EXNO-4 CHANNEL CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF AN AWGN CHANNEL

DATE:
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the channel capacity of a cellular system and to obtain its behavior with respect to
bandwidth and transmitted power.
THEORY
The capacity of an AWGN channel with Gaussian noise is given by the Shannons capacity.
Shannons coding theorem proves that a code exists that achieves data rates arbitrarily close to
capacity with small possibility of bit error. And this is proved by the mutual information between
channel input and channel output. Shannons capacity can be used as an upper bound on the
data rates that can be achieved under real time constraints. The capacity of an AWGN channel
depends on what is known about channel power gain at the transmitter and receiver. Shannon
capacity also known as ergodic capacity defines the maximum data rate that can be sent over
the channel with asymptotically small error probability whereas the capacity with outage is the
maximum rate that can be transmitted over a channel with an outage probability corresponding
to the probability that the transmission cannot be decoded with negligible error probability.
Depending on the whether the channel is flat fading or frequency selective fading capacity
differs for both the case. In our experiment let us have a view of how the Bandwidth and
Transmitted power are affecting the shannons capacity.
MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS
Capacity, C=B log
2
(1+SNR)
B-Bandwidth
SNR=P
r
/N
0
B
N
0
=Noise power spectral density
Received power, P
r
=Pt*k*(d
0
/d)

P
t
=transmitted power
K=(/4**d
0
)
2
d
0
=reference distance,d=distance between transmitter and receiver
=pathloss exponent
ALGORITHM
Provide the input parameters :
d
0
=1m
d=1500m
f=900MHz
gam=2
N
0
=.02*10^-12

a. Channel Capacity Vs Transmitted power

1.Vary the transmit power P
t
from 10 to 30W and keep the bandwidth as 200KHz
2.Calculate K value and for different P
t
values calculate the P
r
values
3.Calculate SNR using P
r
and N
0

4.Calculate the channel capacity using the SNR value
5.Plot Capacity Vs Transmitted power
b. Channel capacity Vs Bandwidth
1.Vary the bandwidth from 50KHz to 300KHz in steps of 50KHz and transmitted power
as 20W
2. For different bandwidths calculate the SNR values with constant P
r
and varying noise
power
3.From the SNR calculate the channel capacity
4.Plot channel capacity Vs bandwidth
c. Channel capacity Vs Transmitted power for different Bandwidths
1.By varying the bandwidth and calculate the channel capacity for different transmitted
power
2.Store the capacity in an array with each rows corresponding to different bandwidth and
columns corresponding to the different P
t

3.Plot this array C as a function of transmit power for different bandwidths

SIMULATION TOOL OPTIONS
1. Matlab 7.0.1.
2. Agilent System Vue 2011.
MATLAB code
a. Channel Capacity Vs Transmitted power
d0=1;
pt=10:30;
d=1500;
lam=3*10^8/(900*10^6);
k=(lam/(4*pi*d0))^2;
gam=2;
N0=.02*10^-12;
B=200*10^3;
for i=1:length(pt)
pr(i)=pt(i)*k*(d0/d)^gam;
snr(i)=pr(i)/(N0*B);
x(i)=log2(1+snr(i));
c(i)=x(i)*B;
end
cap=c/1024;
plot(pt,cap);
title('Capacity versus pt')
xlabel('transmitted power');
ylabel('capacity');
disp(cap);
b. Channel capacity Vs Bandwidth
clc;
clear all;
close all;
d0=1;
pt=20;
d=1500;
lam=3*10^8/(900*10^6);
k=(lam/(4*pi*d0))^2;
gam=2;
N0=.02*10^-12;
B=(50*10^3):(50*10^3):(300*10^3);
pr=pt*k*(d0/d)^gam;
for i=1:length(B)
n(i)=(N0*B(i));
snr(i)=pr/n(i);
x(i)=log2(1+snr(i));
c(i)=x(i)*B(i);
end
cap=c/1024;
disp(cap);
plot(B,cap);
title('Capacity versus B')
xlabel('Bandwidth');
ylabel('capacity');
c. Channel capacity Vs Transmitted power for different Bandwidths
clc;
clear all;
close all;
d0=1;
pt=10:30;
d=1500;
lam=3*10^8/(900*10^6);
k=(lam/(4*pi*d0))^2;
gam=2;
N0=.02*10^-12;
B=(50*10^3):(50*10^3):(300*10^3);
for i=1:length(B)
for j=1:length(pt)
pr(j)=pt(j)*k*(d0/d)^gam;
n(i,j)=(N0*B(i));
snr(i,j)=pr(j)/n(i,j);
x(i,j)=log2(1+snr(i,j));
c(i,j)=x(i,j)*B(i);
end
end
cap=c/1024;
disp(cap);
plot(pt,cap(:,[1:length(pt)]));
title('Capacity versus pt for different Bandwidths')
xlabel('Transmitted power');
ylabel('capacity');

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
a. Channel Capacity Vs Transmitted power
In figure 1, the variation of the channel capacity with respect to the transmitted power
has been shown. It can be seen from the graph that with increase in transmitted power
the channel capacity is increased.



Figure 1 Channel capacity versus transmitted power
This is because as transmit power is increased received power also increases which inturn
increases the SNR which influences the capacity. As shannons capacity includes the logarithm
base 2 of SNR it can be seen that for every increase in transmitted power of 1W, the capacity
varies logarithamically




10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
150
200
250
300
350
Capacity versus pt
transmitted power
C
h
a
n
n
e
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
b. Channel capacity Vs Bandwidth
In figure 2 ,the variation of the channel capacity with respect to the Bandwidth has
been shown. It is can be seen from the graph that the channel capacity increases
with increase in channel bandwidth.

Figure 2 Channel capacity Versus Bandwidth
This is because the channel capacity has a direct proportion with its bandwidth. When
we are having more bandwidth more data could be transmitted through the channel. In
the graph for Bandwidth of 50KHz we obtain a capacity of around 140Kbps;for 200KHz
the capacity obtained is 275Kbps which shows that when the bandwidth is increased
four times it almost doubles up the channel capacity.Hence channel Bandwidth do have
a great impact on its capacity.

c. Channel capacity Vs Transmitted power for different Bandwidths
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
x 10
5
100
150
200
250
300
350
Channel Capacity versus B
Bandwidth
C
h
a
n
n
e
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y




CONCLUSION
Thus the analysis of the capacity with has been done using MATLAB. The variation of
the channel capacity with respect to the transmitted power, bandwidth and transmitted
power for different bandwidths has been obtained.


REFERENCES
1. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press,
2007.
2. Castaeda-Camacho, J. ; Lara-Rodriguez, D., Tele traffic Analysis of an Overlaid
System Using CDMA and TDMA With Cell Coverage Area Restriction, IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology , Volume: 57, Issue: 2 , pp. 828 846,
2008.
3. A.F. Toledo, A.M.D. Turkmani, and J.D. Parsons, Estimating coverage of radio
transmission into and within buildings at 900, 1800, and 2300 MHz, IEEE
Personal Communications Magazine, pp. 4047, April 1998.
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Capacity versus pt for different Bandwidths
Transmitted power
C
h
a
n
n
e
l

c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y


BW=50KHz
BW=100KHz
BW=150KHz
BW=200KHz
BW=250KHz
BW=300KHz
4. G.K. Chan, Propagation and coverage prediction for cellular radio systems,
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol VT-40, No. 4, pp. 665670,
Nov. 1991.