EGE UNIVERSITY

ENGINEERING FACULTY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


2013 -2014

STEEL STRUCTURES 2

PROJECT

CHECKING

Student No: Name:
05100000837 Doan SAMANCIOLU




2

1. PROJECT DATA
Relevant information about steel structure was indicated in Figure1.






1.1.Roof Slope
tan= 3/8= 0,375 ; =20,55

1.2.Length Of Frame Elements
Lower Flange( Ui) ;

U1= U1=U2 =U2= U3=U3=U4=U4= 16/8 = 2 m

Verticals ( Vi=tan*Ui);

V1=V1= 2*0,375 =0,75 m
V2=V2=(2+2)*0,375= 1,5 m
V3=V3=(2+2+2)*0,375= 2,25 m
V4=V4=(2+2+2+2)*0,375=3 m

Diaganals (Di);
D1=D1=

= = 2,14 m
D2=D2=

= =2,5 m
*Material: St37
*Type of purlin: Simple Beam
*Type of roof clading: Sandwich Panel
*City/Elevation: zmir / 25 m
*Height of the building = 7 m

3

D3=D3=

= =3,01 m
Upper Flange(Oi);
O1=O1=

= =2,14 m
O2=O2= - O1= - 2,14= 2,14 m
O3=O3= - O1-O2= 2,14 m
O4=O4= - O1-O2-O3=2,14 m

Calculated values are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Length of the members
2. LOADS
2.1.Snow Load
Snow load is affected like in Figure 3 on the roof.

Figure 3.Loading condition for snow

Pk=m.Pko Pk= snow load calculation value
Pko= snow load
m=reduction factor dependent on roof slope

According to TS 498(1980);
City: zmirI.Blge pko=75 kg/cm2
Elevation: 25 m<200 ..m=1

Pk=1*75= 75 kg/m2
4

Pk vertical= 75*cos20,55= 70,23 kg/m2





2.2.Wind Load
TS 498 suggests following equations for wind load calculations(Figure 4):


Figure 4. Calculation of wind load






Height of the building 7m<8 m q= 50 kg/m2
Wind left; (1,2sin -0,4)q = (1,2sin20,55 0,4)*50= 1,06 kg/m2
-0,4q= -0,4*50= -20 kg/m2

There is sucking pressure both side of the roof .
2.3.Roof Clading
In this project Aluminium sandwich panel produced by Atermit Firm was used. Relevant information
is in the Table 1.
Table 1.Bearing capasity

a=roof slope
q= sucking pressure dependent on height of the building(kg/m2)
5


Opening of purlin : 2,14 m
There is snow and wind load on the roof and roof clading should be bear 75 kg/m2 .
Choosed clading can bear max 143 kg/m2.
Effect type of cladding load is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Effect of cladding
2.4.Purlin Self Weight
In beginning of the project weight of the purlin was estimated 12 kg/m2 on the horizontal plane.

2.5.Stability Bars
Stability bars will connect to the purlins and weight of the stability bars is used 3 kg/m2 .

2.6.Truss Self Weight
In the beginning of the project weight of the truss was estimated 16 kg/m2 on the horizontal plane.

2.7.Loads Table
First Loads were shown in the table2.
Table2. First Loads
Dead Load
Roof Cladding 5,20 kg/m2
Purlin self weight 12 kg/m2
Stability Bars 3 kg/m2
total 20,2 kg/m2
Truss self weight 16 kg/m2
total
36,2 kg/m2

Snow Load For horizontal plane 75 kg/cm2
Wind Load
For roof plane Left Right
Wind-left 1,06 -20
Wind-right -20 -1,06

3. PURLIN CALCULATION
Purlin was supported as basic beam. Interval of the purlin was used as 3m .
and Interval of the truss beam was used 6 meters(figure6).
6


3.1.Determination Of Loads And Section Stress For Purlin:
Wind load is sucking both side of the roof. Therefore in purlin calculation Wind load was accepted as
0. Figure 6. Intervals
Snow load ;
Pk =75 kg/m2
On the one purlin surface ; 75*3=225 kg/m
Roof cladding; 5.20 kg/m2
On the one purlin surface ; 5,20*2,14=11,128 kg/m
Purlin self weight; 12 kg/m2
On the one purlin surface ; 12*3=36 kg/m
Stability bars;3 kg/m2
On the one purlin surface ;3*3=9 kg/m

Load on the purlin as horizontal:
225+11,128+36+9=281,128 kg/m2
qx=281,128*cos20,55= 263,24 kg/m
qy=281,128*sin20,55= 98,68 kg/m
Direction of the loads is in Figure 7. Figure 7. Directions

Purlin was designed as basic beam:
Mx=

= 263,24*6/8= 1184,58 kgm =118458 kgcm

My=

= 98,68*6/8 = 3444,06 kgm= 44406 kgcm

3.2.Choosing Of Purlin Profil
=

; em=1440 kg/cm2
Wx (needed)=

= 118458/1440= 82,26 cm3

Wy (needed)=

= 44406/1440= 30,84 cm3

Profil I140;




Wx (needed)= 82,26 cm3 > Wx=81,9 cm3

Profil I140
Wx=81,9 cm3
Wy=10,7 cm3
7

Profil I140 is not suitable under these conditions.




Profil I160;







Control (N=0)

=

*Tieless :

=

= 4012,86 =1440 kg/cm2

*Single tie : l/2= 6/2= 3m for My direction

=

+
(

= 1762,56 kg/cm2 =1120 kg/cm2

*Double tie: l/3=6/3=2 m My direction

=

+
(

=1345,84 kg/cm2 =1120 kg/cm2

Deflection control:

fx=

; fy=

; f=

< l/300

fx=

=2,26 cm

fy=

=0,90 cm
f=

= 2,43 > 600/300=2 cm

Profil is not suitable under these conditions even if it has double ties..


Profil I180;



Profil I160
Ix=935 cm4
Iy=54,7 cm4
Wx=117 cm3
Wy=14,8 cm3
Profil I180
Ix=1450 cm4
Iy=81,3 cm4
Wx=161 cm3
Wy=19,8 cm3
8



=

Tieless:

=

= 2978,5 =1440 kg/cm2

Single tie: l/2= 6/2= 3m for My direction

=

+
(

=1296,45 =1440 kg/cm2

Deflection control:
fx=

; fy=

; f=

< l/300

fx=

=1,458 cm
fy=

=0,61 cm
f=

= 1,58 cm < 2 cm

Checking shear forces in purlin:

kg/cm2

kg/cm2
Tx= qx*l/2 = 263,24*6/2=789,72kg/cm2 < kg/cm2

Ty=qy*l/2=98,68*3/2= 148,02 kg/cm2 < kg/cm2



Choosed profil : I180- Single Tie birim boy arl: 21,9 kg/m




Profil I180
Ix=1450 cm4
Iy=81,3 cm4
Wx=161 cm3
Wy=19,8 cm3
9








Control Of Choosed Profil with own weight: weight of the unit length: 21,9 kg/m


Load on the purlin as horizontal: snow, roof, purlin, stability, respectively:
225+11,128+ 21,9 +9=267,02 kg/m2
qx=263,24*cos20,55= 246,48 kg/m
qy=263,24*sin20,55= 92,40 kg/m

Purlin was designed as basic beam:

Mx=

= 246,48*6/8= 1109,16 kgm =110916 kgcm

My=

= 92,40*6/8 = 415,8kgm= 41580 kgcm

Profil Control For Purlin:
=

; em=1440 kg/cm2
Wx (needed)=

= 110916/1440= 77,03 cm3 < Wx=161 cm3

Wy (needed)=

= 41580/1440= 28,88 cm3 > Wy=19,8 cm3

Single Tie : l/2= 6/2= 3m for My direction

Control (N=0)

=

+
(

=1213,92 =1440 kg/cm2

Deplasman:
fx=

; fy=

; f=

< l/300

fx=

=1,36 cm
fy=

=0,57 cm
f=

= 1,47 cm < 2 cm



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3.3.Last Loads on Purlin:
After purlin calculations loads with real weight of purlin were shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Last Loads after purlin calculations
Snow 225 kg/m : 3m 75 kg/m2
Roof 11,128 kg/m :2,14m 5,20 kg/m2
Purlin (I180) 21,9 kg/m : 3m 7,3 kg/m2
Stability 9 kg/m:3m 3 kg/m2

Total: 90,50 kg/m2

3.4.Control of Ridge Purlin
Loads are used as half of the general purlin loads.(Table 4).

Table 4. Half Loads
Snow 112,5 kg/m
Roof 5,564 kg/m
Purlin (I180) 10,95 kg/m
Stability 4,5 kg/m
Total: 133,514 kg/m2

qx=133,514*cos20,55 = 125,02 kg/m
qy=133,514*sin20,55 = 46,87 kg/m

Ridge purlin was designed as basic beam, too:
Mx=

= 562,59 kgm =56259 kgcm

My=

= 210,92 kgm= 21092 kgcm

Choosed profil I180 as tieless :
=

= 1414,7kg/cm2 < =1440 kg/cm2

Deflection Control:

fx=

=0,69 cm
fy=

=4,63 cm
f=

= 4,68 cm > 2 cm
A support profil is needed. General for ridge purlin L40.40.4 profil is used.
11


Single tie:
=

+
(

=615,74kg/cm2 < =1440 kg/cm2

Single tie is suitable and L40.40.4 profil can be choosed.
4. Tie Bar Dimensions
Purlin with single tie bar;

Z is force in skewed tie bar and qy is the total qy component of all purlin (except ridge purlin between
two truss beam;

Z=

In this design there are 8 purlin with 6 meters length between two truss.

Tan = 3/2,14 = 1,40 ; =54,46

Z=

*(8*92,40)=1907,54 kg

Atie=

= 1,32 cm2

12 = 1,13 cm2 1907,54/1,13 =1688 kg/cm2 > =1440 kg/cm2

14 = 1,54 cm2 1907,54/1,54 =1238,7 kg/cm2 1440 kg/cm2


***Choosed tie bar: 14 ***

5. CALCULATION FORCE OF LATTICE BAR
One sample of point loads calculation was mentioned below( for snow). Other loading was
calculated by the help of SAP2000(Tablo6) . Used loads in Sap were shown in Table 5.

Table.5. Truss Loads
Snow 75 kg/m2 *3*6 1350 kg
Roof 5,20 kg/m2*2,14*6 66,7kg
Purlin (I180) 21,9 kg/m*6 132kg
Stability 3 kg/m2*3*6 54kg
Wind left 1,06/ -20 kg/m2 13,58/ -256,30
Wind right -20/ 1,06 -256,30/ 13,58
Truss 16 kg/m2*3*6 288kg








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5.1.Snow Loading:


1350(2+4+6+8+10+12+14)+675*16=By*16 ; By= 86400/16=5400 kg
Ay=By=5400 kg


Point

;1

O1y=5400-675=4725

;
O1x= 12600
O1=

=13456 (-)

U1= O1x=12600 (+)


Point

;2
U2=12600(+)
V1=0
Point

;1

;10 -

;3 Ritter
M3= 5400*4-675*4-1350*2-O2y*2-O2x*0,75=0
1,5 O2x = 24300
O2x= 16200
O2y=4050
O2= 13504(-)
13


3*O2y= 0,75 *O2x (From angle)


Point

;1

;10 -

;11

;4 Ritter

M4=5400*6-675*6-1350*4-1350*2-
O3x*1,5-O3y*3=0

30375=2,25* O3x
O3x = 13500
O3y=3375
O3=11490 (-)
3*O2y= 0,75 *O2x (From angle)





Point

;1

;10 -

;11

;12

;5 Ritter
5400*18-675*18-1350*6-1350*4-1350*2-
O4x*2,25-O4y*3=0

32400=3* O4x
O4x=10800
O4y=2700
O4=9329 (-)



Point

;10


D1=

= 2783,09 (-)



Point

;3

V2=675 (+)
U3=12600-2700=9900(+)


14




Point

;11

D2=

=3018,69 (-)






Point

;4
V3=1350(+)
U4=9900-2700= 7200(+)






Point

;12

D3=

=3375 (-)


Point

;13
V4= 2700+2700=4050(+)
The other points are symetric with these points.


15

Wind Left Loading



Wind Right Loading




Dead Loading