DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT DAIRY HERD MANAGEMENT

Dr. Dr. Avijit Avijit Dey Dey

B.V.Sc B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V. Sc. (NDRI), Ph.D. (IVRI) . & A.H., M.V. Sc. (NDRI), Ph.D. (IVRI)
PURPOSE OF ANIMAL REARING
MILK
MEAT
HIDE
WOOL & HAIR
FUEL & FERTILIZER (COW DUNG)
TRANSPORTATION (BULLOCK CART)
PLOUGHING
2
MILK
MEAT
HIDE
WOOL & HAIR
FUEL & FERTILIZER (COW DUNG)
TRANSPORTATION (BULLOCK CART)
PLOUGHING
Ploughing
3
Transportation
4
Transportation of Milk
5
Transportation
6
ASPECTS OF LIVESOCK MANAGEMENT
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDING
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDING
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDING
BREEDING
FEEDING
WEEDING
HEEDING
HOUSING HOUSING
HYGIENE & SANITATION HYGIENE & SANITATION
CARE OF ANIMALS CARE OF ANIMALS
BREEDING
Selection of breed
Bred at proper age
Avoid haphazard breeding
Maintain record
8
Selection of breed
Bred at proper age
Avoid haphazard breeding
Maintain record
BREEDING
9
FEEDING
Sorghum /maize/pearl millet 30 kg
Rice bran/wheat bran 30 kg
Groundnut cake 25 kg
Toor chuni/ gram husk: 12 kg
Mineral mixture 2kg
Composition of concentrate mixture
10
Common salt 1kg
Treatment of Straw
11
Heeding (Culling)
12
Culled cow after 6
th
lactation
Disease; Mastitis, Brucellosis,
Injury; cut teats, damaged teats
Permanent disable cow; leg, feet
Major reproductive problems
Male calves at early age
HOUSING
HOUSING
Model Cattle Shed
15
Mist Cooling System
16
Covered area (m
2
) Open area(m
2
)
Bulls 12 120
Cows 3.5 7.0
Floor Space Requirement
17
Cows 3.5 7.0
Down calvers 12.0 12.0
Young calves
upto 3 months
1.0 2.0
Older calves 2.0 4.0
Management of Heifer
Monitor growth
Come to heat at 18 months of age
Regular deworming
Regular vaccination
Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given
form 6 month
18
Monitor growth
Come to heat at 18 months of age
Regular deworming
Regular vaccination
Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given
form 6 month
Age Determination
Time of eruption Incisors (lower jaw)
Birth 1month All 8 temporary incisors
2yrs- 2.5 yrs 1
st
pair of permanent incisors
19
2yrs- 2.5 yrs 1
st
pair of permanent incisors
3yrs- 3.5 yrs 2
nd
pair of permanent incisors
4yrs- 4.5 yrs 3
rd
pair of permanent incisors
5yrs- 5.5 yrs 4
th
pair of permanent incisors
Care of Pregnant Cow
Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given
form 6 month
Method of Drying (stop milking)
Incomplete milking
Intermittent milking
Complete cessation
20
Feeding; extra 0.5-1.0kg concentrate given
form 6 month
Method of Drying (stop milking)
Incomplete milking
Intermittent milking
Complete cessation
Care of advanced Pregnant Cow
Feeding; extra 1.0-1.5kg concentrate given
Provide mineral mixture
Provide green fodder
Not chased by the dog, bull or other animals
Do not allow to fight with other animals
Bedding should be provided
Slippery floor avoided
Close watching of the animal
21
Feeding; extra 1.0-1.5kg concentrate given
Provide mineral mixture
Provide green fodder
Not chased by the dog, bull or other animals
Do not allow to fight with other animals
Bedding should be provided
Slippery floor avoided
Close watching of the animal
Parturition Parturition
Parturition Parturition
Management of New Born Calves Management of New Born Calves
Remove mucous from the calf's mouth and nose.
Vigorously rub and dry the calf with warm towels.
Feed the calf approx. 3 liters (3 quarts) of colostrum
within 30 minutes of birth and continue 4 days.
Naval cord- tied 2.5cm
Alternate to colostrum; 2 eggs +30ml castor oil
Protection from cold weather
Remove mucous from the calf's mouth and nose.
Vigorously rub and dry the calf with warm towels.
Feed the calf approx. 3 liters (3 quarts) of colostrum
within 30 minutes of birth and continue 4 days.
Naval cord- tied 2.5cm
Alternate to colostrum; 2 eggs +30ml castor oil
Protection from cold weather
Management of New Born Calves Management of New Born Calves
Management of New Born Calves Management of New Born Calves
Colostrum Feeding
FEEDING OF CALF FEEDING OF CALF
27 27
Common Diseases of Calves Common Diseases of Calves
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
Joint ill
Round worm infection
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
Joint ill
Round worm infection
Management of Calves Management of Calves
Removal of extra teat
Dehorning (3-10days) ; Costic potash stick/hot iron
rod
Regular deworming (piperazine, albendazole),
grooming
Record keeping
Removal of supernumerary teats
Removal of extra teat
Dehorning (3-10days) ; Costic potash stick/hot iron
rod
Regular deworming (piperazine, albendazole),
grooming
Record keeping
Removal of supernumerary teats
CASTRATION
Younger age (about 2 yrs of age)
30
Vaccination Schedule Vaccination Schedule
Disease Vaccine Dose
(mL)
Repeat Time of
vaccination
FMD Raksha-OVAC 2 I/M 6 months
HS & BQ Alum
Precipitated
Vaccine
5 S/C I yr Before rainy
season
31 31
HS & BQ Alum
Precipitated
Vaccine
5 S/C I yr Before rainy
season
Anthrax Spore Vaccine 1 S/C 1 yr Before rainy
season
NEWLY CALVED COW
Placenta should be expelled 2-8 hours after
calving.
Animal should not consume placenta
Chance of milk fever
Cleaning of back side of the animals
Milking regularly
Check for possible prolapse
Udder checked
Nutrition
32
Placenta should be expelled 2-8 hours after
calving.
Animal should not consume placenta
Chance of milk fever
Cleaning of back side of the animals
Milking regularly
Check for possible prolapse
Udder checked
Nutrition
Milk Fever Milk Fever
33 33
Reproduction Management Reproduction Management
Heat detection
Artificial Insemination
34
Pregnancy Diagnosis
Heat Detection
Restlessness
Appetite depressed
Bellowing
Rise of body temperature
Mucus discharge from vagina
Mounting other animals
Depressed milk yield
Frequent urination
35
Restlessness
Appetite depressed
Bellowing
Rise of body temperature
Mucus discharge from vagina
Mounting other animals
Depressed milk yield
Frequent urination
Artificial Insemination (AI)
Why do AI?
When do AI?
36
Why do AI?
When do AI?
Pregnancy Diagnosis
Cessation of estrus
Tendency to grow fat
Increase body weight
Tendency to consume more feed
Sign of pregnancy
37
Cessation of estrus
Tendency to grow fat
Increase body weight
Tendency to consume more feed
Symptoms of pregnancy
Per-rectal examination
Restrain of Animal
38
Disposal of Manure
Alnutts Manure pit 4.5 quintals manure/m
3
Manure transferred to the field twice a year
39
3 m
2
2.5 m
Mi l k i ng Management Mi l k i ng Management Mi l k i ng Management Mi l k i ng Management
PRINCIPLE OF MILK SYNTHESIS
MILKING OF ANIMALS
42
STRIPPING
KNUCKLING
FULL HAND MILKING
Machine Milking
Machine Milking
44
45