J. Math. Anal. Appl.

320 (2006) 642648

www.elsevier.com/locate/jmaa
q-Extensions of certain Erdlyi type integrals
C.M. Joshi
a
, Yashoverdhan Vyas
b,,1
a
106, Arihant Nagar, Kalka Mata Road, Udaipur-313 001, Rajasthan, India
b
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Maharana Bhupal Campus, Mohanlal Sukhadia University,
Udaipur-313 001, Rajasthan, India
Received 9 January 2005
Available online 24 August 2005
Submitted by H.M. Srivastava
Abstract
Recently we discovered several new Erdlyi type integrals. In the present paper, it is shown how
the q-extensions of all those integrals involving and representing certain q-hypergeometric functions
can be developed. The well-known special cases and applications of these q-integrals are also pointed
out.
2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Erdlyi type integrals; q-Hypergeometric functions; q-Integrals
1. Introduction
In a recent paper [6], we gave an alternative way of proof for Erdlyis integrals (see [6,
Eqs. (1.3)(1.5)]) using series manipulation technique and classical summation theorems.
Motivated from this way of proof, seven new Erdlyi type integrals (see [6, Eqs. (4.1) and
(3.2)(3.7)]) for certain
q+1
F
q
(z) were conjectured and proved. Their multidimensional
extensions and the integrals for convergent series involving arbitrary bounded sequences
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: yashoverdhan@yahoo.com, yashoverdhan@rediffmail.com (Y. Vyas).
1
The author is grateful to the Council of Scientic and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India for providing the
Senior Research Fellowship.
0022-247X/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2005.07.030
C.M. Joshi, Y. Vyas / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 320 (2006) 642648 643
of complex numbers were also developed. Further, the way to obtain Pochhammers double
loop contour analogues of all the Erdlyi type integrals, with relaxed convergence condi-
tions were also pointed out.
Motivated from the above cited work, in this paper, we present the q-extensions of the
Erdlyi type integrals [6, Eqs. (4.1), (3.2)(3.7) and (4.5)]. In Section 2, the brief outline
of the proof of three representative results (1.2), (1.3) and (1.14) is given. Some well-
known special cases and applications of these q-extensions are pointed out in Section 3.
For the sake of precision the multidimensional treatment (see [6, pp. 127 and 133135]
and [7, pp. 287288]) of the Erdlyi type q-integrals is avoided. Further, as a fact, the
Pochhammers contour analogue of Erdlyi type q-integrals are not derivable, since, as far
as the authors are aware of the literature, no exact q-analogue of the Pochhammers contour
or any other contour has been studied previously (see for instance [2, p. 56, 2.7]). However
if at any stage one is successful in obtaining q-analogue of the Pochhammers contour
integral, one may attempt to develop the Pochhammers contour analogue of Erdlyi type
q-integrals.
One interesting fact about the q-analogues of Erdlyi type integrals is that there may
arise two kinds of q-analogues of one Erdlyi type integral. The rst kind of the q-
analogues involve t
1
as a numerator parameter in one of the q-hypergeometric function
of the integrand, where t is the variable of integration, while the second kind of the q-
analogues do not involve t
1
as a numerator parameter in any q-hypergeometric function
of the integrand. All the Erdlyi type integrals have the rst kind of q-analogues, while
some of them also possess the second kind of the q-analogues. The proof of second kind
q-analogue of an Erdlyi type integral is similar to its ordinary analogue, whereas the proof
of rst kind q-analogue of an Erdlyi type integral differs from the proof of its ordinary
analogue by one step, in which the use of the denition of q-integral as an innite series
(see [4, 1.11]), viz.,
1
_
0
f (t ) d
q
t =(1 q)

n=0
f
_
q
n
_
q
n
(1.1)
is followed by the series manipulation [8, p. 100, (1)].
The q-extensions of the Erdlyi type integrals are as follows:
3

2
_
, ,
,
; q, z
_
=

q
( )

q
()
q
( )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq
+
; q)

(t z, t q

; q)

2
_

,
,
; q,
zt

_
3

2
_

, t
1

,
q
t z
; q, q
_
d
q
t, (1.2)
3

2
_
, ,
,
; q,
z

_
=

q
( )

q
()
q
( )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq
+
; q)

(t z, t q

; q)

2
_

,
,
; q,
zt

_
3

2
_

,
t

,
t z

; q,
z

_
d
q
t,
(1.3)
644 C.M. Joshi, Y. Vyas / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 320 (2006) 642648
5

4
_
,

q,

q
; q,
z

_
=

q
( )

q
( )
q
( +)

1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

; q)

(t z, t q
+
; q)

1
_

; q,
zt

6
_
,

q,

q, t , t
1

q,

q, t zq

,
q
t z
; q, q
_
d
q
t, (1.4)
3

2
_
, ,
q

,
q

; q,
z

_
=

q
(1 + )

q
()
q
(1 + )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

, t zq
2
; q)

(t z, t zq
+
, t q
1+
; q)

7
_
, q

, q

, , , ,
t q

,
q

,
q

,
q

, t zq

, 0
; q,
t zq

_
d
q
t,
(1.5)
3

2
_
, ,
q

,
q

; q, z
_
=

q
(1 + )

q
()
q
(1 + )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

; q)

(t z, t q
1+
; q)

7
_
, q

, q

, , , ,
t q

,
q

,
q

,
q

, t zq

, 0
; q,
t zq

_
d
q
t,
(1.6)
3

2
_
, ,
q

,
q

; q, z
_
=

q
(1 + )

q
()
q
(1 + )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

; q)

(t z, t q
1+
; q)

6
_
, q

, q

, , , , t
1
, 0

,
q

,
q

,
q

,
q
t z
; q,
t q

_
d
q
t,
(1.7)
6

5
_
, ,

q,

q
; q,
z

_
=

q
( )

q
()
q
( )

1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

; q)

(t q

, t zq

; q)

2
_
, , t
1

, t zq

; q,
t
2
qz

_
d
q
t, (1.8)
4

3
_
, , ,
q

,
q

; q,
z

_
=

q
(1 + )

q
()
q
(1 + )
C.M. Joshi, Y. Vyas / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 320 (2006) 642648 645

1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

; q)

(t z, t q
1+
; q)

2
_
,

,
t q

, t z
; q,
z

10

9
_

, q

, q

,
q

q,

,
q

,
q

q,

q
; q,
zt
2

_
d
q
t,
(1.9)
4

3
_
, , ,
q

,
q

; q, z
_
=

q
(1 + )

q
()
q
(1 + )

1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

; q)

(t z, t q
1+
; q)

2
_
,

, t
1
q

,
q
t z
; q, q
_

10

9
_

, q

, q

,
q

q,

,
q

,
q

q,

q
; q, zt
2
_
d
q
t,
(1.10)
7

6
_
, ,
q

, q

, q

q,

q
q

,
q

q,

q
; q, z
_
=

q
( + )

q
()
q
( )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, q

zt
2
, zt q
1+
; q)

(zt, q

t, zt
2
q
1+
; q)

7
_
, q

, q

, , ,
zqt
2

, t

,
q

,
q

, zt
2
,
zqt

, 0
; q,
zqt

_
d
q
t, (1.11)
7

6
_
, ,
q

, q

, q

q,

q
q

,
q

q,

q
; q, z
_
=

q
( + )

q
()
q
( )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, q

zt
2
, zt q
1+
; q)

(zt, q

t, zt
2
q
1+
; q)

6
_
, q

, q

, , ,
q
zt
2
, 0, t
1

,
q

,
q

,

zt
2
,
q
zt
; q,
t

_
d
q
t, (1.12)
8

7
_
, , ,
q
2

, q

, q

q,

q
q

,
q

q,

q,
; q, z
_
=

q
()

q
()
q
( )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q, t zq

; q)

(t z, t q

; q)

2
_

,

q
, t
1

,
t z

; q,
t
2
qz

_
646 C.M. Joshi, Y. Vyas / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 320 (2006) 642648

5
_
, q

, q

,
q

,
q

,
q

; q,
t
2
z

_
d
q
t, (1.13)

n=0
c
n
(, ; q)
n
(, ; q)
n
=

q
( )
q
()

q
()
q
()
q
( + )
1
_
0
t
1
(t q; q)

(t q
+
; q)

1
_

, t
1

; q,
t

_
(zt ) d
q
t, (1.14)
where (z) is assumed to be a convergent series dened by (z) =

n=0
c
n
z
n
, where c
n
is any bounded sequence of complex numbers.
The q-integrals (1.2), (1.4), (1.7), (1.8), (1.10) and (1.12)(1.14) are the rst kind q-
analogues of the Erdlyi type integrals [6, Eqs. (4.1), (3.2)(3.7) and (4.5)], respectively
and the q-integrals (1.3), (1.5), (1.6), (1.9) and (1.11) are the second kind q-analogues of
the Erdlyi type integrals [6, Eqs. (4.1), (3.3), (3.5), (3.6)], respectively. It may be noted
that the Erdlyi type integrals [6, Eqs. (3.2), (3.4), (3.7) and (4.5)] have no second kind
q-analogue.
2. Proofs of Erdlyi type q-integrals
To prove (1.2), we write the q-integral on the RHS of (1.2) as an innite series
(indexed-k), using (1.1) and also the involved
3

2
s as m- and n-series, respectively, to
get
RHS of (1.2) =

q
( )

q
()
q
( )

k=0

m=0
k

n=0
(1 q)q
k
q
k(+m1)

(q
1+k
, zq
++k
; q)

(zq
k
, q
+k
; q)

(q

, q
+
, q
k
; q)
n
(q

, q

, q

; q)
m
(q

,
q
1k
z
, q; q)
n
(q

, q

, q; q)
m
(z)
m
q
n

m
. (2.1)
Applying series manipulation [8, p. 100, (1)] on the k- and n-series in the above triple
q-series and adjusting the powers of q and the q-shifted factorials, we express the k-series
again as q-integral, using (1.1). Writing the q-integral as a
2

1
(z), using Thomaes q-
analogue of Eulers integral [4, Eq. (1.11.9)] and then expressing this
2

1
(z) as a k-series
and simplifying, we can obtain one other triple q-series. Now applying the triple series
manipulation [6, p. 128], on this triple q-series and summing the inner n-series by the
q-ChuVandermonde sum [4, p. 236, (II.6)] and then the inner m-series by the q-Pfaff
Saalschtz sum [4, p. 237, (II.12)], we get the LHS of (1.2) and this completes the proof.
The (1.3) can be proved on the line of its ordinary analogue [6, Eq. (4.1)]. Out of the
remaining q-integrals, except (1.14), the rst kind q-analogue can be proved on the line of
the proof of (1.2) and the second kind q-analogue on the line of (1.3).
To prove (1.14), we write the q-integral as an innite series (indexed-k), using (1.1) and
also the involved
3

1
and (zt ) as m-series and n-series and thus we get a triple q-series.
C.M. Joshi, Y. Vyas / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 320 (2006) 642648 647
In this triple q-series, applying series manipulation [8, p. 100, (1)] on k-series and m-series
and simplifying, we obtain the following triple q-series:
RHS of (1.14) =

q
( )
q
()

q
()
q
()
q
( + )

k,m,n=0
c
n
(q

, q

; q)
m
(q
+
, q; q)
m
z
n
q
m
2
+mn+m
q
k
q
k(+n1)

(q
1+k
; q)

(q
++k+m
; q)

. (2.2)
Now, expressing the k-series in turn as the q-integral, we see that the appeared q-integral
is in fact a q-Beta integral. The remaining proof is similar to the ordinary version [6,
Eq. (4.5)].
3. Well-known special cases and applications of Erdlyi type q-integrals
The q-integral (1.2) generalizes and unies Gaspers results [3, Eqs. (1.3) and (1.4)]
and (1.14) is a generalization of [3, Eq. (1.5)]. Several other well-known special cases of
the q-integrals (1.2)(1.14) can be discussed on the line of their ordinary versions studied
in [6]. Further, the q-integrals (1.2)(1.13) generalize certain q-hypergeometric transfor-
mations and also give rise to some hitherto unrecorded q-hypergeometric transformations.
To deduce a q-hypergeometric transformation from an Erdlyi type q-integral we convert
the q-integral into a triple q-series, in which all the sums run from 0 to . After having
converted the RHS of an Erdlyi type q-integral into such a triple q-series, if we can take
a
2

1
as inner series and sum it by the q-Gauss sum [4, p. 236, (II.8)], by particularizing
z, we get a double q-series, which either can be converted into a single q-series by sum-
ming one more inner series or can be kept as such according to the situation and thus we
get a q-hypergeometric transformation, provided the convergence conditions of the series
involved are being satised. Working in this way, (1.3) converts into a well-known trans-
formation of
3

2
series [4, Eq. (III.9)] and (1.5)(1.7) provide three different q-analogues
of a well-known transformation of a very well poised
6
F
5
(1) into a
3
F
2
(1) whereas (1.9)
gives rise to a hitherto undiscovered transformation formula, viz.,
10

9
_

, q

, q

,
q

q,

q,

,
q

,
q

,
q

,
q

; q,
q

_
=
(
q

; q)

(
q

; q)

3
_
, , ,
q

,
q

; q,
q

2
_
. (3.1)
Further, working as above the (1.2) leads to a generalization of a
3

2
transformation [4,
Eq. (III.9)] to six free parameters, given by Eq. (3.2) below. Here it may be noted that a
similar generalization for one other
3

2
transformation [4, Eq. (III. 10)] was deduced by
Andrews [1].
648 C.M. Joshi, Y. Vyas / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 320 (2006) 642648

m,n=0
(

, ; q)
m
(

; q)
n
(,

; q)
m
_

, q; q
_
n
_

_
m
_

_
n
q
mn
=
(,

; q)

; q)

2
_
, ,
,
; q,

_
. (3.2)
At the end, we observe by setting z =
z

in (1.3), that LHS of (1.3) is equal to the LHS

of (1.2) and so the equality of the right sides of (1.2) and (1.3), when the q-integrals are
written in the form of an innite series using (1.1), give rise to a q-hypergeometric transfor-
mation of a non-terminating
3

2
into a terminating
3

2
and this transformation is recorded
in the work of Gasper and Schlosser [5, Eq. (2.1)]. Similar observations and analysis for
(1.5)(1.7) give rise to hitherto undiscovered transformations of type
7

7
=
7

7
=
8

7
and for (1.11)(1.12) to such another transformation of type
7

7
=
8

6
.
Acknowledgment
We are grateful to the referee for his valuable suggestions for bringing out the paper in its present form.
References
[1] G.E. Andrews, Carlitz and the general
3

2
, Ramanujan J. (2003), www.math.psu.edu/vstein/alg/antheory/
preprint/preprints.html.
[2] H. Exton, q-Hypergeometric Functions and Applications, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1983.
[3] G. Gasper, q-Extensions of Erdlyis fractional integral representations for hypergeometric functions and
some summation formulas for double q-Kamp de Friet series, Contemp. Math. 254 (2000) 187198.
[4] G. Gasper, M. Rahman, Basic Hypergeometric Series, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990.
[5] G. Gasper, M. Schlosser, Some curious q-series expansions and Beta integral evaluations,
math.CA/0403481v1, 2004.
[6] C.M. Joshi, Y. Vyas, Extensions of certain classical integrals of Erdlyi for Gauss hypergeometric functions,
J. Comput. Appl. Math. 160 (2003) 125138.
[7] H.M. Srivastava, P.W. Karlsson, Multiple Gaussian Hypergeometric Series, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1985.
[8] H.M. Srivastava, H.L. Manocha, A Treatise on Generating Functions, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1984.