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AC
AC
AC
[May/June 2004]
For
Examiners
Use
(a) Explain, in terms of heating effect, what is meant by the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value
of an alternating current.
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a
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(b) State the relation between the peak current I0 and the r.m.s. current Irms of a
sinusoidally-varying current.
an
dr
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(c) The value of a direct current and the peak value of a sinusoidal alternating current are
equal.
Determine the ratio
Ch
(i)
State one advantage and one disadvantage of the use of alternating rather than
direct current in the home.
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(ii)
ar
ra
ng
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db
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aj
it
.
power dissipation in the resistor of resistance R by the alternating current
nd
advantage ...............................................................................................................
da
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pi
le
disadvantage ...........................................................................................................
Co
m
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For
Examiners
Use
ky
a
I/A
+2
aS
ha
+1
0
0
an
dr
t / ms
3
4
ar
ra
ng
e
nd
da
pi
le
Co
m
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(ii)
db
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Fig. 5.1
aj
it
Ch
(i)
[May/June 2007]
For
Examiners
Use
An ideal transformer has 5000 turns on its primary coil. It is to be used to convert a mains
supply of 230 V r.m.s. to an alternating voltage having a peak value of 9.0 V.
an
dr
aS
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ky
a
Ch
number = [3]
Fig. 4.1
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(b) The output from the transformer is to be full-wave rectified. Fig. 4.1 shows part of the
rectifier circuit.
(ii)
the symbol for a capacitor connected to provide smoothing of the potential difference
across the resistor R.
[1]
Co
m
pi
le
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
(c) Fig. 4.2 shows the variation with time t of the smoothed potential difference V across the
resistor R.
t1
t2
t3
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
a
t4
State the interval of time during which the capacitor is being charged from the
transformer.
aj
it
(i)
Ch
Fig. 4.2
The resistance of the resistor R is doubled. On Fig. 4.2, sketch the variation with
time t of the potential difference V across the resistor.
[2]
Co
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pi
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da
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ar
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(ii)
db
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[May/June 2002]
11
For
Examiners
Use
(a) Two similar coils A and B of insulated wire are wound on to a soft-iron core, as
illustrated in Fig. 6.1.
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dr
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ky
a
soft-iron core
coil B
Fig. 6.1
Ch
coil A
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When the current I in coil A is switched on and then off, the variation with time t of the
current is shown in Fig. 6.2.
db
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Fig. 6.2
da
nd
pi
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Co
m
Fig. 6.3
On Fig. 6.3, draw a graph to show the variation with time t of the e.m.f. E induced in
coil B.
[3]
For
Examiners
Use
ky
a
aS
ha
load
Fig. 6.4
Ch
an
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(ii)
[2]
da
nd
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ar
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db
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(i)
State and explain how a capacitor may be used to smooth the output from the
rectifier. You may draw on Fig. 6.4 if you wish.
pi
le
(iii)
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m
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...............................................................................................................................[3]
For
Examiners
Use
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a
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an
dr
aS
db
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Fig. 7.1
aj
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Ch
voltage
ar
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e
The variation with time t of the alternating voltage applied to the circuit is shown in
Fig. 7.2 and in Fig. 7.3.
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nd
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0
0
pi
le
Fig. 7.2
Co
m
voltage
0
0
Fig. 7.3
On the axes of Fig. 7.2, draw a graph to show the variation with time t of the potential
difference across diode A.
[1]
(ii)
On the axes of Fig. 7.3, draw a graph to show the variation with time t of the potential
difference across diode B.
[1]
(c) (i)
On Fig. 7.1, draw the symbol for a capacitor, connected into the circuit so as to
provide smoothing.
[1]
(ii)
Fig. 7.4 shows the variation with time t of the smoothed potential difference across
the resistor R in Fig. 7.1.
For
Examiners
Use
aS
ha
ky
a
(i)
db
yS
Fig. 7.4
aj
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Ch
an
dr
potential
difference
ar
ra
ng
e
............................................................................................................................ [1]
Co
m
pi
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da
nd
re
2. On Fig. 7.4, draw the variation with time t of the potential difference across
resistor R for increased smoothing.
[2]
UCLES 2009
9702/41/O/N/09
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25
(a) Explain what is meant by the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of an alternating voltage.
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For
Examiners
Use
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ky
a
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) An alternating voltage V is represented by the equation
ha
V = 220 sin(120t),
aS
(i)
an
dr
aj
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(ii)
Ch
(iii)
the frequency.
db
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(c) The alternating voltage in (b) is applied across a resistor such that the mean power
output from the resistor is 1.5 kW.
Co
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pi
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UCLES 2010
9702/43/M/J/10
10
aS
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240 V
an
dr
load
Ch
aj
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Fig. 6.1
db
yS
(a) On Fig. 6.1, draw symbols for the four diodes so as to produce the polarity across the
load as shown on the diagram.
[2]
(b) Calculate the ratio
Co
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pi
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da
nd
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ar
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UCLES 2010
9702/41/M/J/10
For
Examiners
Use
ky
a
27 A student is asked to design a circuit by which a direct voltage of peak value 9.0 V is obtained
from a 240 V alternating supply.
The student uses a transformer that may be considered to be ideal and a bridge rectifier
incorporating four ideal diodes.
The partially completed circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 6.1.
11
The variation with time t of the current I in a resistor is shown in Fig. 6.1.
For
Examiners
Use
ky
a
an
dr
aS
ha
Fig. 6.1
Ch
aj
it
(a) Explain why, although the current is not in one direction only, power is converted in the
resistor.
db
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..........................................................................................................................................
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ar
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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Using the relation between root-mean-square (r.m.s.) current and peak current, deduce
the value of the ratio
Co
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pi
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da
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UCLES 2010
9702/43/O/N/10
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An alternating current supply is connected in series with a resistor R, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
ha
aS
Fig. 6.1
an
dr
The variation with time t (measured in seconds) of the current I (measured in amps) in the
resistor is given by the expression
I = 9.9 sin(380t).
Ch
ar
ra
ng
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db
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(i)
Co
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pi
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da
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(ii)
UCLES 2011
For
Examiners
Use
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a
9702/42/M/J/11
13
For
Examiners
Use
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a
(b) To prevent over-heating, the mean power dissipated in resistor R must not exceed
400 W.
Calculate the minimum resistance of R.
Co
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pi
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da
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ar
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db
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Ch
an
dr
UCLES 2011
9702/42/M/J/11
[Turn over
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The variation with time t of the output V of an alternating voltage supply of frequency 50 Hz
is shown in Fig. 6.1.
For
Examiners
Use
20
V/V
ky
a
15
ha
10
aS
5
t1
t / ms
an
dr
Ch
10
20
ar
ra
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(i)
db
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Fig. 6.1
aj
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15
re
V0 = ............................................. V [1]
Co
m
pi
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da
(iii)
nd
(ii)
t1 = ............................................ s [2]
(iv)
9702/41/O/N/11
[Turn over
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For
Examiners
Use
aS
ha
ky
a
(b) The alternating supply is connected in series with a resistor of resistance 2.4 .
Calculate the mean power dissipated in the resistor.
Co
m
pi
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da
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ar
ra
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db
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Ch
an
dr
UCLES 2011
9702/41/O/N/11
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For
Examiners
Use
load
aS
ha
supply
ky
a
an
dr
Fig. 5.1
(a) Complete the circuit of Fig. 5.1 by showing the connections of the supply and of the load
to the diodes.
[2]
Ch
(b) Suggest one advantage of the use of a bridge rectifier, rather than a single diode, for the
rectification of alternating current.
aj
it
..........................................................................................................................................
(c) State
what is meant by smoothing,
ar
ra
ng
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(i)
db
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..................................................................................................................................... [1]
..................................................................................................................................
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the effect of the value of the capacitance of the smoothing capacitor in relation to
smoothing.
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(ii)
nd
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da
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Co
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pi
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............................................................................................................................. [2]
UCLES 2011
9702/43/O/N/11
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an
dr
aS
ha
Ch
Fig. 6.1
aj
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db
yS
V/V
4
ar
ra
ng
e
2
10
20
30
40
50
60
t / ms
Fig. 6.2
re
da
nd
(i)
Co
m
pi
le
(ii)
UCLES 2012
9702/41/M/J/12
For
Examiners
Use
ky
a
18
For
Examiners
Use
ha
ky
a
(iii)
aS
aj
it
Ch
(i)
an
dr
Co
m
pi
le
da
(iii)
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
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(ii)
db
yS
[2]
UCLES 2012
9702/41/M/J/12
[Turn over
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For
Examiners
Use
aS
ha
ky
a
(c) Use Fig. 6.2 and the value of the current given in (b)(iii) to estimate the resistance of
resistor R.
Co
m
pi
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da
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ar
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db
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aj
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Ch
an
dr
UCLES 2012
9702/41/M/J/12
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A bridge rectifier consists of four ideal diodes A, B, C and D, connected as shown in Fig. 6.1.
Fig. 6.1
An alternating supply is applied between the terminals X and Y.
an
dr
aS
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On Fig. 6.1, label the positive (+) connection to the load resistor R.
[1]
Ch
(a) (i)
ky
a
R
X
State which diodes are conducting when terminal Y of the supply is positive.
aj
it
(ii)
db
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(b) The variation with time t of the potential difference V across the load resistor R is
shown in Fig. 6.2.
ar
ra
ng
e
+8
+6
V/V
+4
re
+2
da
nd
pi
le
Co
m
UCLES 2012
For
Examiners
Use
Fig. 6.2
9702/43/O/N/12
21
aS
ha
ky
a
(i)
For
Examiners
Use
On Fig. 6.1, draw the symbol for a capacitor, connected so as to increase the mean
power dissipated in the resistor R.
[1]
Ch
(ii)
an
dr
aj
it
Co
m
pi
le
da
nd
re
ar
ra
ng
e
db
yS
On Fig. 6.2, draw the variation with time t of the new potential difference across the
resistor R.
[2]
UCLES 2012
9702/43/O/N/12
[Turn over
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For
Examiners
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
ky
a
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
an
dr
aS
ha
(b) The output of an ideal transformer is connected to a bridge rectifier, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
load
resistor
db
yS
aj
it
Ch
240 V r.m.s.
ar
ra
ng
e
Fig. 6.1
The input to the transformer is 240 V r.m.s. and the maximum potential difference across
the load resistor is 9.0 V.
On Fig. 6.1, mark with the letter P the positive output from the rectifier.
(ii)
[1]
re
(i)
Co
m
pi
le
da
nd
UCLES 2013
9702/42/M/J/13
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(c) The variation with time t of the potential difference V across the load resistor in (b) is
shown in Fig. 6.2.
For
Examiners
Use
Fig. 6.2
aj
it
Ch
an
dr
aS
ha
ky
a
(i)
db
yS
A capacitor is now connected in parallel with the load resistor to produce some
smoothing.
Explain what is meant by smoothing.
ar
ra
ng
e
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
On Fig. 6.2, draw the variation with time t of the smoothed output potential
difference.
[2]
Co
m
pi
le
da
nd
re
(ii)
UCLES 2013
9702/42/M/J/13
[Turn over