+, then a is the real number. If a- = b+, a+ = b+, then these two
interval number a= [a- , a+], b = [b- , b+], are equal, be noted as a = b.
Taking corresponding relationships among elements of sets into
account, interval numbers’ calculation principles are defined as
following:
1. Addition a + b = [a- + b-, a+ + b+]
2. Multiplication ab = [a- b-, a+ b+]
Specially, λ b = [λ a- , λ a+] (λ is a positive real number.)
a a a
− +
3. Division = ,
b b+ b−
1 1 1
If b , b ≠ 0, then
+ - = + , −
b b b
The calculation above fulfills the exchanging, combining and
alloting principles.
∑ω ∑ω
− +
Normally, it will be i
1, i
1
i i
~
A= (a~ ) , A~
ij mxn
denotes the decision matrix. Here, the
For the fuzzy MADM under interval number, the final calculation
result is actually each alternative’s synthetic evaluating value in
interval number. In order to select the best alternative, these interval
numbers must be ranked. So, the concept of similarity degree and
possibility degree bertween pairwise interval number’s comparison is
given [13], aiming to weigh these pairwise interval numbers. The
detailed expressions are as following:
~
~ = [ a- , a+], b
Definition2 if a = [ b- , b+], then we call s
min (a ) + (a ) , (b ) + (b )
− 2 + 2 − 2 + 2
( ~
)
s a~ , b =
− − + +
s (a
~ ,b )
~
From Definition 2, we can make+ such conclusion : 0 ≤
ab ab
≤ 1. Besides, if s (a
~ , b ) is more large, the similarity degree of a to b is
~
~
~ = [a- , a+], b
Definition3, if a = [b- , b+], we call p(a ≥ b) the
possibility degree of a ≥ b.
p(a ≥ b) =
{ + −
min a − a + b − b , max a − b , 0
+ −
( + −
)}
+ − + −
a − a +b −b
According to this definition, the conclusions can be drawn as
follows:
(1) 0 ≤ p(a ≥ b) ≤ 1
(2) If b+ ≤ a- then p (a
~ ≥b ) =1 ~
(3) If a+ ≤ b- then p (a
~ ≥b ) =0 ~
(4) p ( a ~)
~ ≥a
=½
~ ≥b ) + p (b ≥a
(5) p (a
~ ~ ) =1
~
then the possibility degree matrix P =( pij ) mxm ( i, j =1,2,...., m ) is set up.
3.1. Principle of this method [12]. Suppose the decision matrix and
the corresponding standardized matrix respectively are à = (ãij)mxn and
Ř = (řij)mxn , the weight vector ao attributes is ω = (ω 1, ω 2,..., ω n)T By
the WAA operator, the interval lvalue and rvalue of each alternative’s
synthetic evaluating value ũi(i = 1,2,……m) Can be
obtained by the following two linier programming models :
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 1)
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 2)
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 3)
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 4)
Furthermore, model 3 is equivalent the following model 5
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 5)
Since model 4 has the same restrictive conditions as model 5, the two
models can be synthesized into model 6, then one single object
optimization model can be got as follows :
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 6)
In order to compare ths method with the first method, the same
application example is used as 3.1.2. here the simulating times is 1000
(the simulating times is more large, the statistic results more reflect
the real situation). The calculating program is made according to the
steps discussed above, every alternative’s statistic synthetic
evaluating value is calculated as follow :
ŨZ1 = [0,3652 0,5651] , ŨZ2 = [0,3304 0,5303]
ŨZ3 = [0,6001 0,8001]
Using the possibility degree calculation formula, the possibility
degree matrix is of pairwise comparison is
0,5 0,587 0
P =
0,413 0,5 0
1 1 0,5
then z =( 0.2645 ,0.2355 ,0.5)
T
4. Conclusion
Min Wang
Sekolah Transportasi
Universitas Teknologi Wuhan
Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
Jennifer_wm@hotmail.com
Abstrak
1. Pendahuluan
2. Pendahuluan
2.1. Perhitungan prinsip nomor Interval
Definition1 jika a=[a- , a+] = {x 0 a ≤ x ≤ a+}, mereka
adalah nomor Interval [11].
Dimana: a- and a+ adalah lvalue dan rvalue masing-masing.
Rupanya, jika a- = a+ maka nomor a yang nyata. Jika a- = b+, a+ = b+ ,
maka kedua Interval nomor satu a= [a- , a+], b = [b- , b+], adalah sama,
akan dicatat sebagai a = b.
Mengambil sesuai hubungan antara elemen dari set ke rekening,
nomor Interval ;prinsip-prinsip perhitungan yang didefinisikan sebagai
berikut:
1. Selain itu a + b = [a + b-, a + b + +]
2. Multiplication ab = [-a-b, a + b +]
Khusus, λ b = [λ a- , λ a+] (λ is a nilai nyata yang bernilai positif.)
a a a
− +
3. Divisi = ,
b b+ b−
1 1 1
Jika b+, b- ≠ 0, lalu = + , −
b b b
Perhitungan di atas dapat saling ditukarkan , menggabungkan dan
alloting prinsip.
∑ω ∑ω
− +
Biasanya, ia akan i
1, i
1
i i
~
A= (a~ ) , A~
ij mxn
Menandakan keputusan matriks. Di sini, nilai
min (a ) + (a ) , (b ) + (b )
− 2 + 2 − 2 + 2
( ~
)
s a~ , b =
− − + +
a b +a b
Definisi dari 2, kita dapat membuat kesimpulan seperti itu: 0 ≤
s (a
~ , b ) ≤ 1. Selain itu, jika s (a
~ , b ) lebih besar, kesamaan derajat a to
~ ~
~
~ = [a- , a+], b
Definition3, jika a = [b- , b+], kami panggil p(a ≥
b), kemungkinan gelar dari a ≥ b .
p(a ≥ b) =
{ + −
min a − a + b − b , max a − b , 0
+ −
( + −
)}
+ − + −
a − a +b −b
Menurut definisi ini, kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik sebagai
berikut:
(1) 0 ≤ p(a ≥ b) ≤ 1
(2) If b+ ≤ a- then p (a
~ ≥b ) =1 ~
(3) If a+ ≤ b- then p (a
~ ≥b ) =0 ~
(4) p ( a ~)
~ ≥a
=½
~ ≥b ) + p (b ≥a
(5) p (a
~ ~ ) =1
~
ω -
j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j
(model 1)
s.t.
ω -
j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j
(model 2)
s.t.
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 3)
s.t.
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 4)
s.t.
ω -j ≤ ω j ≤ ω +
j (model 6)
s.t.