CIVILIZATION Joe Peck Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d SECTION 1 The desert is a very rough place to live. In the desert there are clear skies, and the sun beats down on the rolling sand hills. In the desert it can reach over 100F in the day and can drop below freezing at night. Below the blistering sun, are lush, green, palm trees. These look tiny next to the sand dunes that are hun- dreds of feet tall. Lining the shoreline, are grassy shrubs and vegetation and below http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Oasis_in_Libya.jpg Introduction 1 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d everything, is water, glistening with the re- flection of the vegetation, palm trees, and sand dunes. Without this oasis, life in the desert would be so much harder. It is in this favorable geographic envi- ronment that the civilization of Vulcania will be founded. It is a civilization whose design takes its inspiration from the study of past civilizations such as the Arabs, the Aztecs, the Greeks, the Mayans, the Meso- potamians, and the Romans, among oth- ers. This book will document the neces- sary steps to take in order to create a suc- cessful civilization. 2 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d Humans are children of their environments. - Sinichi Suzuki CHAPTER 1 3 Modifications Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d SECTION 1 Part I Analysis of the Problem The first step in building a successful civili- zation is to secure basic human needs such as food and water. Due to its geogra- phy, the major challenges the civilization of Vulcania faces in achieving a basic food and water supply include the following: Human Changes to the Land 4 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d 1. In the harsh desert the people of Vulca- nia will need to have a stable food source. One way to get is by farming, but that will be hard because of the harsh weather, let alone find some dirt and seeds to plant. Due to the fact that farming is hard in the dessert the people of Vulcania will need to find other ways to get food such as raising animals like cows, chickens, and goats. So if the people of Vulcania do no not find solu- tions to finding food, the civilization will starve to death. 2. Being in the dessert is a real disadvan- tage for water because it rarely rains and there is little ground water. In the Oasis there is a small lake but who knows if it is clean and sanitary. Also, the people of Vul- cania need to find a way to transport wa- ter all around the civilization like canals. The people of Vulcania will have to work very hard for the city to survive and thrive. Part II Proposed Solutions To have a successful civilization you need to make adaptions and modifications. An adaption is a physical change that you make to yourself to make your daily life better. An example of this is the change of skin color so the heat does not affect you as much. A modification is a physical change that an organism makes to its envi- ronment. If the people of Vulcania do not 5 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d make these changes them, along with their civilization, will not last long. What the people of Vulcania might do to help there civilization get food would be to have a farm and try to find livestock or trade for them. Then the people of Vulca- nia could breed the cows so we will have milk and meat. They could also get other animals like camels, goats, and sheep, too. Also, the people of Vulcania could cut down the palm trees and plants so they would have more land to farm and get food. This is a technic kind of like slash and burn, a technic used by the Mayans. The Mayans used this skill to cut down whole forests. Also, according to Frey . . . The Aztecs created small islands called chi- nampas, or floating gardens (274). The Aztecs made these small islands to have more land, mostly for farming. They would pound logs into the ground in rectangular shape then fill the middle with soil. The people of Vulcania could do this in the lake to have more farming ground. The people of Vulcania have water but they will probably need to sanitize it. They could strain in through palm tree leaf woven bowls and then the people of Vulca- 6 http://www.ingafoundation.org/slash-and-burn/#.UlMpqxaz7ww Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d nia could heat it up to kill all of the bacte- ria. Also, they could make canals and aque- ducts all over the city to transport water around and water the crops. like the aqueducts that carried fresh water for irri- gation. Twin pipes ran from the Chapulte- pec springs, three miles away. While on pipe was being cleaned or repaired, the other could carry water. (Frey 275). The Mayans had two parallel aqueducts so if one was broken or being cleaned they could use the other one. The people of Vul- cania should do that in their civilization too. 7 http://my.fresnounied.org/personal/macarmo/history/World%20Histor y%20Standards%20Through%20Images/Standard%207.7%20Meso% 20American%20and%20Andean%20Civilizations/Las%20Chinampas.j pg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d The peoples good is the highest law. CHAPTER 2 8 Law and Government -Cicero Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d SECTION 1 Lesson #1: Minimum Age Restrictions To have a successful government you need to be able to give power to people, but only to the older, wiser citizens. For example, Sparta made the Council of Eld- ers, which was a group of 28 men who made the laws. In order to be in the Council of Elders you had to be 60 years of age and from a noble family. In Volcanic Maintaining Civil Order 9 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d there would be a council of 30 and a king that would have last say. Frey states, To be elected to the Council of Elders, men had to be at least 60 years old and from a noble family. (265) In Volcanic the people that live there should delegate their power to other people in the congress, but the ruler will have last say. The people of Volcanic could have a town hall where the more powerful people could meet and make decisions on laws and rules. Overall, the people of Volcanic will need to be able to delegate power and make sure everyone is able to agree on the laws. Lesson #2: Life Terms Should be Avoided In Volcania, to be able to be in the assem- bly of 300 voters, you will need to be be- tween the ages of 40 and 60. If a person in a civilization is too young they are just get- ting out of school and have to little knowl- edge. But, when a person is older they have more knowledge and more experi- ences. Once a person have turned 60 you are done serving the council but you are now eligible for the council of elders, which is 30 people who decide the laws 10 http://www.bookhotelsinrome.com/popular_sights_of_rome/city_ce ntre_area/pantheon.htm Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d with the king. This is kind of like Sparta and their form of government. In Volcanic all laws will be written down on large stone for everyone to see. The council, consisting of 30 wise men, will make the laws and then an assembly of 300 men 24+ will vote for the laws. Frey states, The laws were written down on tablets called the Twelve Tables, (320) In Rome the patricians and plebeians com- promised about all of the laws and de- cided to write them out in public. In Vol- canic the laws will be written down so everything is straightforward and there will be no confusion between the council and all of the citizens in Vulcania. Code of Laws 11 http://intranet.arc.miami.edu/rjohn/images/RomeFora/Forum%20-%20A gustus.jpg http://www.polatkaya.net/PantheonInside.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d In Vulcania it is important to have laws about food and water because these are very scarce than other things in the de- sert. With out these laws there will very much crime and theft in Vulcania. Also, there needs to be laws about land and what you can do with it. Like how much land you can have, what crops you can grow, and how many slaves you are al- lowed to have working for you. In Hammu- rabis Code there is a law that states, If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. In Vulcania they will have very specific laws about robberies, murders, and hurting a ci- vilian. If you do not have very specific laws then it will be unclear, and the criminal will be questioning what he did. With very harsh laws the people of Vulcania will not likely commit crime. I. If you are caught stealing you will be forced to return the item and pay 20 fikes to the owner II. If a family takes more than 3 buckets of water in a day they will only be able to take 2 buckets of water a day for 2 weeks 12 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d III. If a person is to harm or kill someone in Vulcania, the same shall be done to him or her IV. If a person is caught lying at court they shall be banished from Vulcania V. If you are seen violating someones prop- erty or something they own, you will have to repair the damage and pay the owner 20 fikes VI. If a slave is sold 10 times it is free from his duty, and he/she is now a citizen of Vul- cania VII. On a mans land he his allowed to have only 10 slaves working for him In my laws I explained how to solve the food and water problems. I stated how every family gets 3 buckets of water per day, and if you break the law you will pay the price. Also, I solved the food problems by making specific laws about stealing and land property. Without these specific laws things in Vulcania will not be very clear and it will be hard to understand whats right and what is wrong. 13 http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_CVanQfF-7vM/TSj-BWbFCqI/AAAAAAAADe A/XnCUYaZbUfM/s640/Orange+Roman+Amphitheatre+LR.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d Political Leadership The people of Vulcania learned many les- sons from Julius Caesar, but a more impor- tant one was to give citizenship to the people they had captured. Therefore, these new citizens would stop revolting, get jobs, and not be mad at the govern- ment anymore. Julius Caesar was sup- posed to be dictator of Rome for 10 years but but unfortunately was assassi- nated within a year of being ruler of Rome. He took over power in 44 B.C.E. and was stabbed to death outside the tem- ple by other members of the senate. As leader, Caesar made a lot of changes to people in the land that Rome had cap- tured. He gave land to the landless peas- ants and reduced tax amounts and made the tax collection more fair. But, the big- gest takeaway that the Vulcanians learned from Caesar was to give Citizenship to some of the captured slaves. He allowed the people in Sicily, Spain and Gaul to be- come Roman citizens. (Julius Caesars Rule as Dictator). These citizens would now need jobs or they would make gangs and revolt just like before. Caesar was al- ready thinking of that though, he created new jobs such as building new roads and buildings. Caesar had made many differ- ences in Rome to make it a better civiliza- tion and Vulcania will learn many things from him. 14 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d An important lesson to learn from Augus- tus, is to make life better and safer in a civilization. Caesar Augustus was the grandson of Julius Caesar. He created a program to help make Rome more beauti- ful and safer. One of the things he did was make a police department and fire depart- ment. With these there would be less crime, and fires would not be as devastat- ing. In Vulcania they will have there own police and fire departments to make it safer. He made many other good changes around Rome. For example, he made sure the citys water system was repaired and two new water channels or aque- ducts, were constructed. (Political Leader- ship of Caesar Augustus). The people of vulcania will learn from this and rebuild the aqueducts every 5 years to make sure they are up to date and not broken. Augus- tus also added new theaters and a big out- door arena. In Vulcania there will a big theater and a large arena where fights would take place for entertainment. With all these new buildings and other things, Vulcania will satisfy all people while mak- ing it safer too. 15 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d Decline of the Western Roman Em- pire Military spending and Inferior Technology were some of the bigger reasons that Romes Government failed and the west- ern part of Rome got overthrown. In Rome, the army was falling in population with every barbarian attack. The military would go to the city and recruit many homeless or jobless people to join the army. Sometimes they even had to get peo- ple from other countries. This was not a very reliable army, so in battles they were doomed to be defeated. This led to the military spending large amounts of money and it left the government little money left to provide the city with other re- sources such as grains to feed all of the homeless and jobless people. The govern- ment soon started charging more on taxes, and this led to more civil wars and rebellions. The Romans were also un- able to invent new machines or adapt their military technology in manner that could prevent them from losing territory to invading barbarian forces,(Decline of the Western Roman Empire). In Rome 16 http://www.aviewoncities.com/img/rome/kveit1573p.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d they relied on their 200-year-old ways of getting around resources, but they never invent new ways to get around or new in- ventions to help their army. Without new technology the attackers would have a weapon advantage on Rome battles. To have a successful civilization the military needs to have an efficient way of spending money and also be able to get new tech- nology. In Vulcania, the military will have a specific amount of money to spend every month and there will also be specialized jobs as inventors and creating new technology. The government in Vulcania will give the military a certain amount of money every week, kind of like an allowance. With this the military wont take all the money out of the governments bank and they wont have to raise taxes. In case of an emer- gency or the military wants more money for a certain project, the generals or who- ever wants to speak to the government can debate for it and they might or might not get a raise. In Rome, They built mar- 17 http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/arth212images/early_christ ian/sculpture/arch_constantine/arch.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d velous roads, bridges, and aqueducts. (De- cline of the Western Roman Empire) This was really great, except they did not re- build these structures and get new tech- nology after a while. In Vulcania, the peo- ple will build big up to date structures and they will replace after a while to make sure they are safest and more efficient. Also, for the military there will be special- ized mechanics to create new technology and weapons to Vulcania the advantage against invading tribes and cities. If the people Vulcania can keep their money level under control and be able to create new technology their civilization will be successful. 18 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d As a [person] believes, so will the person act. - Sam Harris CHAPTER 3 19 Belief Systems Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d SECTION 1 In a civilization there will be many prob- lems, some easy to figure out and some harder. It will be easier to answer these questions by looking at what you believe in. This is where religion comes in and all of the rules to live by, according to each religion. There are many religions and be- lief systems but some of the bigger ones are Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucian- ism. Belief systems and Religions are im- Impact of Belief Systems 20 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d portant for a successful civilization be- cause it will keep things in order and help the people of their civilization make bet- ter choices in life. To better understand the role of belief sys- tems within a civilization and how they can influence the actions and decisions of a people, consider the following moral di- lemma: In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a drug- gist in the same town had recently discov- ered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug originally cost him to pro- duce. He paid $400 for the radium and charged $4,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money and tried every legal means, but he could only get together about $2,000, which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying, and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said, "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So, having tried every legal means, Heinz gets desperate and consid- ers breaking into the man's store to steal the drug for his wife. In this situation, if Heinz were a Buddhist he would probably not break into the store and steal the drugs. In the Buddhism religion, the people are supposed to pro- mote good actions and prevent bad ac- 21 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d tions. The Buddhists also want to live a life of selflessness and nonviolence. Believ- ing in a religion while fighting this problem would help Heinz make a good choice. In the eightfold path, it states, Do not kill, steal, or lie (Frey 159). Stealing the drug to treat his wife would definitely be breaking one of their beliefs. One of the four noble truths is that Suffering is pre- sent in all things, and nothing lasts forever. Heinz might have to take a loss, and realize that everything is not going to last forever, and it is time for his wife to die. In this situation if Heinz were a Buddhist, he should not break into the shop and get the drugs. If Heinz were a Hindu in this situation he would definitely con- sider breaking into the store to steal the drug. In Hinduism, they be- lieve that every living thing has a soul and that they should care for every one of them, especially your wife. Frey states, To follow ones dharma means to perform ones du- 22 http://img3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20060627052514/lostpedia/imag es/3/38/Wheel.gif Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d ties and so to live as one should. (148). Heinz needs to do what he is supposed to do, and one of those things to protect and take care of his wife. The Hindus strongly believe in marriage and losing Heinzs wife would be bad. If Heinz was not a Hindu while in this situation it would be harder to make a decision for what to do. If Heinz were a Hindu trying to figure out what to do in this problem, he would more likely break into the store and get the drugs to save his wife. Most religions affect the way a persok n lives, especially when it comes to making the right choice according to the belief system. Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confu- cianism are some major religions in the world, and some of the ways really influ- ence an average day in their life. Belief sys- tems are important in civilizations to help guide the people to the right decisions and make life better. 23 Arena Library Government Building Church Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d Role of the Catholic Church and its Belief System in Medieval Europe The Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe grew in both economic and politi- cal power after the collapse of the West- ern Roman Empire in 476 C.E. The Roman Catholic Church collected a tax, or tithe. Everyone that was Catholic was expected to give 10% of what they made to the church. The church became very wealthy from these donations. Also, the church was given lots of land from monarchs or wealthy lords. They also gained some land by force. Frey states, By the year of 1050, it (The Roman Catholic Church) was the largest landholder in Europe (33). The church also grew a lot in political power too. During the Middle Ages, the pope and nobles where the only people that could read Latin so they would read the letters to the King that other villages had sent them. As stated by Frey, As a result, they kept records for monarchs and became trusted advisors,(33). The nobles where the only ones who could communicate with god, and so they told the people the 24 http://madamepickwickartblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/rome22.jp g Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d laws that God wanted them, to follow, so they followed them in the hope of reaching salvation. The church continued to grow in economical and political power after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire throughout the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church influenced peoples thoughts and deeds during the Middle Ages by bribing them with salvation and the cancelation of their sins. In the Middle Ages the Catholics went on many Cru- sades to claim Jerusalem for themselves. To get all these people to join in on the Crusades, Pope Urban II promised every- one that went, that all their sins would be canceled and they would achieve salvation. Everyone Then wanted to go on the cru- 25 http://www.kidspast.com/images/medieval-priest.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d sade because they wanted salvation and get into heaven. Frey states, Pilgrims went on these jour- neys to show their devotion to God, as an act of penance for their sins, or in hopes of being cured of an ill- ness (120). Farmers, knights, peasants, and more people went on these crusades for these hopes and to show their honor to God. This meant that they could pretty much do anything and still get into heaven though. Some peo- ple might just go just so they could get into heaven and not actually fight. The Catholic Church changed many peoples thoughts and deeds in the middle ages es- pecially with the crusades. Belief System of Vulcania In an effort to create a successful civiliza- tion, the people of Vulcania have estab- lished their own belief system. It shares similar religious beliefs and teachings with other world religions and helps the peo- ple of Vulcania keep things in order and help the people of their civilization make better choices in life. Here are some ex- amples. 26 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com mons/thumb/3/32/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini_ -_Portrait_d'Urbain_VIII.jpg/220px-Gian _Lorenzo_Bernini_-_Portrait_d'Urbain_V III.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d The first tenet in the belief system of Vul- cania is called Kwadi. This first tenet em- phasizes faith towards one god and honor- ing him. The people of Vulcania practice this belief by praying twice a day at dawn and dusk, towards the church. They also go to church on Sundays. This is their day of holiness and their day to refresh them- selves. This belief helps the people of Vulca- nia stay loyal to their god and know that he is watching over them so they will act nicely. As stated by Frey, The meaning of Shahadah is that people not only believe in God, but also pledge their submission to him (96). This tenet connects to the First Pillar of Islam because the first pillar of Islam emphasizes faith. Kwadi also strongly emphasizes faith to God. The first pillar of Islam is practiced by praying five times a day; Kwadi is like the First Pillar of Islam, except the people of Vulcania only pray twice a day. This will help the civiliza- tion of Vulcania by making it a friendlier place. The second tenet in the belief system of Vulcania is called Nedu. The second tenet 27 http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~englin/N/newton_on_trent_st_pe ter.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d of Vulcania emphasizes respectfulness and treating everyone the same in Vulcania. To emphasize this, the people of Vulcania fast from dawn to dusk every Monday. When people do this they realize what it is like to be poor and have no money or food, they will now know what their life is like and might care for them more. Frey states, The holy month of Ramadan encourages generosity, equality, and charity within the Muslim community (99). This tenet is kind of like Siyam, the Fourth pillar of Is- lam because Ramadan is part of the Fourth pillar of Islam. In Ramadan people fast for a month from sunrise to sunset. Both of these beliefs you fast and learn to care for the poor. In Vulcania more people will donate money or care for the home- less, therefore making it a better civiliza- tion, with healthier and nicer people. The third tenet in the belief system of Vul- cania is called Yama. Yama encourages the people of Vulcania to relax and concen- trate themselves by meditating. While http://bhikkhucintita.les.wordpress.com/2011/11/buddhaanddisciples.jp g 28 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d practicing meditating, the people of Vulca- nia sit on their knees with their back straight and hands on their knees. They think about nothing, and forget about all the bad things in their life and be thankful for the good things. They then concen- trate themselves and calm themselves down if they have any anxiety or fear. They perform this action twice a day to help the people of Vulcania be thankful for what they have and stay focused through- out the day. As stated by Frey, Focus your mind with practices such as meditation (159). In the eightfold path, it empathizes Right concentration. The Buddhists would meditate and focus their mind on good things to do. In Vulcania the people also meditate and concentrate themselves. This will help Vulcania by making it a more peaceful and focused civilization. 29 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d A person may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on. CHAPTER 4 30 Ideas - John F. Kennedy Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d SECTION 1 A humanist mindset promoted new ideas during the renaissance because it emphasized individualism and this led to many advances in art and sculpture. A hu- manist mindset wanted people to share their ideas with many people from differ- ent civilizations and classes. During the renaissance, painting had many advances. Artists now used depth and they gave their paintings more perspective. Also, Power of Ideas 31 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d trading and sharing ideas lead to the use of new oil paints, which made paintings more realistic. Frey states, [The Renais- sance painters] wanted to depict real peo- ple who where posed in lifelike ways and who showed feelings (326). Many sculp- tors in the renaissance also wanted to sculpt realistic people with feelings and emotions. As stated by Frey, Michelan- gelos David was installed in the Piazza della Signoria It became the prized ex- pression of the Renaissance genius in Flor- ence (327). When this sculpture was brought to the city of Florence, it sud- denly became a town that many people came to see this magnificent sculpture and share new ideas. Humanists wanted peo- ple many different people to mingle and share with other people what they 32 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/h2/h2_55.220.2.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d had done. A humanist mindset promoted new ideas in many ways during the Renais- sance. Many people during the Renaissance thought that the church was becoming corrupt from many reasons. One reason was indulgences. Indulgences were basi- cally passes that you could buy from the church and got rid of all your sins. The church was making a lot of money from this because a lot of people were buying it, and a lot of people were mad because of this. [Martin] Luther felt like the Church was selling false salvation to un- educated people (Frey 352). Martin Lu- ther believed that people only had to fol- low two sacraments, baptism, and the Eucharist, to achieve salvation. He handed out pamphlets about his theory to spread the word. The church did not like this be- cause they wanted everyone to follow their rules not Martin Luthers. To deal with Luther, the Catholic Church excom- municated him. Even though the church condemned his ideas, he started his own church called the Lutheran Church. 33 http://www.jewishhistory.org/wp-content/ uploads/95thses-300x210.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d In all civilizations there are going to be laws and beliefs that people dont agree with, especially with a humanist mindset. In Vulcania, a humanist mindset would question the belief of praying twice a day. They might all think that praying once a day would be better and try to convince everyone to believe their theory. To deal with people like this, we would first con- sider their idea to see if is good or not. If the idea was not an idea that the govern- ment or church liked, the people of Vulca- nia would force the person to say that their theory is wrong or else they will be excommunicated. Just like Luther, In Janu- ary 1521, he was excommunicated (Frey 353), from the church. Even if he still is try- ing to enforce his ideas after they are ex- communicated, they will be executed. This will make for a successful civilization be- cause the church will take in good ideas and reject bad ideas so the civilization will always be growing. The individual of the past that I am going to transport into the civilization of Vulca- nia is Leonardo De Vinci. Leonardo was the creator of the Flying Machine and many other inventions. Also he was a painter, and painted the very famous 34 http://ahduvido.com.br/wp-content/uploads/leonardo-da-vinci.jpg Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d Mona Lisa. He was very innovative and creative, and throughout the Renaissance he continued to invent more and more things. If Leonardo were in the civilization of Vulcania, there would be many muse- ums with art, sculptures, and new inven- tions. This would bring many people to Vul- cania to see these magnificent works of art. Therefore the people of Vulcania would have to build hotels, and they would make lots of money. If Leonardo De Vinci were transported to Vulcania, he would help the civilization make more money and be successful. 35 Peck, Joseph Monday, June 2, 2014 2:51: 43560PM ! Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:9c:0d