Knowledge Commitment...

Integrity at Your Service

Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Glen T. Daigger, Ph.D., P.E., DEE, NAE
Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
CH2M HILL
Presented at
EFCA 2005 General Assembly Meeting & Conference
Krakow, Poland
30 May, 2005
Membr ane Bi o-Reac t or s (MBRs) The
Fut ur e of Wast ew at er Tec hnol ogy,
Sc i enc e and Ec onomy Aspec t s
Knowledge Commitment... Integrity at Your Service
Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Can You Tel l Me Wher e t he 12,500
m
3
/day Sw anage WWTP, UK i s?
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Do You Bel i eve, St r uc t ur e on Lef t i s
a Wast ew at er Tr eat ment Pl ant ?
3,400 m
3
/day
Hamptons
WRF,
Cumming,
GA, USA
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Por l oc k WWTP, UK (2,000 m
3
/day)
Located In Exmoor National
Park, with nearby bathing
beach, an Environmentally
Sensitive Area
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
And, Her e i s t he Ef f l uent Qual i t y
That Can be Pr oduc ed!
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
MBRs I nc or por at e Membr anes I nt o
Ac t i vat ed Sl udge Pr oc ess
WAS WAS
M
M
RAS RAS
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
MBRs Pr ovi de Sever al Si gni f i c ant
Benef i t s
Complete Retention of Particulate Matter -
Effluent TSS is Very Low
High MLSS/Long SRT - Compact Bioreactor
Complete Biomass Retention
Small Footprint - Small Bioreactors with No
Clarifiers or Filters
Automated Operation
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Protozoa Protozoa
T4 Phage T4 Phage
Virus Virus
E.coli E.coli
Bacteria Bacteria
0.01 0.01 m m 0.1 0.1 m m 1 1 m m 10 10 m m
0.02 - 0.07 0.02 - 0.07 m m 0.5 - 2 0.5 - 2 m m 3 - 15 3 - 15 m m
Typical UF Typical UF
Giardia Giardia
Typical MF Typical MF
Membr anes Can Remove Wi de
Range of Pat hogens
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Symmetric Asymmetric
100 m
100 m
Hollow Fibre Flat Sheet
Ever yt hi ng Begi ns w i t h t he
Membr ane
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Membr ane El ement s ar e Assembl ed
i nt o Modul es, Then I nt o Caset t es
ZW 500c Cassette
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
2
process
trains
Permeate
Manifold
Air
manifolds
Caset t es ar e I nser t ed I nt o Pr oc ess
Tr ai ns
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Membr ane Tr ai ns ar e Then
I nt egr at ed w i t h Bi or eac t or
Arapahoe County,
Colorado
Main Bioreactor
Membrane Section
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Sw anage WWTP, UK (12,500 m
3
/day)
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
I nsi de of Pl ant Show i ng Top of
Bi or eac t or Ar ea
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Ar ea Adj ac ent t o MBR
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Pr oper Pr et r eat ment Ex t ends
Membr ane Li f e and Per f or manc e
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
MBR Advant ages Lead t o
Spec i al i sed Appl i c at i ons
Remote Facilities Requiring High Reliability and
Simple Operation
High Quality Effluent:
TP < 0.1 mg/L
Extensive TN Removal
Water Reclamation
Micro-pollutant Removal
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Fi r st Conc ei ved i n Mi d-1960s, MBRs
Have Evol ved
First Developments by Dorr-Oliver, Transferred to
Japan in Early 1970s
Thetford Systems Cycle-Let, Acquired by Zenon
Enivornmental
Parallel Development of Submerged MBR
MITI-Funded R&D Program in Japan in Late 1980s, Early
1990s
Zenon Development in Canada
Membrane Costs Decrease Dramatically
Three Generations Have Occurred and Entering Fourth
Generation
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Key Changes i n Tr ansi t i on Fr om
Fi r st t o Four t h Gener at i on
Scale
Small Package Plants to Major Facilities
Method of Implementation
Package Plants to Custom Designs
Treatment Objectives
Treatment and Sludge Storage to Nutrient Removal and
Water Reclamation
SRT
Sludge Storage to Economical Process Requirements
MLSS
Reduced to Maximize Membrane Capacity
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Thr ee Nor t h Amer i c an (USA) Four t h
Gener at i on Fac i l i t i es:
Broad Run Water Reclamation Facility (WRF),
Loudoun County Sanitation Authority (LCSA),
Virginia
New 45,000 m
3
/day (Max Month) 95,000 m
3
/day
Peak Capacity, Expandable to 136,000 m
3
/day (Max
Month)
Water Reclamation and Environmental Protection
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Br oad Run WRP Wi l l Pr ot ec t Publ i c
Heal t h and Envi r onment
BOD (mg/L) NA
COD (mg/L) 10
TSS (mg/L) 1
TN (mg/L) 3
TP (mg/L) 0.1
MBAS (mg/L) 0.1
Turbidity 0.5 NTU
Coliform 2
OCCOQUAN
APPROACH
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Mul i t -Poi nt Al um Addi t i on w as Best
Convent i onal Opt i on
Raw Influent
Primary Treatment
Disinfection
Upflow/
Downflow GAC
Filtration
Chemical Treatment
with Alum Addition
Aeration Basins
Secondary
Clarification
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Membr ane Bi or eac t or El i mi nat es
Cl ar i f i er s and Fi l t er s
Raw Influent
Primary
Treatment
Aeration Basins with
Immersed Microfiltration (MF)
Disinfection
Upflow/
Downflow GAC
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Membr ane Bi or eac t or Tak es Less
Land and i s Si mpl er
Required
plant area
8 Hectares
Br oad Run WRF at
136,000 m3/day
Loudoun Count y, VA
New plant area 3
Hectares
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Loudoun Count y Repr esent s New
Gener at i on of MBRs
Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc. Company Confidential
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Low Ef f l uent TN Ac hi eved w i t h
Met hanol Addi t i on
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0
TKN- Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
OX_N- Oxidized-N (mg/L)
T
o
t
a
l

N
i
t
r
o
g
e
n
,

m
g
/
L
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Ef f l uent Tur bi di t y Ex c eeds
Rec ogni zed St andar ds
10.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.001
Reuse Standards (unrestricted access) = 2.0 NTU
Proposed drinking water standard = 0.3 NTU
Average for MBR Effluent = 0.0198 NTU
Occoquan Policy, Proposed DAWP, and current drinking water = 0.5 NTU
T
u
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
,

n
t
u
Knowledge Commitment... Integrity at Your Service
Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Vi r us Chal l enge Resul t s
Demonst r at e Pat hogen Cont r ol
5-Log Removal in First-Stage Bioreactor
0.9-Log Removal in GAC Column
Cryptosporidium and Giardia Control
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Thr ee Nor t h Amer i c an (USA) Four t h
Gener at i on Fac i l i t i es:
Broad Run WRF
Traverse City (Michigan) Regional Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP)
Expand Existing Plant
19,000 m
3
/day (Max Month) Current
32,000 m
3
/day (Max Month) 68,000 m
3
/day Peak
Capacity
High Quality Effluent to Enhance Environmental
Protection
Design-Build
Largest Operating MBR in North America
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Vol unt ar y Di sc har ge St andar ds
Mor e St r i ngent Than Requi r ed
Item
(mg/L)
MDEQ Voluntary
BOD
5
25 4
TSS 30 4
NH
3
-N 11 1
TP 1 0.5
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
The Tr aver se Ci t y Avai l abl e Si t e i s
Li mi t ed
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
New 2 mm Sc r eens
and
New Bui l di ng -
af t er t he pr i mar i es
MBR Addi t i ons I nc l ude Fi ne
Sc r eeni ng of Pr i mar y Ef f l uent
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Ex i st i ng Aer at i on Basi n Suf f i c i ent
But Ex pand Bl ow er s
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Pr oc ess Desi gn I nc l udes Bi ol ogi c al
Nut r i ent Removal
Anaerobic
Anoxic
Anoxic
Anoxic
Aerobic
Primary
Effluent
To Membrane
Tanks
Recycle from
Membrane
Tanks
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Membr anes Wi l l be Housed i n New
Tank age
Membr ane
Tank
Membr ane
Tank
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Sec ondar y Cl ar i f i er s ar e Conver t ed
t o Sl udge St or age
Not Required with
Membrane Technology
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Compl et ed Fac i l i t y Show i ng
Membr ane Tank s
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Thr ee Nor t h Amer i c an (USA) Four t h
Gener at i on Fac i l i t i es:
Broad Run WRF
Traverse City WWTP
Brightwater Wastewater Treatment Plant
(WWTP), King County, Washington
Large Plant
144,000 m
3
/day Dry Weather
430,000 m
3
/day Peak Wet Weather
Split Flow Treatment
Dry Weather Secondary
Enhanced Primary Treatment for Wet Weather
Space, Odor Control, Reclamation
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Tw o Spl i t St r eam Al t er nat i ves
Eval uat ed: CAS and MBR
Item CAS* MBR
Secondary Capacity (m
3
/day) 250,000 144,000
Split Flow Frequency (per yr) 2-8 25-47
Capital Cost ($M) 545 531
O&M Cost ($M/yr) 4.5 6.7
Present Worth ($M)
Average 612 631
Best Case for CAS 651 706
Best Case for MBR 643 602
Surface Area (m
2
) 13,000 5,600
* Conventional Activated Sludge
(+ 3%)
(+11%)
(- 11%)
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
MBR Pr ovi des Super i or Ef f l uent
Qual i t y
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Effluent
(mg/L)
Average Max Month Extreme
Max Month
CAS BOD5
CAS TSS
MBR BOD5
MBR TSS
MBR Effluent is Also Nitrified and Useful for
Reclamation
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Her es What You Shoul d Remember
Fr om Thi s Pr esent at i on:
MBRs are Not Just for Small Plants
MBRs Can be Economical When High Quality
Effluent and/or Small Footprint Needed
High Quality Effluent Facilitates Reuse
Knowledge of MBR Capabilities and
Applications is Increasing Rapidly
Manufacturers are Advancing Membrane
Technology to Reduce Costs and Increase
Performance
Knowledge Commitment... Integrity at Your Service
Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
I n Si ngapor e,
Membr anes ar e
Bei ng Used t o
Pr oduc e Pot abl e
Wat er Fr om
Wast ew at er
RECYCLED WATER PASSES
TASTE TEST: PUB chairman
Tan Gee Paw (right) and a panel
of international experts who
declare reclaimed water fit to
drink showed yesterday that they
were ready to drink it themselves.
The Straits Times hit the streets
with samples on Tuesday.
-- HOW HWEE YOUNG
Knowledge Commitment... Integrity at Your Service
Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Glen T. Daigger, Ph.D., P.E., DEE, NAE
Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
CH2M HILL
Presented at
EFCA 2005 General Assembly Meeting & Conference
Krakow, Poland
30 May, 2005
Membr ane Bi o-Reac t or s (MBRs) The
Fut ur e of Wast ew at er Tec hnol ogy,
Sc i enc e and Ec onomy Aspec t s
Knowledge Commitment... Integrity at Your Service
Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
The membr ane t ank i s di vi ded i nt o
8 c ompar t ment s
In situ cleaning
Common
recycle pumping
WHY 8?
Redundancy
Peak flows (no
EQ)
Air Scour
Energy Control
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Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Membr ane equi pment c ost s ar e a
si gni f i c ant pr oj ec t c ost f ac t or !
Clarification and Filtration
Membrane Bioreactor
Membrane equipment capital
and LCC are 50-60% of Total
Costs, not 20-25%!
Fewer structures and tanks, and higher
equipment costs, compared to
clarifiers and filters
Knowledge Commitment... Integrity at Your Service
Copyright 2005 by CH2M HILL, Inc.
Glen T. Daigger, Ph.D., P.E., DEE, NAE
Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
CH2M HILL
Presented at
EFCA 2005 General Assembly Meeting & Conference
Krakow, Poland
30 May, 2005
Membr ane Bi o-Reac t or s (MBRs) The
Fut ur e of Wast ew at er Tec hnol ogy,
Sc i enc e and Ec onomy Aspec t s