Activity 1.1 1.2 Questions A, Questions B, Revision Questions, Test Yourself, Exam and Exam-Style Questions Side Note: in order to keep up with the note, you must be able to type at least 25 words per minute with no errors, if you cannot, you MUST go to TypingTest.com and test yourself throughout the week.
Hardware - a piece of a computer or an ICT system that you can touch, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a monitor
Software - a piece of a computer or an ICT system that you cannot touch, such as presentation software, word processor, web browser, O.S.
Activity 1.1: how many different pieces of hardware can you name? 20 is a good number. 1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Microphone 4. Monitor 5. Screen 6. System Unit 7. Speaker 8. Printer 9. Video Camera 10. Scanner 11. CD - rom 12. Memory card 13. USB drive 14. Headphone 15. Optical drive 16. Motherboard 17. joystick (game pad) 18. UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) 19. CPU 20. RAM 21. ROM 22. Heat Exchange (Fans) 23. external hard drive 24. Power supply 25. Wifi network
Activity 2.2 Name of Item Hardware Software Keyboard * Flow Charter * Web Designer * Spreadsheet * Scanner * Remote Control *
Internal Memory - there are two types of internal memory RAM - Random Access Memory (is held on a computer chip, is Volatile Memory, can be written to and read from, can be changed by the user, holds the software currently used by the user) ROM - Read Only Memory (held on a computer chip, non-Volatile, stores instructions to start the computer (BIOS),or manages computer hardware (controller chip on a hard drive), cannot be changed by the user(very hard to change once written), every single modern electronic device has ROM)
Volatile and Non-Volatile
Memory which requires power to save things is called VOLATILE (RAM) Memory which does not require power to save things is called NON-VOLATILE (FLASHDRIVE, ROM, HARDDRIVES)
1) I turn off a computer. The RAM deletes. V or NV? (Answer: Volatile) 2) I unplug my USB flash drive. The contents do not erase. V or VN? (Answer: Non-volatile)
OPERATING SYSTEMS Two basic types of operating systems Graphical User Interface (GUI) o Windows - screen is divided into areas called windows o Icons o Menus o Pointer Command Line Interface o Commands given in text form to the computer . These commands launch programs and execute tasks. Post-WIMP Interaction o Modern Portable OS's such as Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Symbian o Pinching: where you pinch your fingers together and apart to zoom in and out o Touching, Tapping o Swiping: where you can swipe with 1,2,3,4,5 fingers. o rotate o voice control, eye movement, fingerprint, body movement DIFFERENT TYPESOF COMPPUTERS Mainframe computers o powerful and sophisticated o 1 main computers allows access to MANY dummy computers the dummy computers cannot do anything by themselves o Modern mainframes consists of a regular computer with a "dummy computer" program installed on it. Personal Computers o Advantage: uses higher quality desktop-grade parts. (not always true) o Disadvantage: not mobile Laptop o Mobile o Slower, less reliable laptop-grade parts (not always true) Personal Digit Assistant (PDA) o This includes iPhone, iPad, Android phones, Android Tablets, Etc Advantages: Portable, small, light, compacts, 12 hour battery life (contacts, calendars, web browsing, typing, email, etc) Disadvantage: 12 hour battery life, fragile, can be expensive, small screen, slower than a desktop (not always true) Netbook: Has no optical drive (thinner, lighter, cheaper)(optical drive is the biggest part ihn a laptop) Smaller screens (7"-13") Very Low Power Parts (slower, but capable) still powerful smaller key board can be hard to type on smaller screen can be hard to see hard to upgrade lower performance when doing tasks Recent Developments in ICT Cloud Computing o saving files on a remote server Skydrive Dropbox Google Drive Zoho Apps NDrive QQ Web Amazon Cloud iCloud o Web Applications Word Web App Powerpoint Web App Zoho Docs QQ Web Desktop Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Advantages: Constant access to your files (as long as you have internet) convenient way to share files, especially with multiple people data held safely in the cloud (yes and no) o yes: multiple copies of your data are stored in multiple places o No: your data MAY be parsed by a third party syncs between multiple devices simple versions of software which are free online Disadvantages Internet connection required your data is entrusted to a company which may or may not be evil large amount of storage space (100GB) is very expensive Cloud services are stored in HUGE EXPENSIVE warehouses which eat up HUGE amounts of electricity what if you forget your password?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?
HOMEWORK Read Page 1-10 Make a new document title "Name-IGCSE1B-Section1" Upload this file on skydrive o write the questions and answers to activity 1.1, and 1.2 o Questions A, B
EXPLAIN A 5a) explain why is it important that a computer has a large amount of RAM and ROM more RAM will give short-term memory, which can help speed up the computer ROM stores instructions to start the computer (BIOS) or manages computer hardware. (Controller Chip on a hard drive). You only need enough ROM to fit BIOS. More ROM will not help. 5b) explain what ROM and RAM will be used for in a computer RAM is like short-term memory; it holds the programs running while power is on ROM Stores instructions to start the computer (BIOS), or manages computer hardware (controller chip on a hard drive ) EXAM-STYLE QUESTION 1) Ring two items which are storage media (circle) magnetic tape, touch pad, flash memory, OCR, Chip Reader, Light paper
2) Complete each sentence using ONE item from the list router, output, communication, software, processor, microphone, ROM, RAM, Input a) SOFTWARE means the programs that supply the instructions to the hardware to tell it what to do b) INPUT devices such as keyboard, mice and scanners are used to supply data to the computer c) OUTPUT devices are hardware such as printers, speakers and screens d) ROM is memory which is used to hold the boot program needed to start the computer up when first switched on e) RAM is memory held on a chip that can have its contents changed by the user.