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Title
Resources Management: A Tool for Effective Running of Schools by
Head Teachers in Nigeria
Abstract
The paper examined the types of resources available for use through resource
classification. Both human and non human resources were thoroughly examined. The
paper further identified the various ways that resources can be acquired for effective
utilization by the head teachers. The various roles played by teachers in the course of
managing both human and non human resources were exposed. Such roles included
developing good working relationships among their staff members. Measures by
which head teachers can mobilize resources and effectively utilize them to achieve
the school goals/objectives were also highlighted e.g. partitioning a new classroom to
decongest population of pupils in the classroom. Conclusions were drawn and
recommendation made appropriately at the primary school level in Nigeria. Some of
which included prompt payment of teachers salaries and automatic scholarship to be
awarded for further studies to teachers and provision of adequate funds and
infrastructural facilities by the government.
Country
NIGERIA
Author Details
AUTHOR
Name of author
Name of Institution
Address of Institution
Category
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- Education
Theme
- Sustainable Development
Type of Contribution
- Discussion Paper
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human resources are that which exist within people such as abilities and characteristics of
individuals. And the non human are those things which exist outside people, but
controlled, utilized or possessed by people such as time, money etc.
A CHART SHOWING RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION
RESOURCES
HUMAN
Cognitive
Resource
s
Mental Traits
-Aptitude
-Intelligence
-Judgment
-Goal orientation
-Adoptability
Affective
Resource
s
Human
Traits/Emotional
& feeling
-Interest
-Appreciation
-Faith
-Taste
-Patience
-Tolerances
-Honesty
-Friendship
-Job satisfaction
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NON HUMAN
Temporal
Resources
Psychomoto
r Resources
Psychomotor
muscular activity
mental process
-Energy
-Vitality
-Smile
-Sight
-Communication
and manner
Fig I
Economic
Resources
Temporal Resources
-Perceive time or time
sense
-Psychological time
-Pace of routine by as
simulation
-Biological time
-Body circadium
rhythm
-Periods of alertness
and period of
depression or fatigue.
Environmental
Resources
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NON HUMAN
Environmental
Resource
Economic
resource
Money
income
Fringe benefits
Tips
Bonus
Payment
Royalty
Payments &
Wages
Commissions
Interest
Wealth
Credit
-Medical care
-Paid vocation
-Retirement program
-Cash loan
-Service credit
- Instalment buying
-Holdings
-Real property
-House hold
Equipment &
Furnishings
-Personal possession
Environmental
Resource
Physical
environmental
resource
Social
environmental
resource
Natural tangible
environment
perceived by sense
of tough e.g.
-soil, terrain, rain,
minerals and other
land resource
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Non tangible
surrounding element
that are measurable e.g.
-air, light, sound,
temperature humidity
space and sunlight.
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Social organization
-cooperative human
interaction system
influences values,
norms, custom, etc
-Nuclear and
extended family
-Friends and
associate
-Civic groups etc
Economic institution
-business & industrial
establishment
-Shopping centers
-Service market-banks
-Stock market
-Business and industry
F. II
Community facilities
and service
-Police
-Five protections
-Churches
-Mosques
-Schools
-Real ways
-Parks
-Recreative -centre
-Libraries
-Mass transit
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talents that can be activated and developed for superior performance. Human resources
have to be identified, tested for their quality, the degree of excellence of each of the
cognitive, affective and psychomotor, are properties available for productive work.
Therefore, these are the qualities to be looked for by head teachers in order to employ
teachers. The process can be enhanced through recruitment, selection and placement.
Recruitment: Is the process of enlisting or obtaining potentials employee application
through specific policy and procedural, guidelines.
Selection: Refers to identifying and appointing a new employee from among others
applicant through laid down criteria and procedure i.e. interview.
Placement: Is the terminal employment process which is assigning a person to given job
after interview.
ACQUIRING NON HUMAN RESOURCES BY THE HEAD TEACHERS
The need for adequate Economic and Environmental resources for running of the
schools can not be overstated. This is because poor funding among others contribute to
the failure of the school programmes economics resources are needed for building
classrooms, furniture, transportation, etc. money will facilitate the construction of
adequate space, the use of better equipment, the development of better teaching materials
etc. The head teacher have available sources of funds that can assist in the running of
schools which include federal, state and local government, communities, parents teachers
association, individuals and religious organizations (Aguokogbou, 2003).
1.
2.
3.
Property tax and Value Added Tax: Individuals can be made to pay tax on
property owned. The tax to be paid on the property can be graduated
according to the nature, type and value of the property. The properties to be
taxed can include cars, houses etc. this can be carried out by a government
establishment or agency.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Land Lord can subscribe any amount of money collected as house rent to fund
schools.
MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES
Management entails the cooperation of people and materials towards achievement
of set goals. According to Ogwo (1996) management as a term is strictly used for the
purpose of controlling activities of industries, firms, private business establishment and
large cooperation. The activities of management involves decision making and
implementation which, consist of planning or forecasting, organizing, commanding,
coordinating, controlling, allocating, evaluating and developing.
Planning or Forecasting: Is projecting or designing a course of action, which may be
short term or long term plan.
Organizing: Requires the specification of the unit functions and in turn coordinate
resources for the execution of the laid down plan.
Controlling and Allocating: This refers to the activities that involves examining
decision and apportioning available resources appropriately to meet the set objectives.
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Give the right leadership to enable the school to achieve its objective to a
reasonable degree.
2.
Identify the problems existing in his school and solve them by organizing the
human and materials resources available to him to solve the problems.
3.
Develop a good working relationship among his staff members and encourage
their creativity and innovations.
4.
5.
They must arrange for in-service training courses for their teachers so as to
acquire appropriate skills.
6.
He should use resources given to him in away that will bring good name to the
school.
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He should organize discussions with his staff on legal matters such as civic
rights and special education, accountabilities and programme evaluation and
students assessment policy, public relation, marking the school and moving
beyond controversy.
1.
2.
The head teacher is expected to always interpret the official policy of the
education system to his staff.
3.
He should identify cultural themes, values and dreams that people can rally
around in a community to convinced them that it is the proper goal.
4.
5.
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the surrounding daily; without the effort of all the persons involved in the innovation, the
new classroom would not have become a reality.
Conclusion
Teaching is a profession that allows the progress and achievement of children to
depends on how teachers coordinate their work therefore teachers level of satisfaction at
work must be between the head teacher, the teacher and students/pupils who determine
the standard of school. Conducive atmosphere will motivate all concerned with education
to work hard, but things will fall apart in an un-conducive atmosphere. Head teachers
cordial relationship with the community will attract the community participation in the
affairs of the school, but where the relationship is not cordial the reverse will be the case.
Poor instructional materials affect teaching and learning negatively, illegal collection of
levy ruins education and there should be final halt, or termination behaviours, which are
process in resources management.
Recommendations
In view of enormous importance placed in the Educational sector to boast national
development. The following should be put in place by the Federal, State, Local
Government/Non Governmental Organizations.
1. Adequate provision be made for prompt/regular payment of teachers salary.
2. Automatic scholarship to be awarded to teachers to train in order to improve their
standards.
3. Teachers are to be the highest paid in the civil service.
4. The three tiers of government should embark on provision of infrastructural
facilities in all the primary schools in the Nation in order to provide a new outlook
to the primary schools.
5. Head teacher are to undergo administrative/management courses to arm them with
tools necessary for achievement of objectives of the school.
6. Pupils are to be provided with meals or launch in schools to take care of their
nutritional status.
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References
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Felder, R.M and Bent R. (2001). Effective Strategies for Cooperative learning, North
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Madu, E.N (2006). Human Resource Development for Entrepreneurship: Home
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Ogwo B.A. (1996). Curriculum Development and Educational Technology: Makurdi
Onairi Printing & publishing Co. Ltd. Pg 288-289.
Olson, D.H & Defrain, J. (2000). Marriage and the family. Diversity and strength may
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