At the end of the Civil War in 1939, Franco imposed a totalitarian

regime similar to those of Hitler and Mussolini in Germany and Italy

respectively. In contrast to what happened in Germany and Italy
Francos regime in Spain did not fall after the Second World War but
continued until his death in 1975
IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
Francos regime was opposed to communism and socialism and was
based on an ideological very different from that of the Republic
Fascist ideology,
represented by the
Falange, advocated the
concentration of power
in a a single person,
Franco. He was given
the title El Caudillo and
fascist symbols such as
the fascist salute,
paramilitary uniforms
and the emblem of the
yoke and arrows were
introduced
FASCISM
IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
The Catholic church
legitimazed the
Francoist regime by
considering the
Civil War a crusade
against Marxist
atheism. The state
declared Spain a
Catholic country,
made the practice
and teaching of
Catholicism
compulsory and
gave special
privileges to the
Church
NATIONAL-
CATHOLICISM
IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
The historical model of
Habsburg Imperial
Spain was followed.
Liberalism and the
ideas of Enlightenment
that Spain had
embraced in the past
were considered the
cause of Spains
decadence
TRADITIONALISM
IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
The abolition of the
statutes of autonomy
took place and any
expression of
decentralized
nationalism was
prohibited, such as
languages or flags.
Military parades,
hymns and the
exaltation of the
national flag were
encouraged
NATIOANAL
UNITY
INTERNAL SUPPORT
FRANCOS REGIME HAD
THE SUPPORT OF

- THE FALANGE (THE
FASCIST PARTY, WHICH
WAS IN CHARGE OF
PROPAGANDA),
- THE MILITARY
ESTABLISHMENT,
- THE CATHOLIC CHURCH,
AND, INITIALLY,
- THE MONARCHISTS
POLITICALLY

- LANDOWNERS
- BUSINESSMEN, AND
- FINANCIERS

AS THE ECONOMIC
SITUATION IMPROVED,
PART OF THE
MIDDLEAND WORKING
CLASSES ALSO
ACCEPTED THE LACK OF
FREEDOM IN EXCHANGE
FOR IMPROVED LIVING
CONDITIONS
SOCIALLY
THE EVOLUTION OF THE REGIME
THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE NEW
REGIME WERE ESTABLISHED.

THE DICTATORSHIP WAS
IMPOSED THROUGH STRICT
LAWS AND MILITARY CONTROL

FRANCO WANTED SPAIN TO
SURVIVE WITHOUT AID FROM
ABROAD, AND CONSEQUENTLY

SPAIN WAS ISOLAED FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
UNTIL 1959
BETWEEN 1939AND 1959
IN THIS PERIOD SPAIN
ABANDONED ITS POLICY OF
ISOLATION AND STARTED TO
ESTABLISH RELATIONS WITHIN
OTHER COUNTRIES WITHIN THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

THE ECONOMIC SITUATION
IMPROVED BUT SPAIN DID NOT
ADSPT ITS POLITICAL SYSTEM
TO MODERN TIMES.

OPPOSITION AND DISSENT
GREW IN THE LAST YEARS OF
THE DICTATORSHIP
BETWEEN 1959 AND 1975
THE POLITICAL SITUATION BETWEEN 1939 AND 1959
From 1939 to 1942 Franco was
head of the State and the
supreme command of the army
He also intervened in legislations
There was a single political organization
composed of a single political party,
Falange Espaola Tradicionalista y de las
JONS, a single vertical trade union and
the government public offices
MOVIMIENTO
NACIONAL
As there was no constitution, the political system
was regulated bt the Leyes Fundamentales, one
of these laws, the Fuero del Trabajo, regulated
labour legislation with the creation of a Sindicato
Vertical; where employers and workeres were
grouped together according to the type of work
they did
ORGANIC DEMOCRACY
In 1942, when it was anticipated
that the totalitarian regimes in
Europe would be defeated in
the Second World War, Spain
adopted a system that had the
appearance of democracy
practices; it was called organic
democracy
7 leyes fundamentales regulated
the political system
FOREIGN POLICY
DURING THE IIWW SPAIN
DECLARED ITSEFL A NON-
BELLIGERANT NATION
HOWEVER, FRANCOS SYMPATHIES FOR THE
AXIS POWERS LED HIM TO SEND THE BLUE
DIVISION TO FIGHT FOR GERMANY IN 1941
AFTER THE WAR THE DICTATORSHIP WAS ISOLATED AND THE UN REJECTED
IT AS A MEMBER AND ADVISED OTHER COUNTRIES TO WITHDRAW THEIR
EMBASSIES FROM SPAIN
DURING THE COLD WAR, HOWEVER, THE WESTERN BLOC FOUND AN
ALLY IN FRANCO AND THIS PUT AND END TO THE SPAINS ISOLATION.
THE UN ADMITTED SPAIN IN 1953, AND THE USA SIGNED AN
AGREEMENT OF COLLABORATION WITH SPAIN ALLOWING THE
AMERICANS TO INSTALL MILITARY BASES IN SPAIN IN EXCHANGE FOR
ECONOMIC AND MILITARY SUPPORT
OPPOSITION TO THE REGIME
THE NUMEROUS EXILES WHO
ABANDONED SPAIN AFTER THE DEFEAT
OF THE REPUBLIC ORGANIZED AN
ALTERNATIVE GOVERNMENT AND NAMED
MANUEL BARRIO AS THE PRESIDENT OF
THE REPUBLIC
THE MONARCHISTS SUPPORTED DON JUAN DE BORBN,
THE SON OF ALFONSO XIII, AS THEIR CANDIDATE FOR THE
THRONE. FROM HIS EXILE IN PORTUGAL DON JUAN
WROTE A MANIFESTO DENOUNCING THE
TOTALITARIANISM OF FRANCOS REGIME AND CALLING
FOR THE REESTABLISHMENT OF THE MONARCHY (1945)
THOSE WHO OPPOSED THE REGIME IN SPAIN HAD TO GO INTO HIDING IN
THE MOUNTAINS. AROUND 10.000 ARMED A GUERRILLA FIGHTERS, KNOWN
AS THE MAQUIS, CONTINUED TO FIGHT, CARRYING OUT SABOTAGE AND
UNDERCOVER ATTACKS IN THE HOPE OF PROVOKING A POPULAR
UPRISING OR RECEIVING INTERNATIONAL HELP TO OVERTHROW FRANCO
THE POLITICAL SITUATION BETWEEN 1959-1975
INTERNAL POLICY
1
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM MAINTAINED
ITS IDEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
BETWEEN 1959 AND 1975, NEW LAWS
WERE PASSED
SUCH AS THE LEY DE PRENSA (1966) WHICH
REPEALED SYSTEMATIC CENSORSHIP BUT NOT THE
STATES CONTROL OF THE PRESS OR SUPRESSION OF
CERTAIN PUBLICATIONS
IN 1969 FRANCO APPOINTED
PRINCE JUAN CARLOS OF
BORBN AS HIS SUCCESSOR
AND WHILE THE LEY ORGANICA DEL
ESTADO (1967) CREATED THE POST OF
PRESIDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT, FRANCO
CONTINUED AS HEAD OF THE STATE
THE GOVERNMENT OF THIS
PERIOD INCLUDED SEVERAL
TECHNOCRATS, MANY OF
THEM BELONGING TO OPUS
DEI, WHO PROMOTED
ECONOMIC DEVELPMENT TO
MAINTAIN SOCIAL STABILITY
THE POLITICAL SITUATION BETWEEN 1959-1975
INTERNAL POLICY
1
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM MAINTAINED
ITS IDEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
BETWEEN 1959 AND 1975, NEW LAWS
WERE PASSED
SUCH AS THE LEY DE PRENSA (1966) WHICH
REPEALED SYSTEMATIC CENSORSHIP BUT NOT THE
STATES CONTROL OF THE PRESS OR SUPRESSION OF
CERTAIN PUBLICATIONS
IN 1969 FRANCO APPOINTED
PRINCE JUAN CARLOS OF
BORBN AS HIS SUCCESSOR
AND WHILE THE LEY ORGANICA DEL
ESTADO (1967) CREATED THE POST OF
PRESIDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT, FRANCO
CONTINUED AS HEAD OF THE STATE
THE GOVERNMENT OF THIS
PERIOD INCLUDED SEVERAL
TECHNOCRATS, MANY OF
THEM BELONGING TO OPUS
DEI, WHO PROMOTED
ECONOMIC DEVELPMENT TO
MAINTAIN SOCIAL STABILITY
THE POLITICAL SITUATION BETWEEN 1959-1975
FOREIGN POLICY 2
Equatorial Guinea obtained its independence in 1968, while in the Sahara Spain agreed to a
referendum of self-determination, but in 1975, while Franco was on his deathbed, Morocco
organized a procession of unarmed men over the territory: the Green March. To avoid war,
the Sahara was divided between Morocco and Mauritania in the agrrements of Madrid.
was presented to the UN and the
assemblys judgement was in favour of
Spain, but the United Kingdom refused to
abondon the Rock and Spain closed the
border dividing both teritories (1969)


was rejected due to the antidemocratic
character of the Franco regime
SPAINS PETITION TO BE ADMITTED TO
THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY (1962)
Aspects to consider
However, in 1970 Spain reached a
commercial agreement that granted a
reduction in import and export duties
for its trade with EC countries
CONTINUATION OF THE PROCESS OF DECOLONIZATION
SPAINS CLAIM OF SOVEREIGNTY
OVER GIBRALTAR
1
2
3
THE GREEN MARCH
1975
THE POLITICAL SITUATION BETWEEN 1959-1975
OPPOSITION TO THE
REGIME
3
IN THIS PERIOD OPPOSITION TO THE
DICTATORSHIP GREW
THE STRONGEST GROUPS WERE THE COMMUNIST PARTY (PC) AND
THE TRADE UNION COMISIONES OBRERAS
ALL THESE GROUPS HAD
TO BE CLANDESTINE
in addition, the Socialist Party and the
Socialist Trade Union UGT reorganized
themselves in the 1970s
Opposition from Catalan and asque nationaist gropups also grew,
and terrorist groups suchs as ETA and GRAPO were formed
In 1973 ETA placed a bomb under the car of the president of
the government, Admiral Carrero Blanco, killing him. This act of
terrorism weakened the regime
Franco died on the 20th November 1975, after a long illness. A week later
don Juan Carlos was crowned king of Spain
OPPOSITION TO
THE REGIME
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1: THE PERIOD OF AUTARKY (1939-1975)
After the war, Spains international isolation pushed the
country to develop a system of autarky or self-sufficiency
The state controlled the prices and production of wheat
It created the INI (Instituto Nacional de Industria) to
promote the industrial production of basic goods
It nationalized some services, such as the railway system
(RENFE),
Financed public works
Limited imports and exports
It is aim was to provide the population with products that the country could produce
on its own and this required significant intervention in the economy by the state

ECONOMIC STAGNATION
DECLINE IN AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
SHORTAGE OF BASIC PRODUCTS, WHICH LED TO HUNGER
AND TO THE RATIONING OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS THAT INCREASED IN PRICE
AND WERE ONLY FOUND IN THE BLACK MARKET (ESTRAPERLO)

CONSEQUENCES
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2: 1959, PLAN DE ESTABILIZACIN
In 1959 the autarky system was abandoned and replaced
by the Plan de Estabilizacin
Prices and commerce were deregulated
The peseta was devalued
The salaries were frozen
This was an economic program that opened the economy up to the international market
The plan was successful, and
consequently the economic
situation improved
Other factors helped to improved the economy
The arrival of foreign capital and technology
The tourist boom
The money sent home to Spain by emigrants abroad
Spain changed from an agrarian to an
industrial economy
However, regional imbalances were accentuated
and there were also greater dependency on
foreign capital and technology
POPULATION, SOCIETY AND DAILY LIFE
From 1940 to 1975 the population increased from 26 million to 35,4 million mainly after 1960
when the economic situation improved
One of the most significant migration movements was the rural exodus
Some cities grew vert quickly and this caused problems, such
as a shortage of housing, inadequecy of services, and the
creation of slums and marginal neighbourhoods on the
outskirts of the cities
External migration meant than more than a million people moved to
other countries in Western Europe, where there was a need for cheap
workforce to do hte hardest or least attrative jobs
Economic develpment also brought a new social structure and changes in everyday
life
The middle class grew considerably and the working class turned into an industrial one The
traditional rural culture changed into an urban culture since 1960. The purchasing power of
families grew and electrical appliances, cars, televisions and holidays were available . The
walfare state also improved. The Chruch lost its influence, the traditional family model based
on paternal authority started to be questioned. More women had access to the labour market
and new fashions, clothes and customs were introduced such as jeans, long hair and pop
music