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  • Chemistry Unit 4 Equations

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    AnjumJahan
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    The document summarizes several chemical equations relating to carboxylic acids and derivatives: 1) It describes equations for the synthesis of hydroxynitriles from hydrogen cyanide and carbonyls, and carboxylic acids from aldehydes and dichromate ions with heat. 2) Equations are provided for forming salts and water from reactions of carboxylic acids with alkalis or carbonates. 3) Additional equations cover forming acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids and phosphorus chloride, esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols with acid catalysts and heat, and derivatives from reactions of esters, acyl chlorides, and amines.

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    Notes on edexcel chem 4 A2

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    The document summarizes several chemical equations relating to carboxylic acids and derivatives: 1) It describes equations for the synthesis of hydroxynitriles from hydrogen cyanide and carbonyls, and carboxylic acids from aldehydes and dichromate ions with heat. 2) Equations are provided for forming salts and water from reactions of carboxylic acids with alkalis or carbonates. 3) Additional equations cover forming acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids and phosphorus chloride, esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols with acid catalysts and heat, and derivatives from reactions of esters, acyl chlorides, and amines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    171 views2 pages

    Chemistry Unit 4 Equations

    Uploaded by

    AnjumJahan
    The document summarizes several chemical equations relating to carboxylic acids and derivatives: 1) It describes equations for the synthesis of hydroxynitriles from hydrogen cyanide and carbonyls, and carboxylic acids from aldehydes and dichromate ions with heat. 2) Equations are provided for forming salts and water from reactions of carboxylic acids with alkalis or carbonates. 3) Additional equations cover forming acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids and phosphorus chloride, esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols with acid catalysts and heat, and derivatives from reactions of esters, acyl chlorides, and amines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chemistry Unit 4 Equations

    Hydrogen Cyanide + Carbonyls ---- Hydroxynitriles



    Aldehyde + Acidified dichromate (VI) ions ---- Carboxylic acid (Heat &
    reflux)

    Carboxylic acids + Aq. Alkali ---- Salt + H20
    CH3COOH + NaOH ---- CH3COONa + H20
    Carboxylic acids + Carbonates ---- Salt + Water + CO2
    2CH3COOH (aq) + NA2C03 (s) ---- 2CH3COONa(aq) + H20 (l) + CO2 (g)

    CH3COOH (aq) + NaHCO3 (s) ---- CH3COONa (aq) + H20 (l) + C02 (g)

    Phosphorus (V) Chloride + Carboxylic acid ---- Acyl chloride + POCl3 + HCl

    Carboxylic acid + Alcohol <<----- Ester + Water (Acid catalyst & heat)
    (Esterification)

    Ethanoic acid + Ethanol <<------ Ethyl ethanoate + H2O

    Ester + Dilute alkali <<----- Carboxylate ion + Alcohol (Reflux)

    Ethyl ethanoate + OH
    -
    <<---- Ethanoate + Ethanol

    Ester + Water <<---- Acid + Alcohol (Dilute acid & reflux)

    Ethyl ethanoate + H2O <<---- Ethanoic acid + Ethanol

    Acyl chlorides + Water ---- Carboxylic acid + Hydrogen chloride (Cold
    water)

    Ethanoyl chloride + H2O ---- Ethanoic acid + Hydrogen chloride

    Acyl chlorides + Alcohols ---- Ester + Hydrogen Chloride (Reflux)

    Ethanoyl chloride + Methanol ---- Methyl ethanoate + HCl

    Acyl chlorides + Ammonia ---- Amide + Hydrogen chloride (r.t.p)

    Ethanoyl chloride + Ammonia ---- Ethanamide + HCl

    Acyl chlorides + Amines ---- N-substituted amide + Hydrogen chloride

    Ethanoyl chloride + Amine ---- N-methylethanamide + HCl

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