ANSWERS: Energy, Solids, and Liquids Worksheet

1. A 15.75-g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its temperature changes
from 25C to 175C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.
Q=mcT 1086.75 J = (15.75)(c)(150) c = 0.460 J/g
o
C
2. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from 22C
to 55C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/gC?
Q=mcT Q = (10.0g)(0.90)(33) Q = 297J
3. To what temperature will a 50.0 g piece of glass raise if it absorbs 5275 joules of heat and its
specific heat capacity is 0.50 J/gC? The initial temperature of the glass is 20.0C.
Q=mcT 5275 J = (50.0)(0.50)(T) T = 211
o
C Final Temp = 211 + 20.0 = 231
o
C
4. 100.0 mL of 4.0C water is heated until its temperature is 37C. If the specific heat of water is
4.18 J/gC, calculate the amount of heat energy needed to cause this rise in temperature.
100.0 mL = 100.0g Q=mcT Q = (100.0)(4.184)(33) Q=14,000 J
5. What is the specific heat capacity of silver metal in J/g
o
C if 55.00 g of the metal absorbs 47.3
calories of heat and the temperature rises 15.0C?
Q=mcT 47.4 cal = (55.00)(c)(15) c = 0.05745 cal/g
o
C c = 0.24 J/g
o
C
6. A 2.70 gram piece of metal is heated to 98.7 C. It is then added to a beaker containing 150 mL
of water at 23.5 C. The final temperature of the water and metal is 25.2 C. What is the specific
heat of this metal?
Heat Lost = Heat Gained - mcT
metal
= mcT
water
-(2.70)(c)(-73.5) = (150)(4.184)(1.7) c = 5.4J/g
o
C
___________________________________________________________
7. In an exothermic reaction, is the chemical potential energy of the products less or greater
than that of the reactants?
Products have less potential energy. Energy is released in an exothermic reaction so the
products end up with less potential energy.
8. In an endothermic reaction, is the chemical potential energy of the products less or greater
than that of the reactants?
Products have more potential energy. Energy is adsorbed in an endothermic reaction so
products end up with more energy stored in them.

9. Classify the following as exothermic or endothermic reactions:
a. 550 KJ is released - EXOTHERMIC
b. the metabolism of glucose in the body provides energy - EXOTHERMIC
c. The synthesis of proteins requires energy - ENDOTHERMIC
d. 125 KJ is absorbed - ENDOTHERMIC
12. Classify the follow as exothermic or endothermic and provide H for each reaction:
a. CH
4
+ 2 O
2
---> CO
2
+ 2 H
2
O + 890 kJ EXO H = -890 kJ
b. Ca(OH)
2
+ 65.3 KJ --> CaO + H
2
O ENDO H = +65.3 kJ
c. 2 S + 3O
2
---> 2 SO
3
+ 790 KJ EXO H = - 790 kJ
d. N
2
+ O
2
+ 90.2 KJ --> 2 NO ENDO H = +90.2kJ
13. Old "hot packs" are based on the crystallization of sodium acetate from a highly concentrated
solution. What is the sign of H for this crystallization? Is the reaction exothermic or
endothermic?
H is negative Reaction Is exothermic
14. Define the molar heat of fusion of a substance?
Molar heat of fusion is the heat/energy required to melt a mole of a substance.
15. How much energy would it take to melt 36 g of ice at 0
o
C if the molar heat of fusion of water
is 6.02 KJ/mole
36g = 2.0 mole Energy = 2.0 mole x 6.02 kJ/mole = 12 kJ
16. Define the molar heat of vaporization of a substance?
Molar heat of vaporization is the heat/energy required to convery 1 mole of a substance from the
liquid to gaseous phase.
17. Rank the following intermolecular forces from the strongest (1) to the weakest (3):
_1__ Hydrogen Bonding _3_ London Dispersion Forces __2_ Dipole-Dipole Interactions
18. Use your best judgment to rank the following on boiling points from lowest (1) to highest (4):
_1_ CH
4
_4_ H
2
O _2__ CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
_3_ CH
2
Br
2

19. Define the normal boiling point of a substance?
Normal boiling point is the boiling point at 1 atm of pressure


Phase Diagram 1
For each of the questions on this worksheet, refer to the phase diagram for mysterious compound X.
20. If you have a sample of this compound at 70 atm and 200
o
C and you raise the temperature to
500
o
C, what will happen (keeping the pressure the same)? _solid will turn to liquid_


21. If you were to have a bottle containing compound X in your closet, what phase would it most likely
be in? _GAS_


22. At what temperature and pressure will all three phases coexist? ____around 50 atm and 350
o
C__

23. If I have a bottle of compound X at a pressure of 45 atm and temperature of 100
0
C, what will
happen if I raise the temperature to 400
0
C? _____sublimate (go from solid to gas)_________


24. Why cant compound X be boiled at a temperature of 200
0
C ____never exists as a liquid at 200
o
C

25. If you wanted to, could you drink compound X? NO: it is only a liquid at really high temps and
pressures__________


26.
27.
28.
29.



30.

31.


Around 100
o
C
Around 400
o
C
N/A
Liquid to gas
Around 800
o
C
Solid to liquid around 100
o
C and then liquid to gas around 200
o
C


32. What is happening to the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the sample during section 1?
The average kinetic energy is increasing

33. What is the name of the process happening during section (4)? Boiling or Vaporization

34. What would be the name of the process happening during section (4) if time were going the other
way? Condensing

35. What is the melting point of this substance? 0
o
C

36. At what temperature would this sample boil? 100
o
C

37. When this substance is melting, the temperature of the ice-water mixture remains constant
because:
a. Heat is not being absorbed
b. The ice is colder that the water
c. Heat energy is being converted to potential energy
d. Heat energy is being converted to kinetic energy

38. When a given quantity of water is heated at a constant rate, the phase change from liquid to gas
takes longer than the phase change from solid to liquid because
a. The heat of vaporization is greater than the heat of fusion
b. The heat of fusion is greater than the heat of vaporization
c. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is greater in steam than in water
d. Ice absorbs energy more rapidly than water does

39. The temperature at which a substance in the liquid state freezes is the same as the temperature at
which the substance
a. Melts b. Sublimes c. Boils d. Condenses

Read the vapor pressure diagram above.
40. What is the boiling point of ethanol at normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm).
Remember, 1 atm = 101.3 kPa
Around 80
o
C
41. What is the boiling point of chloroform at 1 atm?
Around 60
o
C
42. In a closed container, what is the approximate vapor pressure of water at 80
o
C?
50 kPa