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Extracting Backscatter Ionogram Leading Edges Based Wavelet Transform
Extracting Backscatter Ionogram Leading Edges Based Wavelet Transform
Extracting Backscatter Ionogram Leading Edges Based Wavelet Transform
Email:guoyanbo_81@126.com
Abstract
Using wavelet transform to extract backscatter ionogram leading edges.In this thesis,we briefly introduce the principle of edge
detection based wavelet transform and the standard choice of wavelet basis using edge detection.First put forward the normalized
method to deal with the threshold determine using extracting backscatter ionogram leading. The algorithm of edge detection based
wavelet transform can effectively deal with noisy images and achieve the extraction of Backscatter ionogram Leading edges.
Keyword: Backscatter Ionogram Leading; Wavelet; Edge Detection; Normalization
266107
(HF)
3MHz-30MHz HF
[1]-[3]
[4]-[6]
[7]
1
1.1
*
61302006
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[8]
[9]
x 200
x
(1.1)
x = 200 x=400
(t)
(t )dt 1 lim (t ) 0
|t|
(t )
e t
/2
(t) (t) (t )
2
(t) s(s>0)
1
s
2 3
tet
/2 2
t
s
s (t ) ( )
(1.2)
d ( f * s )(t )
dt
(1.3)
Ws f (t ) f(t) s 1
2000
1000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
100
200
300
400
500
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400
500
600
2000
1000
0
2000
t0
1000
0
t2
t1
100
200
300
t0(t=200)t1(t=300)t2(t=400) Ws f (t )
Ws f (t ) Ws f (t ) f(t)
2
2
2
1
( x, y)
e( x y )/2
2
1
sx,k ,m ( x, y )
(x k)
s
2
2 (2 )
((
x k 2 y m 2
) ( s ) )/2
2s
2
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(1.4)
sy,k ,m ( x, y )
( y m)
s
2
2 (2 )
((
x k 2 y m 2
) ( s ) )/2
2s
2
(1.5)
s f(x,y)
W x f ( x, y) f ( x, y) * sx,k ,m ( x, y)
(1.6)
W y f ( x, y) f ( x, y) * sy,k ,m ( x, y)
(1.7)
s f(x,y)
Wf ( x, y) ((W x f ( x, y))2 (W y f ( x, y))2 )0.5
Af ( x, y ) arctan(
(1.8)
W f ( x, y )
W x f ( x, y )
(1.9)
Af ( x, y) Wf ( x, y)
f(x0,y0) Wf ( x0 , y0 ) Af ( x, y) f(x0,y0) f(x,y)
1.2
II
III
IV
2
2
2
2
1
1
(t )
tet /2 (t )
et /2 (t )
2
2 3
(t) (t) (t) = - (-t) (t)
lim (t ) 0
|t|
1.3
MN W(M,N)
W(M,N)
(M , N )
W (M , N )
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(1.10)
(M , N ) (M , N )
1.4
1 MN - f(i,j)
f(x,y) 2
4500
4000
group path/km
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
10
15
20
25
frequency/MHz
2 W x f ( x, y) W y f ( x, y)
3
Wf ( x, y) ((W x f ( x, y))2 (W y f ( x, y))2 )0.5 (1.11)
Af ( x, y ) arctan(
W y f ( x, y )
W x f ( x, y )
(1.12)
4
Wf ( x, y)
3 1
2 X X
6 2 4
7 4 1 2 3
4
5 2
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4500
4000
4000
3500
3500
3500
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group path/km
4500
4000
group path/km
group path/km
4500
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500
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25
frequency/MHz
10
15
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25
10
frequency/MHz
15
20
25
frequency/MHz
8 2
2
[6]
4500
4500
4000
4000
4000
3500
3500
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
group path/km
4500
group path/km
group path/km
3000
2500
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1500
1000
1000
1000
500
500
500
10
15
20
25
10
frequency/MHz
15
20
25
4000
3500
3500
3500
2500
2000
1500
group path/km
4500
4000
group path/km
4500
3000
3000
2500
2000
1500
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1500
1000
1000
500
500
25
frequency/MHz
10
15
20
25
frequency/MHz
25
2500
500
20
20
3000
1000
15
15
8dB
4000
10
10
frequency/MHz
4500
frequency/MHz
group path/km
3000
14dB
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10
15
20
frequency/MHz
25
4500
4000
4000
4000
3500
3500
3500
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1500
group path/km
4500
group path/km
group path/km
4500
3000
2500
2000
1500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
1000
1000
500
500
500
10
15
20
25
frequency/MHz
10
15
20
25
frequency/MHz
10
15
20
25
frequency/MHz
25dB
567 8dB14dB25dB 5
6
5
5 7 5 6
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Croft T A. Sky-wave backscatter:A means for observing our environment at great distances[J]. Rev. Geophys.,1972, 10(1):73-155
[5]
Coleman C J. On the simulation of backscatter iono-grams [J]. J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 1997, 59(3):2089-2099
[6]
Earl G F, Ward B D. The frequency management system of the Jindalee over-the-horizon backscatter HF radar [J] Radio Sci., 1987,
22(2):275-291
[7]
[8]
[9]
ZHANG Lei,Paul Bao.A Wavelet-Based Edge Detection Method by Scale Multiplication.[C]. 16th International Conference on Pattern
Recognition,2002:501-504
1981.6
1981.12
Email: guoyanbo_81@126.com
1980.4
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