Topic 3: Surds, Indices and Logarithms

Classwork
I. Surds
1. What is 25 ? How about 3 ? How about 6 ?
2. What is the value of 7 7 ?
3. What is
3
8 ? How about
3
27 ?
4. What is the value of
3 3 3
5 5 5 ?
5. For any real numbers a an b! we have the relations
ab a b = an
a a
b b
= .
6. "a# Whi$h one is lar%er! 2 3 or 12?
"b# Whi$h one is lar%er! 3 5 or
7 2
?
7. &im'lify
"a# 5( 8
"b# 12 1(8 +
8. )t is *nown that
2 1.4142
. Fin the a''ro+imate values of
"a# (.(2
"b# 32
,. )f
2 x =
an 3 y = ! fin 15( in terms of x an y.
2((2-(3 &e$on .erm &1 .o'i$ 3 /a%e 1
II. Indices
1. What is
4
3 ? How about
5
" 2# ?
2. What is
1(( 7(
2 2
? How about
1(( 7(
2 2
? How about
( )
7(
1((
2 ?
3. )n %eneral! we have
m n m n
a a a
+
= !
m n m n
a a a

= an
( )
n
m mn
a a = .
4. What is the value of
2
2
2
? How about
2
3
4
?
5. What is
(
5 ? How about
2
5

? How about
1
3
5
? How about
4
7
5

?
6. )n %eneral! we have
(
1 a = !
1
m
m
a
a

= !
1
n
n
a a =
an
m
n
n m
a a =
.
7. &im'lify
x x x
.
8. 0al$ulate
2((3 2((2
2((1
2 2
2

.
2((2-(3 &e$on .erm &1 .o'i$ 3 /a%e 2
III. Logarithms
1. Fin x in ea$h of the followin% $ases.
"a#
4
3 x =
"b#
4
81 x =
"$# 3 81
x
=
2. )n %eneral! if
y
x a = ! then we write
lo%
x
y a =
.
We also write lo% y for
1(
lo% y
.
3. What is
6
lo% 36
? How about
4
lo% 8
? How about lo% (.((1?
4. What is lo% 12? How about
2
lo% 7

?
5. /rove that in %eneral!
"a#
lo% lo% lo% ab a b = +
"b# lo% lo% lo%
a
a b
b
=
"$# lo% lo%
n
a n a =
6. What is the value of
lo%5
1( ?
7. )n %eneral we have
lo%
lo%
lo%
m
n
n
m
=
8. 0an you %ive an a''ro+imate value for lo% 3? How about lo% 3((? lo% 5(((?
,. 2et n be a 'ositive inte%er. )f
lo% 123.45 n
! how many i%its oes n have?
2((2-(3 &e$on .erm &1 .o'i$ 3 /a%e 3
1(. 2et lo% 2 3 a! lo% 3 3 b! lo% 7 3 c. Fin the followin% in terms of a! b an c.
"a# lo% 8
"b# lo% 12
"$# lo% 6(
"# lo% 1(5
11. 4iven
lo% 2 (.3(1(
!
lo%3 (.4771
an
lo%7 (.8451
.
"a# How many i%its oes
1((((
2
have?
"b# What is the leftmost i%it of
1((
12
?
2((2-(3 &e$on .erm &1 .o'i$ 3 /a%e 4
Topic 3: Surds, Indices and Logarithms
Assignment
5ame6 777777777777777777777777777777
1. &im'lify 3 12 27 + .
2. &im'lify
1 1 1
1 2 2 3 3 4
+ +
+ + +
.
3. Fin the value of
5 3
4 8 8
.
4. 8+'ress
3 4
a a a a
in the sim'lest ine+ form.
5. &im'lify
2 3 2
1 2
" #
k k
k k
a b
a b

+ +
an e+'ress the answer in the sim'lest ine+ form.
6. Fin the value of x if
1
4 32( 4
x x
= .
7. Fin the values of lo% (.((1 an lo% 1((((.
8. Fin the value of
lo%5
1( an
7
lo% 3
7 .
2((2-(3 &e$on .erm &1 .o'i$ 3 /a%e 5
,. &olve x in terms of y if
2
lo%" # 3 ( x y = .
1(. )f
3
2 x =
an
4
3 y = ! e+'ress 1( 3 in terms of x an y.
11. 2et lo% 2 3 a! lo% 3 3 b! lo% 7 3 c. Fin the followin% in terms of a! b an c.
"a# lo% 5
"b# lo% (.42
"$#
5
lo% 35
12. 4iven
lo% 2 (.3(1(
!
lo%3 (.4771
an
lo%7 (.8451
.
"a# What is the a''ro+imate value of lo% 25?
"b# How many i%its oes
1((((
2
have?
"$# What is the leftmost i%it of
5(
14
?
13. &omeone sai that he has 'rove 16 3 6. His 'roof is %iven below. )s his 'roof $orre$t?
4 , " 4# " ,#
1 4 1 , 36
1 4 1 , 6
1 2 1 3 6
6 1 1 6
6 " 1# 6
6 6
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2((2-(3 &e$on .erm &1 .o'i$ 3 /a%e 6