Recursion based Derivation of Duplex Square Method

Vitthal Jadhav
Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Email: Jadhavvitthal1989@gmail.com
Abstract
Duplex square method, introduced by Vedic mathematics, is well known faster method for
squaring of any number. This paper derives duplex method using recursive approach.

1. Method Derivation
i
i

S ..................
n n n
S ..................
n n
S ( .................. ) S
n n n n n
n
Let a a a a a a
i
n
Then a a a a a
i
a a a a a a
= + + + + + =

= + + + + =

= + + + + + = +

=
1 2 3 1
1 1 2 3 1
1 2 3 1 1
1
1
1

S S
n n n
a = +
1
. (1)
Squaring on both side, we get
(S ) ( S ) ( ) * *S (S )
n n n n n n n
a a a = + = + +

2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1
i
( S ) ( ) * * (S )
n n n n
n
a a a
i
= + +

=
2 2 2
2
1
1
1
(2)

i
( S = )
n
n
a
i

=
1
1
1

Similarly,
i
i
i

( S ) ( ) * * (S )
n n n n
( S ) ( ) * * (S )
n n n n

( S ) ( ) * *
n
a a a
i
n
a a a
i
a a a
i
= + +

= + +

= +

=
2 2 2
2
1 1 1 2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 3
2 2
2
2 2 2
2
1
3
1
1
1
i
i
(S ) +
2
1


Thus, general recurrance relation given as
i
( S ) ( ) * * (S ) 0 i n
n i n i n i n i
n i
a a a
i
= + +

=
2 2 2
2 2
1
1
1
.(3)
Also ( S ) ( ) a =
2 2
1 1
(4)

Now using equation (3) and (4), we will expand equation (2) as below
i
i i
( S ) ( ) * * (S )
n n n n
( S ) ( ) * * ( ) * * (S )
n n n n n n
n
a a a
i
n n
a a a a a a
i i
= + +

= + + + +

=


= =
2 2 2
2
1
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 2
1
1
1 2
1 1

i i i
( S ) ( ) * * ( ) * * ( ) * * (S )
n n n n n n n n


n n n
a a a a a a a a a
i i i
= + + + + + +



= = =
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 2 2 3
1 2 3
1 1 1
i
i i
i i

( S ) ( ) * * ( ) * * ( )
n n n n n n
* * ..... ( ) * * (a )
n
n n
a a a a a a a
i i
n
a a a a a
i i
= + + + +

+ + + + +

= =

= =
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 1
1 2
1 1
3 1
1 1
i
Rearranging, we get

i i
i i
i i i i
( S ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ..... ( ) (a ) * * * *
n n n n n n
* * ..... * *
n
( S ) ) ( * * * .....
n n n n
n n
a a a a a a a a
i i
n
a a a a
i i
n n n n
(a a a a a a a
i i i i
= + + + + + + +

+ + +

= + + + +



= =

= =


= = = =
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 2 2 1 1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
1 2
1 2
1 1
3 1
1 1
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
i
* ) a a
i
n
( S ) (a ) a a for 2 j n
i j
n i
i i j
+

=
= +

= <
2
1
1
2 2
2
1

)
n n
( a (a ) a a for 2 j n.
i j
i i
i i i j
= +

= = <
2 2
2
1 1
.(5)
n n n
...... *x *x *x ....... *x *x
n n
n n n n
Let N D D D D D D D D D D D D

= = + + + + + +

1 2 3 2
1 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 2 1
Then
n
i
N D *x
i
i

=

=
1
1



By using equation (5), we get
n n
i j i i
N ( D *x ) (D *x ) D D *x for 2 j n.
i i i j
i i j i
+
= = +

= < =
2 1 2 1 2 2
2
1 1

Expanding above equation according to descending power of x, we get duplex formula as
* * ) * * ( ) )
n
* * * ) * * * * ( ) )
* * * * ) + * * ( ) )
n n n
N (D ) x ( D D x ( D D D x
n n n n n
n n
( D D *D D x ( D D D D D x
n n n n n n n n n
+.......+ ( D D D D x ( D D D x
= + + +
+ + + + +
+ +




2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2 3 2 4
2 2
1 2 1
2 5 2 6
2 2 2 2
3 1 2 4 1 3 2
3 2
2 2 2
4 1 3 2 3 1 2
* * ) ) ( D D x (D + +
2
1
1
2
2 1
---------- (6)
2. Example
2.1) 12345
2
= ?

i
( ) ( *x *x *x *x ) ( ) N D D D D D D D D D D D *x
i
i

= = + + + + =

=
5
1 2 2 4 3 2 2 2
5 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
1

According to equation (6), we have
i
( )
* * ) * * ( ) ) * * * )
* * * * ( ) ) * * * * ) + * * ( ) )
* * ) )
N D *x
i
i
(D ) x ( D D x ( D D D x ( D D *D D x
( D D D D D x + ( D D D D x ( D D D x
( D D x (D

=
= + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ +

=
5
1 2 2
2 2
5
2 2
2
1
1
8 7 6 5
2 2 2 2
5 5 5 4 3 4 2 4 3
4 3 2
2 2 2 2 2
5 1 4 2 3 4 1 3 2 3 1 2
1
2
2 1
By substituting D , D , D , D , D , x = = = = = = 1 2 3 4 5 10
5 4 3 2 1
, we get
*
* *

N ( ) ( ) * ( * * ) * ( * * ( ) ) * ( * * * ) *
( * * * ( ) ) * + ( * * * ) * + ( * * ( ) ) *
( * * ) * ( )
* * *
= = + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ +
= + + +
2 2 2 8 7 2 6 5
12345 1 10 2 1 2 10 2 1 3 2 10 2 1 4 2 2 3 10
2 4 3 2 2
2 1 5 2 2 4 3 10 2 2 5 2 3 4 10 2 3 5 4 10
2
2 4 5 10 5
8 7 6
1 10 4 10 10 10 20

* * + 44* + 46* 40*
* * * * * + 9* + 0* 2*
( )
+ + +
= + + + + + +
=
=
5 4 3 2
10 35 10 10 10 10 25
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
1 10 5 10 2 10 3 10 9 10 10 10 10 5
152399025
2
12345 152399025


3. References
[1] Bharati Krsna Tirthaji Maharaja, Vedic Mathematics, Motilal Banarasidass Publisher,
Delhi,1994.