Final Solutions EE341

12 March 2001
1. (20 points)
A discrete-time linear system has the impulse response illustrated below.
(a) (5 points) Is the system causal? Explain.
Solution: No. h[1] = 0.
(b) (10 points) Find the step response of the system. Sketch your result.
Solution:
s[n] = h[n] u[n] =
n

k=
h[k] =
n

k=1
h[k]
(c) (5 points) Is the system stable? Explain.
Solution: Yes
n

n=
|h[n]| = 5 <
1
2. (20 points)
In this problem, you want to use your knowledge of how frequency translates to time in terms of
signal characteristics.
(a) (10 points) For each of the 3 time signals, draw a line to the matching Fourier Transform.
(Explain each choice)
Solution:
The rst time function goes with the rst frequency function, since it is of the form
a
n
u[n] where 0 < a < 1.
The second time function is of the form a
n
u[n] where 1 < a < 0 which has the frequency
shift by and corresponds to the last frequency plot.
The third time function is a decaying cosine. In order to decide which of the two options
is left, estimate the period of the cosine. It is roughly 5, so the frequency is about 2/5
which seems more like the third frequency plot than the second.
(b) (10 points) In each pair of plots below, both the signals were generated by ltering the same
original signal. One was the output of a high pass lter and one was the output of a low pass
lter. For both parts (i) and (ii), circle the output of the low pass lter and explain your
answers.
(i)
(ii)
Solution: The left-hand signal for part (i) and the right-hand signal for part (ii) correspond
to the output of a low-pass lter, since they are more slowly changing signals.
2
3. (25 points)
Consider the pole-zero plots illustrated below.
(a) (6 points) Specify all (if any) that could correspond to a causal, stable LTI system. (Explain)
Solution: A, B and D could correspond to a causal, stable system, because the poles are all
inside the unit circle. System C could not because the poles are on the unit circle.
(b) (6 points) Specify all (if any) that could correspond to a signal of the form x[n] = (A +
Ba
n
cos(
0
n +))u[n], assuming A = 0 and B = 0. (Explain)
Solution: None of these could correspond to this signal, since the Au[n] term requires a
pole at z = 1.
(c) (6 points) Specify all (if any) that could correspond to a real-valued time signal. (Explain)
Solution: A, B and D correspond to real-valued signals, because the poles are all either real
or come in conjugate pairs. The poles in C are not complex conjugates.
(d) (7 points) Specify all (if any) that could be called a highpass lter. (Explain)
Solution: A has the peak value for |H(e
j
)| at = and the lowest at = 0, so this
corresponds to a highpass lter. The conjugate pair poles for B and D mean that these are
bandpass shaped. C is not a normal lter since it is not real, but if anything it would be
called bandpass.
4. (30 points) Consider the system with
H(e
j
) =

2e
j
0 || < /2
0 /2 ||
(dened for [, ] only). For each of the questions below, determine if the answer is TRUE or
FALSE. Justify your choice.
(a) (7 points) This is a causal system.
Solution: FALSE
|H(e
j
)| is a box from [/2, /2] which corresponds to a sinc frunction in time, and the
linear phase term gives a time shift, so
h[n] =
2 sin(

2
(n 1))
(n 1)
h[n] = 0 for n < 0 so not causal.
3
(b) (8 points) The response to input x
1
[n] =
sin(

3
n)
n
is y
1
[n] = 2x
1
[n + 1].
Solution: FALSE
X
1
(e
j
) is a box from [/3, /3], and using the result for H above, Y
1
(e
j
) = 2X
1
(e
j
)e
j
.
y
1
[n] = 2x
1
[n 1] since the phase term leads to a 1 time shift.
(c) (7 points) When the input to the system is x
2
[n] = (1)
n
+ cos(

5
n), the output is of the
form y
2
[n] = 2 cos(

5
n +) for some [, ].
Solution: TRUE
As noted above, H(e
j
) is an ideal low-pass lter with cut-o frequency /2, so the (1)
n
term will be ltered out, but the cosine will pass with a gain of 2 and a time shift that turns
into the term.
(d) (8 points) If the input to the system is x
3
[n] as illustrated below, then the output of the
system is of the form y
3
[n] = A for some constant A.
Solution: TRUE
Since the input is an impulse train with period 3, it has Fourier series coecients a
k
= 1/3
for k = 1, 0, 1, so x
3
[n] =

1
k=1
1
3
e
jk
2
3
n
=
1
3
+ 2 cos(2n/3). The cosine term will be
ltered out, leaving a constant.
5. (40 points)
Two causal LTI systems are connected in series. It is known that the overall system response is
described by the transfer function
H(z) =
2z
3
(z
2
0.25)(z 0.5)
and that the rst system is described by the equation y[n] + 0.5y[n 1] = 2x[n].
(a) (10 points) Draw a pole-zero plot of the overall system, including the ROC.
Solution: Factoring the denominator: H(z) =
2z
3
(z+0.5)(z0.5)
2
so the the pole-zero plot should
have 3 zeroes at z = 0, 2 poles at z = 0.5 and 1 pole at z = 0.5. The ROC is outward from
the circle with radius 0.5, since the problem states that both systems are causal.
(b) (5 points) Is the overall system stable? Explain.
Solution: Yes, the ROC of the system includes the unit circle. (Or, you could say that all
poles are inside the unit circle.)
(c) (5 points) Find the transfer function H
1
(z) of the rst system.
4
Solution: From the LCCDE, we get
H(z) =
2
1 + 0.5z
1
=
2z
z + 0.5
(d) (10 points) Find the impulse response of the second system.
Solution:
H
2
(z) =
H(z)
H
1
(z)
=
2z
3
(z + 0.5)(z 0.5)
2
(z + 0.5)
2z
=
z
2
(z 0.5)
2
Using a transform provided in the formula sheet, h[n] = (n + 1)(
1
2
)
n
u[n].
(e) (10 points) Find an input that will give an output (of the overall system) of the form
A(0.5)
n
u[n] +B(0.5)
n
u[n].
Solution: This output will have the form Y (z) =
Cz
2
+Dz
(z+0.5)(z0.5)
= X(z)H(z) for some C
and D depending on A and B, so X(z) needs to cancel a zero and a pole at z = 0.5. One
possibility is X(z) =
z0.5
z
= 1 0.5z
1
. This corresponds to input x[n] = [n] 0.5[n1].
6. (25 points)
A signal is sampled at a rate of f
s
= 100Hz for half a second. The signal is then truncated
(and windowed) to create the vector x and then an FFT is taken which results in the following
magnitude vector for k = 0, . . . , 15:
|X| = [1.07 1.54 4.89 7.61 1.44 0.48 0.22 0.12 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.48 1.44 7.61 4.89 1.54]
(a) (5 points) How long was the original signal (number of samples)? What is the size of the FFT?
Solution:
The original signal has 50 samples (100 samples/sec 0.5 sec).
The FFT size is the length of X: 16.
(b) (8 points) What range of frequencies (in Hz) dominate (i.e. have signicantly higher energy
than other frequencies)?
Solution:
The magnitude of X is highest for k = 2, 3, 13, 14, where k = 13, 14 correspond to the
matching negative frequencies (k = 2, 3). The 16 frequency samples correspond to the
frequencies
2k
16
in the DT frequency domain, or
kfs
16
Hz in the CT frequency domain, where
f
s
is the sampling frequency. So the range is roughly 12-19 Hz.
(c) (12 points) You want to attenuate or eliminate the frequency components corresponding to
k = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Sketch the frequency response H(e
j
) of the ideal lter for eliminating these
frequencies. Be sure to label the cut-o frequency on the frequency axis, which should span
[, ]. What type of lter is it?
Solution: This is an ideal LPF with gain=1 and cut-o frequency somewhere between
(
10
16
,
12
16
), e.g.
5.5
8
.
5