English For Free - 2Nd Bat - Unit 2 - Stand Up For Your Rights

ENGLISH FOR FREE - 2nd BAT - UNIT 2 - STAND UP FOR YOUR RIGHTS
UNIT 2

STAND UP FOR YOUR RIGHTS

Previous Knowledge
Different possibilities to talk about the future.
How to form and use will, be going to and Present Continuous.
How to form gerunds and infinitives.

Aims
How to form and use Future Continuous and Future Perfect.
The differences between so and such, and too and enough.

INTRO
Video by Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders
Facebook Chief Operations Officer Sheryl Sandberg looks at why a smaller percentage of women than
men reach the top of their professions -- and offers 3 powerful pieces of advice to women who want to be
top senior executives.

Before watching the video, check the meaning of these words.
pitch a deal _________________ kind of __________________ workforce _________________
drop out ___________________ guilty ___________________ data _____________________
amount ___________________ household ________________

Now watch the video.
Please answer the following questions in pairs.
Do you think that women are equally capable of doing the same jobs as men?
Have women got the same salaries as men for the same jobs?
Do you think that we would live in a better world if there was the same amount of women as men in top
positions in politics?

READING
The following text is adapted from a CFP (Call For Papers) for the conference Arab Spring 2013 :
Towards a New Middle East Society. Expectations and Reality after the Arab Spring.

Javier Garca Bonifaz - Creative Commons License - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
CC BY-NC-SA 1
Call For Papers
18-19 November 2013 Towards a New Middle East Society. Expectations and Reality after the Arab
Spring (Institute for Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland)
The Middle East has been undergoing a series of serious transformations which may develop in various
directions. The political and economic situation in the region has still been shaped since the events of the
beginning of 2011, by social and political protests. Demands of democracy, articulated by the protesters in
Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Libya or Syria prove that Arab societies do not want to be excluded from the
decision-making process. On the other hand, any vision of development to satisfy human needs could
only be formulated and realized by a strong center of authority. If expectations for the development vision
are going to be prolonged, countries might be threatened by the disintegration of the state and the
economy and power will again evolve in the direction of authoritarianism. So, what is the future of the
Middle East after the Arab Spring? Is the region going towards a new democratic society or a new
authoritarianism? These questions have provoked debates and many concepts have been proposed to
explain what has happened in the region. However, the explanatory model of these events still remains
open and an initial analysis of these proposals brings the conclusion that such a model should be
formulated from the perspective of various disciplines. The conference wants to present innovative
research from the social and related sciences, as well as at discussing approaches that concern
contemporary developments in the Middle East.
We invite the submission of abstracts from any disciplinary field which covers the main theme. It is
anticipated that the discussion will include a variety of perspectives from which this topic can be
understood, dealing with all the regions: North Africa, the Fertile Crescent and the Persian Gulf. We also
welcome a review of the literature on the themes, as well as papers on the relevance of current research
to assistance programs for the Middle East.
Proposals for abstracts should be sent using this link: http://www.arabspring.eu/#!/call/abstract-
submission/
Abstracts should be around 300 words and include the paper title and the name and contact details of the
presenter. Panels will be comprised of three papers of 15 minutes' presentation time plus 5 minutes for
discussion.
Please find additional information and announcements on the website: http://www.arabspring.eu/
Deadline for submission of abstracts: 30th September 2013. Notification of acceptance of abstracts: 10th
October 2013. Accepted papers will be published in the annual "Hemispheres, Studies on Cultures and
Societies".

What is the meaning of the following words?
undergo (V)
a) To experience or be subjected to something unpleasant.
b) To say that you will cause someone harm or trouble if they do not do what you want.
c) To have as a subject; to discuss.
d) To be relevant or important to; to affect or involve.
threaten (V)
concern (V)
deal (V) with sth/sb
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Look at the expressions in bold. What do they mean? Choose the right answer.
If expectations for the development vision are going to be prolonged, (...)
a) A promise.
b) A prediction.
c) Something that is certain to happen.
d) An announcement of future facts.
It is anticipated that the discussion will include a variety of perspectives ()
a) A promise.
b) A prediction.
Panels will be comprised of three papers ()
a) A promise.
b) A prediction.
Accepted papers will be published in the annual ()
a) A promise.
b) A prediction.

What is the meaning of this expression?
(...) such a model should be formulated from the perspective of various disciplines.
a) The model previously mentioned.
b) A model totally different to the one previously mentioned.
c) A bad model.
d) A good model.

Answer the following questions in pairs.
What do you know about the Arab spring?
Do you know any muslim people?
What do you think the future of the movement will be?
Do you think that most Arab countries will turn into democracies? Why?

GRAMMAR 1
will, be going to and Present Continuous
1. will
Forms
Future Simple is formed with will + the base form of the verb in the affirmative.
They will arrive soon.
In the negative, we just add not to will, normally contracted as wont.
They will not arrive soon. / They wont arrive soon.
In the interrogative, will comes before the subject, unless the subject is an interrogative pronoun.
Will they arrive soon?
Who will arrive soon?
All persons are the same in Future Simple.

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Uses
Will is used
to announce future facts or actions
The president will meet the ambassador at 10 o'clock.
to express a sudden decision taken at the moment do speaking
There is someone at the door. I'll open it.
to express a prediction based on personal opinion
I think he wont pass his exams.
to warn someone
Work harder or you'll be sorry later.
He won't come unless we invite him.
to express the future in the main clause when there is subordinate clause of time (with when, before,
after, until, as soon as, by the time, etc.)
As soon as the teacher goes, they'll start playing football.
She'll give you the book when she comes back.

Time expressions
There are some time expressions which can be used at the beginning or at the end of the sentence:
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Monday, next week, next month, next year, in the year 2025, later
on.
Tomorrow Ill talk to Jane about our homework.
Shell be 18 next Sunday.

Exercises
Put the words in the right order.
next / the / be / will / president? / Who
___________________________________________________________________________________
When / your / will / brother / from / be / work? / back
___________________________________________________________________________________
our / win. / I / will / think / team
___________________________________________________________________________________
I / before / go. / you / phone / will / I
___________________________________________________________________________________
Translate the following sentences into English using will.
Les dar el ordenador en cuanto los vea.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Ella cumplir 17 la semana que viene.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Me reunir con ella pasado maana.
___________________________________________________________________________________
No lo haremos a menos que ella nos lo pida.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Si no trabajan duro no aprobarn el examen.
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. be going to
Forms
In the affirmative, the expression be going to to express future is formed with the Present of the verb to be
(am, is, are) + going to + the base form of the verb.
Im going to buy a new car very soon.
She is driving too fast! Shes going to have an accident!
In the negative, we just add not to the verb to be (am not, isnt, arent).
He isnt going to buy the computer he saw last week.
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In the interrogative, the verb to be comes before the subject, unless the interrogative pronoun is the
subject.
When are they going to move to their new house?
Who is going to do the shopping next weekend?

Uses
Be going to is used
to talk about intentions
Im going to eat less chocolate.
to talk about our future plans
Im going to buy a car next week.
Shes going to decorate her room.
when we see clearly that something is certain to happen in the future
Look at that man on the red motorbike! Hes going to have an accident!

Time expressions
The time expressions are the same as the ones used with will.

Exercises
Write sentences using be going to.
she / have a baby / in December.
________________________________________________________________________________
they / not travel / to the USA / next summer.
________________________________________________________________________________
you / play football / this afternoon?
________________________________________________________________________________
it / rain / this evening.
________________________________________________________________________________
who / come / to the party?
________________________________________________________________________________

Translate the following sentences into English using be going to.
La nueva vecina se va a mudar el mes que viene.
________________________________________________________________________________
An no sabemos dnde vamos a pasar las navidades.
________________________________________________________________________________
Voy a cenar pescado esta noche.
________________________________________________________________________________
No te preocupes. No se van a enfadar contigo.
________________________________________________________________________________
Vamos a buscar la cartera.
________________________________________________________________________________

3. Present Continuous
Uses
Apart from the other uses we saw in the Revision Unit, Present Continuous is used to talk about planned
actions that will happen in the near future.
Were watching the film at 7 o'clock.
Im flying to Paris this afternoon.

Time expressions
The time expressions used with Present Continuous to express future are the same as for will and be
going to.
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Exercises
Write sentences with Present Continuous.
I / meet / James / tomorrow.
______________________________________________________________________________
They / not play basketball / this afternoon.
______________________________________________________________________________
They / not work / next weekend.
______________________________________________________________________________
Who / come / to the party / this evening?
______________________________________________________________________________

Translate the following sentences into English using Present Continuous.
A las cinco volamos a Londres.
______________________________________________________________________________
Esta noche voy al cine.
______________________________________________________________________________
Maana por la maana juegan un partido importante.
______________________________________________________________________________
Hoy comemos spaghetti.
______________________________________________________________________________
Normalmente ella cena en casa, pero hoy cena fuera.
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Contrast between will, be going to and Present Continuous with future
meaning.
Intentions
Will is used to express future intentions which are taken at the moment of speaking (offers, promises and
decisions). Be going to is used to express future intentions decided before the moment of speaking.
Your suitcase looks heavy. Ill help you.
Im going to help her carry her suitcases to the airport.
Predictions
Will is used to make predictions based on personal opinions or intuitions. Be going to is used to make
predictions based on evidence.
I think well have a good time on the beach.
Jane is going to have a baby next month.
Future plans
Be going to is used to express future intentions which have been decided, but not fully planned. Present
Continuous is used to express future events for which plans and arrangements have already been made.
Theyre going to get married next summer. (It still has to be arranged.)
Theyre getting married next Sunday. (Everything is arranged.)

Exercises
Translate the following sentences into English.
Creo que lo pasareis bien.
______________________________________________________________________________
De acuerdo, te ayudar con las maletas.
______________________________________________________________________________
Mira esas nubes. Va a llover.
______________________________________________________________________________
Ya tengo los billetes. Maana vuelo a Roma.
______________________________________________________________________________
Voy a estudiar medicina el ao prximo.
______________________________________________________________________________
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Future Continuous, Future Perfect Simple and Future Perfect
Continuous
1. Future Continuous
Forms
In the affirmative, Future Continuous is formed with will be + the -ing form of the verb.
Tomorrow at this time Ill be flying to Paris.
In the negative we just add not to will (wont).
We wont be learning English tomorrow at this time.
In the interrogative, the subject comes after will, unless the interrogative pronoun is the subject.
Will you be playing football tomorrow afternoon?
Who will be playing football tomorrow afternoon?

Uses
Future Continuous is used
to talk about actions which will be happening at a specific time in the future
Don't come before 10 o'clock. Well be sleeping.
to talk about a future action that has been planned in advance
This time next Monday Ill be flying to Paris.

Exercises
Translate the following sentences into English using Future Continuous.
Maana estar comprando toda la maana.
_______________________________________________________________________________
A esta hora maana estar estudiando.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Estars jugando a ftbol esta tarde?
_______________________________________________________________________________
No vengas maana. Estar pintando mi habitacin.
_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Future Perfect Simple
Forms
In the affirmative Future Perfect Simple is formed with will have + the past participle of the verb.
By this time next year, we will have finished our degree.
He wont have finished his homework at 6 oclock.
In the interrogative the subject comes after will, unless the interrogative pronoun is the subject.
Will you have finished your degree by July?
Who will have finished homework by 6 oclock?

Uses
Future Perfect Simple is used to talk about an action which will have finished at a specific time in the
future.
By January he will have finished his degree.

Time expressions
We normally use time expressions introduced by the preposition by (with the meaning of before or not
later than a particular time).
By this time tomorrow I will have finished my composition.

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Exercises
Translate the following sentences into English.
Para finales de enero habremos ledo todos los libros.
_______________________________________________________________________________
El prximo junio habr vivido aqu cinco aos.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Habrn descubierto los cientficos una cura para el cncer antes de 2030?
_______________________________________________________________________________
No me llames despus de las 11. Me habr ido a la cama.
_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Future Perfect Continuous
Forms
Future Perfect Continuous is formed with will have been + the -ing form of the verb.
By three oclock Ill have been working for nine hours.
We wont have been sleeping for more than two hours by six oclock.
In the interrogative the subject comes after will, unless the subject is the interrogative pronoun.
How long will you have been sleeping by midnight?
Who will have been working for more than ten hours by two oclock?

Uses
Future Perfect Continuous indicates how long an action will have been in progress until a specific time in
the future.
By May I will have been studying Russian for three years.

Time expressions
We normally used time expressions introduced by the preposition by (with the meaning of before or not
later than a particular time).
By this time tomorrow Ill have been working for twelve hours without stopping.

Exercises
Complete the sentences with Future Perfect Simple or Future Perfect Continuous.
Come to my house around six. I ____________________________ (finish) my work by then.
In twenty minutes, the meat _______________________________ (cook) for one hour.
By midnight they __________________________________ (fly) for twelve hours.
By the end of June they ________________________________ (do) all their exams.

Rewrite the sentences using Future Perfect Simple or Future Perfect Continuous without
changing the meaning.
The school ends on 25th June.
By the end of June, the school _________________________________________________ .
He started working here in June 2010.
By July 2025, he _____________________________________________ here for 15 years.
Were going to learn English from ten to eleven.
At half past ten we __________________________________________ English for half an hour.

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VOCABULARY
Politics and democracy
Match the definitions to one of the following words.
Act Bill budget left-wing poll right-wing
A law that has been officially accepted by Parliament or Congress. ________________________
The money that is available to an organization or person. _____________________________
A written proposal for a new law. _____________________________
A person or group that supports the ideas and beliefs of capitalism. ________________________
The process of finding out what people think about something by asking many people the same question.
_____________________________
A person or group that supports the political aims of groups such as Socialists and Communists. _______
_________________

So and such
So is followed by an adjective or an adverb. Such is followed by an adjective plus a noun. Both reinforce
the meaning of the adjective, adverb or noun.
This suit is so expensive.
I wake up so early in the morning.
I had such a great time last night.
If such is followed by a countable singular name, a/an come after such.
She is such a lovely girl!
Weve seen such an interesting film.
If such is followed by a mass noun or a plural noun, we don't use the article.
He has got such beautiful music!
He writes such interesting books!
Quite often, expressions with such and so are followed by a subordinate clause with that, which
expresses the result or the consequence.
The match was so boring that we left before the end.
It was such a boring match that we left before the end.
So much and so many are followed by nouns.
He has so much money that he doesn't know how to spend it.
There were so many people that we could hardly move.

Exercises
Complete with such or so.
The weather was _____ hot that we decided to go to the beach.
Your book is _____ good that I cant stop reading.
It was ______ a great book that I read it five times.
He has got _______ many friends that he goes to parties every weekend.
There was _______ a long queue that we waited for five hours.

Combine the following sentences using so ... that or such ... that.
James is very rich. He can buy anything he wants.
________________________________________________________________________________
Jane and Rick are a lovely couple. We visit them every Sunday.
________________________________________________________________________________
The water was extremely cold. We didnt swim.
________________________________________________________________________________
I waited for a very long time. I became very impatient.
________________________________________________________________________________
The book was very long. I didnt have time to finish it.
________________________________________________________________________________

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Too and enough
Too
Too is used to indicate more than is wanted or necessary. It is followed by an adjective or an adverb.
He is too short to be a goalkeeper.
You've come too late. She's already gone.
Too can be followed by much plus uncountable nouns or many plus plural countable nouns.
She spent too much money on that car.
There were too many people at the party.
Too can also be followed by a noun phrase formed by a/an, an adjective and a noun. This structure is not
possible without a/an.
He is too kind a boy to refuse.
You are too rich a man to stay at this cheap hotel.

Enough
Enough is used to indicate that we do not need more or that there is a sufficient amount. Enough follows
an adjective or an adverb.
He is not tall enough to be a goalkeeper.
They don't work hard enough.
Enough can be used with a noun, but it then comes before the noun.
I haven't got enough money to buy that shirt.

Exercises
Complete the sentences with too or enough.
I cant drive home. Im ________ tired.
I speak French well __________ to understand her.
The tea is ________ hot. I cant drink it.
She talked loud _________ for everyone to understand her.
He has got _______ money to buy that car.

Rewrite the following sentences using too and a different adjective or adverb without changing
the meaning.
I am not old enough to vote.
__________________________________________________________________________________
She isnt tall enough to reach the ceiling.
__________________________________________________________________________________
James didnt come early enough to see Janet.
__________________________________________________________________________________
We didnt run fast enough to win the race.
__________________________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the following sentences using enough and a different adjective or adverb without
changing the meaning.
He is too young to drive.
__________________________________________________________________________________
The water was too cold to swim.
__________________________________________________________________________________
He spoke too quietly and we couldnt understand him.
__________________________________________________________________________________
I am too short to be the center in my basketball team.
__________________________________________________________________________________

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PRONUNCIATION
/#/

/"/ is a sound that doesnt exist in Spanish. Its pronunciation is in the middle between /a/ and /o/.

Letters that are usually pronounced with this sound:
u : sun, cut
o : son, come, done, mother, nothing, onion
ou : country, couple, enough, young
oo : blood, flood
oe : does

LISTENING
This listening is from elllo (http://www.elllo.org/english/1101/1116-Kat-Age.htm). You are going to listen to
Kat and Matthew talk about the right age to do various things in life.
Before listening, check the following vocabulary:
appropriate backwards nothing big ingrained turn out
1. Were all hoping the project will _________________ well.
2. Wear something _________________ for the occasion.
3. I admit there were flaws, but they're __________________ .
4. The villagers have a _________________ way of life, but they're happy.
5. It's difficult to change, because it's an _______________ habit.

Now listen to the conversation and answer the questions.
1) What are some things Matt thinks should have an appropriate age?
a) Getting married. b) Drinking. c) Smoking. d) Going to a casino.
2) What is the European standpoint about the driving age in America?
a) It makes sense. b) You should be able to drink before you drive.
c) It doesn't make sense. d) It teaches you to be responsible.
3) What does Matt feel about the age limits in Germany?
a) It causes less problems with drinking and driving. b) People get tired of drinking.
c) There is no reason to drive drunk in Germany. d) 16 is too young to drink.
4) How does Matt feel about the drinking age in the US?
a) It is a good age. b) People should be able to drink if they are adults.
c) It is really late. d) People should be able to drink before they are eighteen.
5) Why does Kat think that the drinking age in Europe is lower?
a) Because people can drink more. b) Because it's part of tradition.
c) Because drinking goes with eating. d) Because people are more responsible

Listen again and read the transcript.

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GRAMMAR 2

1. Gerunds
We use gerunds
as the subject of the sentence when we are talking about general actions
Smoking is bad for your health.
as the complement of certain verbs and expressions
I like eating out.
after a preposition
Were tired of waiting for them.

Verbs and expressions that are followed by gerund.
like/dislike, enjoy, keep, discuss, miss, prefer, theres/its no use, cant help, be worth, be used
to, cant stand, feel like, get used to
I enjoy playing basketball.
This flat isnt worth buying.
Theres / Its no use writing an email to them.

Exercises
Complete the sentences with one of the following gerunds.
listening, driving, studying, going
_____________ demands great concentration.
Instead of _____________ , I went to the cinema.
I am tired of _____________ to this type of music.
I dont feel like ____________ to the cinema tonight.

Complete the sentences with a suitable gerund.
Its no use ___________ him how to drive; he doesnt want to learn.
I dislike ____________ fiction.
I dont enjoy _____________ abroad.
That film isnt worth _______________ .

2. Infinitives
We use infinitives
as the subject of the sentence when we are talking about a specific action
To go there now would be a mistake.
as the complement of certain verbs and expressions (afford, agree, appear, arrange, choose,
decide, hope, manage, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, volunteer, want)
We decided to go to the party.
after some adjectives
I was very happy to see Jane yesterday.
after certain nouns
He made an attempt to pass the exam.
after adjectives or adverbs with enough or too
He is old enough to drive. / He is too young to drive.
after some verbs which are followed by a noun or a pronoun (advise, allow, convince, enable,
forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, want, warn)
I advised him to take the bus.
James told me to be there at 10.00.
I want you to leave right now.

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Exercises
Complete the sentences with a suitable infinitive.
He decided ______________ Madrid.
I arranged _____________ her at the cinema.
I cant afford _____________ that car.
I want you ______________ here immediately.
He promised _____________ to me an email every day.

3. Verbs followed by a gerund or an infinitive
Verbs followed by a gerund or an infinitive without a change in meaning.
The following verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive without a change in meaning:
advise, allow, begin, cant bear, cease, continue, hate, like, love, permit, prefer, recommend, start
I started working at six. / I started to work at six.
With advise, allow, permit and recommend we use an infinitive if they have an indirect complement and a
gerund if they havent got it.
Jane advised me to see a doctor.
Jane advised seeing a doctor.

Verbs followed by a gerund or an infinitive with a change in meaning
The following verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive, but their meaning changes in each case.
stop
Followed by a gerund it means not going on doing something
He stopped eating and left the restaurant.
Followed by an infinitive it means not going on doing something in order to do something else
He stopped to eat a snack.
forget
Followed by a gerund it usually appears in negative sentences to express it is impossible
to forget something
We will never forget flying over Grand Canyon.
Followed by an infinitive it means not remembering that we have/had to do something
I forgot to buy my lunch.
regret
Followed by a gerund it means that we regret that we did something in the past
He regrets telling her all the story.
Followed by an infinitive it means that we regret what we are going to say next
I regret to inform you that the plane has already left.
remember
Followed by a gerund it means we remember something we did in the past
I remember visiting your aunt at the hospital.
Followed by an infinitive it means we remember that we have/had to do something
Remember to do your homework.
try
Followed by a gerund it means trying something in order to achieve something
We tried calling a taxi, but the line was dead.
Followed by an infinitive it means making an effort
We tried to pass the exam, but it was too difficult.

EXERCISES
Choose the correct answer.
She cant get used to living / live without cats.
I forgot picking / to pick up my girlfriend at the airport.
I hope he remembered telling / to tell his parents that hed be late.
They arent interested in seeing / to see that film.
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I promised him not to lose / losing his book.
I dont want to insult / insulting anyone.
Its no use to go / going there. The door is locked.
I dont mind to help / helping with your luggage.
I want you to come / coming to my house.
I dont remember to tell / telling you a lie.
He tried to take / taking the bus, but it was too late.

SPEAKING
Think of a current problem in Spain. It might be the economic crisis, violence against women,
unemployment among young people, poor credibility of politicians or any other.
Work in pairs.
Tell your partner what the problem is and what possible solutions could be implemented to solve the
problem. Your partner must agree or disagree about your solutions. If your partner disagrees, try to
convince him/her that your ideas might work.

WRITING
A leaflet for a protest.
A shopping centre is going to be built in a beautiful natural environment near your house. You want to call
your neighbours for a demonstration against it. Write a leaflet to do that.
You should write at least three paragraphs.
1st paragraph: explain the problem.
2nd paragraph: tell your neighbours the consequences that it would have.
3rd paragraph: summon your neighbours to the demonstration. Think of a motto for the demonstration.

CLIL
Religions in the world
What are the main religions in the world?
What do you know about them?
Do you think that religion should be taught at schools?

Religions in the world (adapted from Wikipedia, Major religious groups)
The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major
groups, although this is by no means a uniform practice. This theory began in the 18th century with the
goal of recognizing the relative levels of civility in societies.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World-religions.PNG
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(From religioustolerance.org, http://www.religioustolerance.org/worldrel.htm)

Geographical distribution of prevailing organized religions throughout the world:

The future of religions
Discuss the following topics in pairs.
What religions do you think are growing?
Do you think that it is possible that a new religion will appear in the future that will be the main religion in
the world?
Is money the main religion nowadays? Do we worship money?

PAU exams
We are going to see how to answer the open questions in PAU exams. We are going to look at the
Pau exams in Valencia in September 2010.
Option A
Open questions
Part A. Reading Comprehension.
Read the following text:
NOW TEACHERS ARE ORDERED TO SMILE AT THEIR PUPILS
A secondary school has ordered teachers to welcome children with a smile at the start of every lesson as
part of a drive to hand more power to pupils. Staff have also been told to ensure they are not boring
students by setting work that is too hard.
The move is the latest example of a Government initiative to give pupils a major say in many aspects of
their schooling, but some critics say this is putting children in charge.
Yesterday the Mail revealed that 20 students at a Kent secondary school were given iPhones to provide
instant feedback of teachers to senior staff. In another incident, a teacher being interviewed for a job by a
student panel was asked to sing the Michael Jackson song Bad. She failed to get the job after refusing.
Pupils on another interview panel voted in favour of a female candidate because she was the prettiest,
although she was not hired.
Schools Secretary Ed Balls admitted the approach used by some schools was completely wrong, absurd
and ridiculous. The people who are in charge are the head teachers, the governors and the teachers, he
said. The idea that you would give out iPhones to secretly spy on teachers, that would be in my view,
completely wrong. Any head teacher doing that needs to look hard at themselves and consider the way in
which they are doing things.
But far from dismissing the practice, he added: Some schools do ask teachers to get a report from the
children about how lessons are going.
Daily Mail, Tuesday, April 6th, 2010, p. 10
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I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in
the text. (2 points: 1 point each)
a. What measures have teachers been forced to take in secondary schools?
b. Why have mobile phones been used in some schools?

a. What measures have teachers been forced to take in secondary schools?
Where is the information in the text to answer this question?
____________________________________________________________________________________
The question is what measures, so we have to find all the measures mentioned in paragraph 1.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Now try to answer the question using your own words. Click to see a possible answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
b. Why have mobile phones been used in some schools?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Is there only a reason or are there more?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Option B
Part A. Reading Comprehension.
Read the following text:
STORE BRANDS LIFT GROCERS IN TROUBLED TIMES
As the economy plunges into a deep recession, grocery stores are one of the few sectors doing well. That is
because cash-short consumers are eating out less and stocking up at the supermarket. And store brand
products, which tend to be cheaper than national brands and more profitable for grocers, are doing
especially well.
Led by chains like Kroger, Wegmans and Safeway, grocers have expanded their store brands beyond
cheap generics and simple knockoffs of Cheerios, Oreos and Coca-Cola. Now, retailers are increasingly
adding premium store-brand items like organics, or creating products without direct competition.
In this economic climate, many shoppers are willing to try the newly developed store brands. They also
say it is hard to resist the low prices of store brands for staple goods like milk, sugar and cheese.
Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp, marketing professor at the University of North Carolina, said past
recessions had given consumers a reason to trade down from national brands. This time, he said, the
gains may stick because the quality and consistency of store brands have improved.
Besides the weak economy, the growth of store brands reflects a historic shift in the balance of power
between packaged food manufacturers and grocery retailers. As these grocery retailers have consolidated
and grown bigger, they are increasingly able to stock their shelves with their own store brands, which
bring higher profits and drive customer loyalty all to the detriment of major food brands.
Of course, major branded food companies dispute the idea that store brands are just as good as their
products and they argue that branded products offer better taste, consistency and innovation, justifying a
premium price.
Source: Andrew Martin, The New York Times

I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in
the text. (2 points: 1 point each)
a. According to the text, why are grocery stores, nowadays, successful in comparison to other
businesses?
CC BY-NC-SA 16
b. On what basis do food companies justify the higher price of their brand-name products?

a. According to the text, why are grocery stores, nowadays, successful in comparison to other
businesses?
____________________________________________________________________________________
What is the reason for the success of grocery stores?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

b. On what basis do food companies justify the higher price of their brand-name products?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Is there only one justification ore are there more?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

CREDITS
Intro
Video
TED Talks, Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders
http://www.ted.com/talks/sheryl_sandberg_why_we_have_too_few_women_leaders.html

Reading
Call for papers, Arab Spring 2013 : Towards a New Middle East Society. Expectations and Reality after
the Arab Spring
http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=31948&copyownerid=53503

Listening
Audio: http://www.elllo.org/english/1101/1116-Kat-Age.htm

CLIL
Text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_religious_groups
Images:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World-religions.PNG
http://www.religioustolerance.org/worldrel.htm
CC BY-NC-SA 17

English For Free - 2Nd Bat - Unit 2 - Stand Up For Your Rights

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