Lab no.

1
Perform and Study Operation and Working of Temperature sensor I.C.
LM 335
Apparatus
ST-2302 Temperature Transducer Trainer
Connecting Wires
D.C. Voltmeter
Theory
I.C. LM 335
The LM335 temperature sensor is an easy to use, cost-effective sensor with decent
accuracy (around +/- 3 degrees C calibrated). The sensor is essentially a zener diode
whose reverse breakdown voltage is proportional to absolute temperature. Since the
sensor is a zener diode, a bias current must be established in order to use the device.
The spec sheet states that the diode should be biased between 400 uA and 5 mA; we'll
bias it at 2 mA. It is important to note that self-heating can be a significant factor, which
is why I'm not choosing a higher bias current. The bias circuit is as follows:

The temperature sensor's voltage output is related to absolute temperature by the
following equation: Vout = VoutT0 * T / T0, where T0 is the known reference
temperature where VoutT0 was measured. The nominal VoutT0 is equal to T0 * 10
mV/K. So, at 25 C, VoutT0 is nominally 298 K * 10 mV/K = 2.98 V (to be really accurate,
we'd need a reference temperature and a voltmeter, but nominal values are OK for our
purposes). Thus, the voltage dropped between +5 and the diode is 5V - 2.98V = 2.02V.
In order to get 2 mA bias current, we need a 1 K resistor for R1.
Procedure
First of all I got all the required apparatus from my lab incharge
Then I started the experiment and connected the trainer circuit as per the circuit
diagram.
I noted the readings of normal state LM 335 sensor.
I started the experiment by implementing 12 V to the sensor and noted readings
of corresponding voltage after every minute.
I continued the experiment for 10 minutes.
In the end all readings were compiled in the form of a graph and I made certain
graphs out of it.
Circuit Diagram






Observations and Calculations

Time/Voltage graph

Voltage/Temperature graph
3.07
3.09
3.11
3.14
3.16
3.19
3.21
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
2.95
3
3.05
3.1
3.15
3.2
3.25
3.3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V
o
l
t
a
g
e

i
n

m
i
l
i
V
o
l
t
s

Time in minutes
34
36
38
41
43
46
48
50
51
52
53
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
3.07 3.09 3.11 3.14 3.16 3.19 3.21 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

i
n

C
e
l
c
i
u
s

Voltage in miliVolts
Sr.
No.
Voltage in
milliVolts
Time in
Minutes
Temperature
in Kelvin
Temperature
in Celsius
1 3.07 0 307 34
2 3.09 1 309 36
3 3.11 2 311 38
4 3.14 3 314 41
5 3.16 4 316 43
6 3.19 5 319 46
7 3.21 6 321 48
8 3.23 7 323 50
9 3.24 8 324 51
10 3.25 9 325 52
11 3.26 10 326 53
Conclusions
The Experiment was performed to learn about the basic element for temperature
sensing in electronic circuits known as RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector). The
experiment was performed for the supply voltage of 5 V and 12 v respectively. Due to a
very minute change in the temperature and voltage readings of sensor by 5 V supply,
these readings were omitted from final observations and calculations and only 12 V
supply readings were taken as standard. The readings and the graphs clearly depicts
the behavior of LM 335 as its temperature gets increased with the applied voltage to it
and it has a direct relation of temperature and voltage and therefore a positive
temperature coefficient.