The field report summarizes an inspection of the Kali Khola Bridge in Dang District, Nepal. The bridge is a single-span concrete structure 9.4 meters in length that crosses the Kali River along the Mahendra Rajmarga road. The inspection found deficiencies in both the superstructure and substructure that require repair and maintenance works, including reconstructing the deck slab, repairing the concrete wearing surface, and adding gabion structures for river training. The report provides recommendations to address the issues in order to maintain a safe bridge for public use.
The field report summarizes an inspection of the Kali Khola Bridge in Dang District, Nepal. The bridge is a single-span concrete structure 9.4 meters in length that crosses the Kali River along the Mahendra Rajmarga road. The inspection found deficiencies in both the superstructure and substructure that require repair and maintenance works, including reconstructing the deck slab, repairing the concrete wearing surface, and adding gabion structures for river training. The report provides recommendations to address the issues in order to maintain a safe bridge for public use.
The field report summarizes an inspection of the Kali Khola Bridge in Dang District, Nepal. The bridge is a single-span concrete structure 9.4 meters in length that crosses the Kali River along the Mahendra Rajmarga road. The inspection found deficiencies in both the superstructure and substructure that require repair and maintenance works, including reconstructing the deck slab, repairing the concrete wearing surface, and adding gabion structures for river training. The report provides recommendations to address the issues in order to maintain a safe bridge for public use.
The field report summarizes an inspection of the Kali Khola Bridge in Dang District, Nepal. The bridge is a single-span concrete structure 9.4 meters in length that crosses the Kali River along the Mahendra Rajmarga road. The inspection found deficiencies in both the superstructure and substructure that require repair and maintenance works, including reconstructing the deck slab, repairing the concrete wearing surface, and adding gabion structures for river training. The report provides recommendations to address the issues in order to maintain a safe bridge for public use.
DEPARTMENT OF ROADS BRIDGE PROJECT Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal
FIELD REPORT Contract No.: BP/SID/2070/71-03
Special Inspection And Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge Along Mahendra Rajmarga in Dang District.
Submitted By: Kathmandu, May 2014 Gaurav Integrated Development Associates Nepal Ltd. JV with GOEC Nepal Ltd & GIDAN P.Ltd New Baneshwor, Kathmandu. Nepal
Date: 20May, 2014 To: Bridge Project Department of Roads Babarmahal, Kathmandu Nepal
Sub: Field Report on Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge Along Mahendra Rajmarga in Dang District.
Dear Sir,
We are pleased to submit the two copies of Field Report of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga in Dang District. (Package No: BP/SID/2070/71-03)
Yours sincerely,
___________ Mangal Raj Shrestha Managing Director
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Purpose of the Project ................................................................................. 1 1.3 Bridge Site Location .................................................................................... 1 1.4 Description of the Existing Bridge ............................................................. 2 1.4.1 Span Layout and Structural Types .............................................................. 2 1.4.3 Substructure and foundation ....................................................................... 2 2.0 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Generals ........................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Field work ..................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Personnel Involved in Field survey ............................................................ 3 3.0 BRIDGE CONDITION, EXTENT AND URGENCY ................................................... 3 3.1 Superstructure ............................................................................................. 4 3.2 Substructure ................................................................................................. 6 4.0 DEFICIENCIES AND PROBLEMS IN THE BRIDGE ............................................... 7 5.0 REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME ....................................................... 7 6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................... 8
APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Photographic Records APPENDIX B: Inspection Forms
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
Page 1 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Department of Roads, the sole governmental organization is responsible for overall management of bridges along strategic Roads in Nepal. In this regard the Department of Roads, Bridge Project utilizes the services of engineering consulting firms in the Special bridge inspection and design of maintenance /repair works. As such the Consultant conducted a special inspection of the Kali Khola Bridge crossing over Kali River in Dang district.
Running along the Mahendra Rajmarga road, the bridge has been continuously facilitating to pedestrians, local peoples and many vehicles running daily in Dang The bridge is in the full authorization of Purwanchal Division of Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works which takes the responsibility of its management and maintenance.
Seemingly, the bridge is still under its design period and our extensive inspections of each part of its components claim that it is in extreme condition. Repairs like decking slab reconstruction, maintenance of parapet, repair of concrete wearing surface, addition of gabion mattresses and boxes for river training works should be done soon to avoid severe accident in near future. 1.2 Purpose of the Project The inspection and assessment of the bridge was carried out to establish scope and costs associated with repair and maintenance of the bridge elements. In this regard the purpose of the report is to describe and report the overall condition of the Kali Khola Bridge so that safe facility for the public could be provided. It also suggests on maintaining and improving the existing condition of the bridge by correcting structural and functional deficiencies associated with the bridge. The report will address the issues, problems identified and inspected in the field visit. 1.3 Bridge Site Location The Kali Khola lies in Dang district of Nepal. This bridge crosses the Kali River and lies along the Mahendra Rajmarga. Geographically; it is located at 26448.4 N Latitude and 855627.9 E Longitude.
It links Juraune at right bank and Surahi Naka at left bank through Mahendra Rajmarga . A birds eye view of the bridge site is shown as below: Photo1: Location Map of Kali Khola Bridge and vicinity map (source: Google Earth) Flow Direction Kali Khola Bridge To Surahi Naka To JURAUNE Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
Page 2 1.4 Description of the Existing Bridge 1.4.1 Span Layout and Structural Types
The Kali Khola Bridge is a through type concrete Bridge with concrete slab decking. The Bridge superstructure consist of concrete masonry parapet, resting on east and west abutments which has been founded on RCC foundation. The bridge is a single span of overall length 9.4m and its orientation is east to west.
1.4.2 Deck system
The Bridge decking has concrete wearing surface over RCC structural slab for traffic movement surface. Two brick masonry piers are provided to support the decking.
Photo 2: Decking of Bridge
1.4.3 Substructure and foundation Both abutments of the bridge are founded on RCC foundation. The bridge has RCC foundation.
Table: Summary of the Bridge information Description 1. Type of Bridge : Concrete Bridge 2. No. of Span : 1 3. Total Length : 9.4m 4. Carriageway : 9.25m 5. Footpath width : Not provided 6. Overall width : 10.36 7. Posted load restriction : - 8. Height restriction : - 9. Foundation Type : RCC Foundation 10. Deck : : Concrete wearing course upon concrete slab 11. Railings :RCC 12. Bearings : -No Bearing
Railing Drain holes Optical fibre pipe Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
Page 3 2.0 Methodology 2.1 Generals Following sequence of works had been followed for collection of field data; Preparation of Inspection Report Forms as per DoRs Bridge Inspection Manual for recording; Desk study; Arrange team for carrying out different inspection works; Mobilization of the team to site. 2.2 Field work The Field Works for Special Inspection works of the Kali Khola Bridge generally comprising of the following works that had been carried out at site, 1. Inspect each part of the bridge thoroughly and its condition 2. Record its condition using the appropriate inspection report forms 3. Sketches to illustrate the location of any defects and problems 4. Collect samples of items such as broken concrete, corrosion products or paint flakes 5. Examine the condition of any previous maintenance or repair works 6. Photographs for the record of the inspectors observations The bulk of the inspection work was carried out in 2071-01-23. The inspection consisted of a comprehensive detailed visual inspection from deck, underneath of bridge. All structural and non- structural components of the bridge were inspected. These components included floor beams, girders, abutments, piers, concrete decking. Conditions of other non-structural components such as hand-railings, road barriers, embankment and sidewalks were also assessed. Field and photographic records of the inspection are provided in Appendix A.
Condition Rating Scheme
Standard inspections forms and condition rating, (Guidelines for inspection and maintenance of bridges Vol.1 (DoR), were used. Each components of the bridge, was evaluated using the standard condition rating scheme. Inspection forms summarizing this work are provided in Appendix B. J ohnson Street Bridge Condition Assessment Report 2.3 Personnel Involved in Field survey During the inspection works of the bridge following personnel were involved to carry out the field works. S.No. Name Designation I II Nabin Pandey Rajesh Ghimire Inspector Inspector
3.0 Bridge Condition, Extent and Urgency According the bridge inspection results the condition of the bridge is rated as Good condition and its extent and urgency rated as minor. The Inspection form adhering in the appendix II describes the detail inspection report of the bridge condition, extent of damage or deterioration and urgency to its remedy.
The condition of the each parts of the bridge has been briefly described below: Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
Page 4 3.1 Superstructure Deck Slab and concrete wearing course
The inspection survey shows that concrete wearing course was wore out and was all covered by mud with some pot holes and highly significant cracks over the concrete running surface. Thorough visual inspection of the structural deck sab suggests major structural problem.
To cease further deterioration, quick attention is required within a year in order to maintain smooth running surface.
Photo 3: Cracks and wear out of running surface
Photo 4:Deck slab condition
Deck end Joints
Either no expansions joints are provided or not visible.
Drains
The condition of drain in the bridge is not good. Though there is drain holes, they arent functioning well. Drain holes are covered with mud and rest are not functioning. Figures below shows the condition of drains.
Wore out road surface. Deck slab Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
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Photo 5: drain at bridge site Photo 6: drain at bridge site covered with leaves
Photo 7: drain holes at abutments
Railings
Concrete railings is available in the bridge. The condition of railing is good and needs simple reconstruction and painting.
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
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Photo 8: condition of parapet. Photo 9: cracks in parapet
3.2 Substructure
Abutment
Both right and left abutment of the bridge is founded on open foundation and the inspection shows that its condition is in reasonable and good.
Photo 10: Right Abutment Photo 11: Left Abutment
Parapet to be painted Optical fibre pipe at Bridge site Abutment covered by bushes. Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
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Retaining walls
There is no retaining walls at the banks of river near bridge. Retaining wall at the bridge bank is required on both upstream and downstream sides of the bridges right bank. Gabion wall of length 10m is recommended on d/s side of right bank and about 5m long gabion box is recommended at the u/s side at same bank.Bushes needs to be cleared .
Photo 12: condition of d/s of the river
4.0 Deficiencies and Problems in the Bridge Though the bridge has many major structural deficiency, it lacks some components and facilities as listed below: Proper expansion joints, Well managed drainage facilities at deck. Foot path.
Some cracks are seen in concrete slab at bottom of deck, most of the part of parapet are in good condition but there is crack in some parapet. Further, if not maintained timely that might lose its structural strength and may result in collapsing.
5.0 Repair and Maintenance Programme Based on the comprehensive inspection of the structural elements of the Kali Khola Bridge an attention required immediately for the proper functioning of the bridge.
The repair and maintenance program recommended in this regard consists of the following scope:
a) Provision of drainage in order to prevent the water storage in the road surface. b) Painting traffic signs, divide lines, etc. c) Provision for gabion boxes at downstream,of the river . d) Vegetation growth at the Upstream and Downstream of river should be cleared.
Site where stone pitching is required Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
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6.0 Conclusion and recommendations The Kali Khola Bridge is built many years ago and seems un-repaired and un-maintained well over the period. The upstream and downstream side requires protection to some extent.
Comprehensive inspection of every features of the bridge suggests that the bridge superstructure is in fair condition while its foundation and abutments are at reasonably good condition. Bridge decking is also in fair condition.Some cracks are seen in the slab.so, the above recommended repair and maintenance program should be done to lengthen the life of the bridge to its intended design life.
It is recommended that the repair and maintenance works should be implemented immediately to minimize the risks associated to the vulnerability of the bridge.
Appendix- A: Photographic Records
Photo 13:Protection work at the downstream side of the river
Photo 14:Overall view of bridge Photo 15: Expose of bottom of deck
Cracks in slab Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT
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Photo 17: Upstream of river Photo 18: Downstream of river
Photo 19: Condition of parapet Photo 20: overview of bridge from upstream
Special Inspection and Design of Maintenance/Repair works of Kali Khola Bridge along Mahendra Rajmarga. FIELD REPORT