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Lonjakan Saujana SPM 2009
Lonjakan Saujana SPM 2009
SULIT 4551/1
4551/1
Biology
Paper 1
October 2009
1 ¼ jam
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
1 Diagram 1 shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is the
tissue found?
Diagram 1
A Heart C Biceps
B Pancreas D Small intestine
Diagram 2
3. Diagram 3 shows the net flow of water molecules from a dilute solution
to a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.
Diagram 3
4 Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the changes in mass of potato strips immersed in
different concentrations of sucrose solution.
Diagram 4
Based on the graph, which of the following concentrations of sucrose solution should
be used so that a flaccid potato strip regains its turgidity?
A 1.5 g per 100 ml
B 2.5 g per 100 ml
C 3.5 g per 100 ml
D 4.5 g per 100 ml
Substance X Substance Y
6 . Haemoglobin is an example of a
A. primary structure of protein
B. secondary structure of protein
C. tertiary structure of protein
D. quarternary structure of protein
7 Which of the following graph shows the effect of pH on the metabolic rate of the
enzyme pepsin?
Rate of
reaction Rate of
reaction
Rate of
reaction Rate of
reaction
X phase X phase
Y
phase
Diagram 5
A mitosis C stage S
B cytokinesis D stage G1
Diagram 6
A Anaphase 4
B Telophase 4
C Anaphase 8
D Telophase 8
10. Crossing over is an important process in meiosis. It results in variations in the daughter
cells. At which stage of meiosis does crossing over take place?
A Prophase I
B Prophase II
C Metaphase II
D Anaphase I
A scurvy.
B beri-beri.
C rickets.
D pellagra.
Diagram 7
X Y Z
A Carbohydrate Protein Lipid
B Protein Lipid Carbohydrate
C Protein Carbohydrate Lipid
D Lipid Carbohydrate Protein
Diagram 8
A person who has structure P removed must regulate his dietary intake of
A. fats C protein
B. carbohydrate D. water
14 In the absence of oxygen the skeletal muscles contract using energy from the
breakdown of glucose and glycogen to
A ethanol and water
B energy and water
C ethanol and lactic acid
D lactic acid and energy
15 Which of the following is not involved in the transportation of carbon dioxide by the
blood.
A Carbonic acid
B Carbaminohaemoglobin
C Hydrogen carbonate ion
D Carbon monoxide
A P→U→S→T C P→S→T→Q
B Q→R→S→P D U→S→P→Q
A C
B D
Population
Diagram 9
A Symbiosis C Parasitism
B Predation D Competition
Diagram 10
What is Y ?
A Phloem B Xylem
C Cortex D Cambium
Diagram 11
Diagram 12
Which one of the following A, B, C or D in the table below names the labelled parts
correctly?
1 2
A Cell body Axon
B Axon Dendrite
C Dendrite Myelin sheath
D Synapse Dendrite
Which of the following support structures helps the plant climb to obtain sunlight ?
Diagram 13
23 Diagram 14 shows a nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. Which structure is the
efferent neurone?
Diagram 14
24 Some cucumber slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 3 hours, the
slices are found to be turgid and hard.
Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon?
Diagram 15
Which of the following is not a correct match about each chamber and its function?
26 What substances are dissolved in the fuid which passes along the ureter to the
bladder of a healthy person?
27 Diagram 16 shows the female reproductive system. In which parts are the eggs and
the zygote formed?
Diagram 16
Eggs Zygote
A 1 2
B 1 3
C 2 1
D 2 3
P Q Gametes
Diagram 17
P Q R
A 44 + X 44 + Y 44 + XY
B 22 + Y 22 + X 44 + XY
C 22 + X 22 + X 44 + XX
D 22 + X 22 + Y 44 + XY
29 Which of these genetically inherited disease is dangerous and can cause death
at a young age?
A. Albino
B. Haemophilia
C. Short-sightedness
D. Down syndrome
30 Table 1 shows a Punnet square which represents the gametes and progeny
from a dihybrid cross. Alphabets a to p represent the daughter cells from this
cross.
male gamete HK Hk hK hk
female gamete
HK a b c d
Hk e f g h
hK I j k l
hk m n o p
Table 1
Which of the following daughter cells have the same genotype as the parent ?
A a, f, k, p C d, g, j, m
B b, c, e, I D e, f, h, l
31 Diagram 18 shows the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule.
Which part develops into the testa after fertilisation?
Diagram 18
33. Which of the following shows the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis Meiosis
I Involves one stage of cell division Involves two stages of cell division
A I and II only
B I and III only
C I, II and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
Number of
individuals
Variation
Diagram 19
This variation may be
I height II weight
III type of ear lobe IV dimple
A I and II only C III and IV only
B I and III only D I, II, III and IV
Diagram 20
Which vessels P, Q, R, and S carry the largest amounts of glucose, amino acids, lipid
droplets or fat-soluble vitamins?
Diagram 21
Based on the result obtained in Diagram 21, calculate the percentage coverage of
the bread mould , taking the area of each small square to be 1 cm²
A 32 % C 56%
B 40% D 80%
38 Diagram 22 below shows equipment that can cause the thinning of the ozone layer.
Diagram 22
A I and II
B II and IV
C I, II and III
D I, II, III and IV
A O, L, M and N C L, M, O and N
B L, N, M and O D O, M, L and N
40. An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant in a
day.The wind and relative humidity factors were kept constant. Diagram 23 is a graph
which shows the result obtained from 0600 to 1300 hours .Which of the curves A,B,C
or D is expected to show the rate of water loss in the plant after 1300 hours ?
Diagram 23
Diagram 24
42 Diagram 25 is a graph which shows the changes in the glucose concentration in the
blood of a person over a period of two hours.
Diagram 25
Which of the following best explains the shape of the graph after X?
A. The person has eaten a meal that is high in sugar .
B. The person has had an insulin injection.
C. The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus.
D. The person starts some vigorous physical exercise.
44 A woman’s menstrual period started on 23rd March. In which week was an egg most
likely to have been released?
Week March
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
A - - - 1 2 3 4
B 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
C 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
D 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
46 A woman with blood group A claims that a man with blood group AB is the
father of her baby. The baby’s blood is tested. Which of the following could be the
baby’s blood group?
I Group A
II Group B
III Group O
IV Group AB
A I and II only
B I and IV only
C I, II and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
47 Which of the following shows the difference between continuous variation and
discontinuous variation?
48 The Hydrangea plant produces blue flowers when grown on acidic soil, and red
flowers when grown on alkaline soil. What conclusion can be made from this
observation?
I, II, III and IV shows the processes which occur in meiosis. Among the following
events, which occur in anaphase I ?.
A I only
B II only
C III and IV only
D II and IV only
Diagram 26
BIOLOGI
KERTAS 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit
Section A
[ 60 marks ]
Answer all questions from this section.
Cells J
Sel-sel J
Cell Specialisation K
L
Cross-section
of a leaf
Keratan
rentas sehelai
daun Xylem
tissue
Tisu
xilem
DIAGRAM 1
K : ………………………………………………………………………………………
L: …………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
K : ……………………………………………………………………………………….
M: ……...……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.
Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin.
Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.
Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin.
Terangkan kesannya keatas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization.
Berdasarkan rajah 1, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.
Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function.
Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhan
Terangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
TOTAL
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
PPD MELAKA TENGAH
4551/2 -4- LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009
Mitotic cell
division Phase U
Diagram 2.1
(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe what
happens at sub phases X, Y and Z.
X: ………………………………………………………………………
Y: ………………………………………………………………………
Z: ………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
Diagram 2.2
Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell produced
at the end of sub-phase Q.
[2 marks]
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(e)(i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial
production. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the method
named can increase the crop yield.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
TOTAL
Substance Q
Bahan Q
Nitrogenous
compounds in plants
Nitrites Sebatian nitrogen
Nitrit dalam tumbuhan
Process Y
Proses Y
DIAGRAM 3
a) Name P, Q and R
Namakan P, Q dan R.
P: .........................................................................................................................
Q: ........................................................................................................................
R: .........................................................................................................................
[3marks]
(b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plant
P.
Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalam
tumbuhan P.
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
(d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants.
Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadap
pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... TOTAL
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
4 Two individuals P and Q were given injections to acquire immunity. The level of antibodies
in the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 respectively.
Immunity level
blood (arbitrary unit)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
st st nd
1 1vaccination
Injection 22nd
vaccination
Injection Time (weeks)
DIAGRAM 4.1
Individual Q
Increase
immediately
Concentration of antibodies in the
Immunity level
blood (arbitrary unit)
Time (weeks)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st injection 2
nd
DIAGRAM
injection 5.2
DIAGRAM 4.2
(a) What is the substance injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q ?
P : …………………………………………………………………………………
Q : …………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
P : …………………………………………………………………………….….
Q : ………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 2 marks ]
(c) Using your biological knowledge, describe how you could save this boy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..…………………………………………………………………….……
[ 4 marks ]
(d) Table 4.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born Malaysian until the
age of two.
(d) (i) Based on Table 4.1, state the type of pathogen which cause the diseases.
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why there is a need for second and third doses for the immunisation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ]
TOTAL
FIGURE 5
(a) (i) Based on Figure 5, name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y below.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis cap jari bagi pelajar X dan Y di bawah.
Student X Student Y
……………………………… ….……………………………
[2 marks]
(ii) State one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints of students X and Y.
Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.
……..………………………………………………………………………………….. ……..
[1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) State two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the same type of variation as
in (b)(i).
Nyatakan dua trait selain cap jari yang menunjukkan variasi yang sama seperti
(b)(i).
Trait 1 : ……………………………………………………………………………………
Trait 2 : ……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(d) Explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species.
Terangkan bagaimana variasi boleh menjamin kemandirian suatu spesies
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
TOTAL
SECTION B
[ 40 marks ]
P
Tracheol
Trakeol
Body cells
Sel-sel
Badan
DIAGRAM 6.1
(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell.
(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change in
the environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide.
Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production.
(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous
exercise of an athlete.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kadar pengambilan oksigen sebelum, semasa dan selepas
satu latihan intensif seorang atlit.
Oxygen intake
(litre/minute)
Time (min)
Vigorous exercise
DIAGRAM 6.2
(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous
exercise.
(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25th
minute.
(7) (a) Figure 7 shows development of the follicle in the female ovary, thickening
of uterine endometrium and the hormones involved.
Estrogen
Time (Day)
FIGURE 7
(10marks)
(b) Graph 7(a) and 7(b) show the growth curve of human and insect.
Based on the graph , compare the growth process in human and insect.
Graf 7 (a) dan 7 (b) menunjkkan lengkuk pertumbuhan manusia dan serangga
Berdasarkan graf, bandingkan proses pertumbuhan pada manusia dan serangga.
(10marks)
Heigh
t (cm)
Time (year)
Length
(cm)
Time(day)
GRAPH 7(b) : Growth curve for insect
8 (a) Diagram 8 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad and
Puan Amalina and their children.
Parents
Ibu bapa
Diagram 8
Diagram 8 shows the variation of blood groups in En Ahmad’s family. Explain why
there is a variation in blood groups of the offspring.
[ 10 marks]
(b) Genetic engineering is widely used in the field of agriculture and medicine.
Justify the impact of genetic engineering on humans and the environment.
[ 10 marks]
Diagram 9
SULIT NAME
4551/3
BIOLOGY
Paper 3 FORM
October
2009
1 ½ jam
BIOLOGI
KERTAS 3
Satu jam tiga puluh minit
1. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of running up and down
a stair case on the rate of his heart beat . Figure 1.1 shows the method used by the
student. The subject runs up the stair case and straight away runs down the same
stair case.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu kajian untuk menyiasat kesan berlari menerusi
anak tangga keatas dan kebawah keatas kadar degupan jantungnya. Rajah 1.1
menunjukkan cara yang digunakan oleh beliau. Pelajar itu berlari keatas dan
kebawah menggunakan anak tangga yang sama.
Immediately after the boy has finished running up and down the stair case, the time
taken for 30 heart beats is taken and is recorded in table 1.1.
Sebaik sahaja pelajar itu selesai berlari keatas dan kebawah menerusi anak tangga
tersebut, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya di catatkan dalam jadual 1.1
The whole experiment was repeated with the same boy running up the stair case as
shown in Figure 1.2(a), 1.2(b) and 1.2(c) in Table 1.1 respectively. The results are
also shown in the same table.
Keseluruhan kajian diulang oleh pelajar yang sama seperti di rajah 1.2 (a), 1.2(b)
dan 1.2 (c) dalam jadual 1.1. Keputusan kajian ditunjukkan dalam jadual yang sama.
Numbers of
times the boy The time taken
Situation running up and Observation for making 30
down the stair heartbeats (s)
case.
One time
20
Figure 1,1
Two times
Figure 1.2(a)
Three times
Figure 1.2(b)
Four times
Figure 1.2(c)
Table 1.1
Observation 1 :
Pemerhatian 1 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Observation 2 :
Pemerhatian 2 :
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1(a) (i)
Nyatakan inferen yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(a) (i)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (a) (ii)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
……………………………………… ………………………………………………………
Responding variable:
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
……………………………………….. ..............................................................................
……………………………………… ………………………………………………………...
………………………………………
………………………………………………………..
Constant variable:
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
……………………………………….. ..............................................................................
……………………………………… ………………………………………………………..
………………………………………
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (c)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(e) Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment which
include the following aspects:
Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, bina satu jadual dan catatkan keputusan kajian tersebut yang
merangkumi aspek berikut
1 (e)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(f) From the table in (e) (i) above, draw the graph of the rate of the boy’s heart
beats against the number of times of running up and down the stair case.
Daripada jadual dalam (e)(i), lakarkan graf kadar degupan jantung pelajar melawan 1 (f)
bilangan dia menaiki dan menuruni anak tangga
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
For
(g) Based on the graph you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the examiner’s
number of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s use
heart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat.
Berdasarkan graf yang dilakarkan di (f), terangkan hubungan antara bilangan pelajar
menaiki dan menuruni tangga, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya dan kadar degupan
jantungnya
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 (f)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(h) Predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the same stair
case 5 times.
Explain your prediction.
Ramalkan kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut jika dia berlari menerusi anak
tangga yang sama keatas dan kebawah sebanyak 5 kali.
Terangkan ramalan anda.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (g)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(i) Based on this experiment, deduce the meaning of the rate of the heart beat.
Berdasarkan kajian ini, rumuskan maksud kadar degupan jantung.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 (h)
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
Complete the table 1.3 below by classifying the apparatus and materials used in this
experiment.
Lengkapkan jadual 1.3 dengan mengklasifikasikan alat radas dan bahan yang
digunakan pembolehubah dan bahan serta radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen
ini.
Apparatus Materials
Radas Bahan
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
2. Variation are differences in trait between individual of the same species. Variation causes an
individual able to adapt to the surrounding for survival of the species. Example of variation are types
of fingerprints, attachment of ear lobes, height, ability to role the tongue and blood group.
Variasi ialah perbezaaan trait di antara individu dari spesies yang sama. Variasi menyebabkan
seorang individu berkebolehan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran untuk kemandirian
spesies. Contoh variasi ialah jenis cap jari, lekatan cuping telinga, ketinggian, kebolehan menggulung
lidah dan kumpulan darah.
A group of form 5 Perkasa students carried out an experiment to investigate the variation among
themselves. The traits on height and attachment of ear lobes were observed.
Sekumpulan pelajar dari 5 Perkasa menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat variasi dikalangan
mereka. Trait untuk ketinggian dan lekapan cuping telinga diperhatikan.
Height
Plan a laboratory experiment to determine the types of variation to the number of students. Your
planning of the experiment must include the following aspects:
Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan jenis variasi terhadap bilangan pelajar.
Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah
Objective of investigation
Objektif kajian
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
Variables
Pemboleh ubah
List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
Technique used
Teknik yang digunakan
Experimental procedure or method
Kaedah atau prosedur eksperimen
Presentation of data
Cara data dipersembahkan
Conclusion
Kesimpulan
17 marks
[ 17 markah ]
SULIT 4551/2
4551/2
Biology
Paper 2
October 2009
1 ½ jam
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA
1
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 1
No Criteria Marks
(a) Able to name tissue K and tissue L.
Answer:
K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue) 1
L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue) 1 2
(c) (i) Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.
Sample answer:
Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved, 1
to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves). 1
The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin. (Any 2) 1 2
(ii) Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plant
unable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue.
Sample answer:
Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf. 1
Less sunlight received / absorbed. 1
Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced 1
Or (Any 2)
Xylem vessels collapsed.
1
Less water supplied to leaves.
1
Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced
1 2
(Any 2)
(d) Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation.
Sample answer:
Cells grow, change shape / differentiate. 1
To carry out / perform specific function. 1 2
TOTAL 12
2
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 2
No Criteria Marks
(a) Able to name the phase U.
Sample answer:
U : Interphase 1 1
Sample answer :
1
X : Cell synthesises protein / new orgenelles formed 1
Y : DNA is synthesized / is replicated / 2 sister chromatids
formed 1 3
Z : Cell accumulates energy / synthesise energy / prepare for
cell division
(c)
Able to draw a daughter cell based on the following criteria: 1
No. of chromosomes are haploid / 3 chromosomes 1
Types of chromosomes/ non homologous 1
New genetic combination Any 2 2
(d)
Able to explain how radiotherapy can treat cancer. 1
Sample answer : 1
1
F : Radiotherapy uses radiation / high energy rays 1
E1 : destroy the nucleus of cancerous cells Any
E2 : cancerous cells die / cannot divide mitotically 1E = 1 2
E3 : cell cycle stops
(e)(i)
Able to name the method and explain the advantages of the
method in increasing crop yield. 1
1
Sample answer : 1
T : Tissue culture / Cloning 1
E1 : Large numbers of clones can be produced T=1m
E2 : Within a short period of time / any time Any
E3 : Clones inherited good characteristics/ resistance to diseases 2E
/ fast growth rate / large fruit / good genetic traits Marks 3
(e)(ii)
Able to state one problem : Any 1 1
Clones can be destroyed completely if they do not have the
resistance to new diseases / pest.//
No variation
TOTAL 12
3
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 3
No Criteria Marks
(ii) Able to name the natural phenomenon that can convert atmospheric
nitrogen to substance Q 1 1
Suggested answer
Lightning
(ii) Able to explain the role of the microorganism in the nitrogen cycle
Suggested answer
1. Saprophytic bacteria / fungi decompose protein in the dead 1
plants and animals / excretory products of animals
2. to ammonium/ simpler nitrogenous compounds/ ammonia which 1
is eventually converted to nitrates.
3. This increases the nitrate / nitrogen content of the soil. 1 3
Any 3
TOTAL 12
4
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 4
No Criteria Marks
(a) Able to state the substances injected into the blood of individual
P and individual Q.
Sample answer:
P : Dead or weakened bacteria / viruses / antigens// vaccine 1 2
Q : Serum containing antibodies // antiserum 1
Able to explain why there is a need for second and third doses
(ii) for the immunisation
Sample answer : 1
TOTAL 12
5
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 5
No Criteria Marks
( ii) Able to state one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints
of students X and Y.
Answer: 1 1
Genetic factor
(iii) Able to state how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation
Answer:
Genetic recombination during crossing over 1 1
results in the formation of different
Able to state two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the
(ii) same type of variation as in (b)(i)
Answer:
TOTAL 12
6
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
SECTION B
QUESTION 6
No Criteria Marks
(a) (i) Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and body
cell.
Sample answer:
Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher 1
than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell .
Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell 1
Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is 1
higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in
tracheole .
Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell 1 4
(ii) Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process of
inhalation and energy production of the insect.
Sample answer:
The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain 1
the air pressure
During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea. 1
The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst / 1
rupture.
Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal. 1
Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration 1
The insect does not produce enough energy and respire 1
anaerobically. 6
Less energy produced. (Any 6) 1
b (i) Able to compare and explain the respiration before and during
vigorous exercise.
Sample answer:
A + B = 1m
E=1m (Any one E)
8
(b) (ii) Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the
normal level at the 25th minute.
Sample answer:
Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles 1
The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose 1 2
TOTAL 20
8
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 7
No. Criteria Mark Remark
7(a) Able to explain the relationship between development of
the follicle , changing of the respective hormonal level in
the blood and the thickening of the uterine
endometrium.
Suggested answer:
Day 0 – 7
Follicle Max 3
– very small 1 marks for
– start to develop when receive FSH from pituitary 1 each stage
– the wall of follicle will produce estrogen 1 - 9 marks
FSH
- pituitary start to release FSH, FSH will go 1
to the ovary 1
- FSH stimulate development of follicle At least the
answer
Endometrium shows the
- stimulate by estrogen; undergo thickening / repairing 1 relationship
between 3
Day 8 – 14 parameter
Follicle i.e follicle,
- become larger, develop to form follicle Graaf hormone
FSH / LH/ Estrogen/progesterone 1 and
- FSH decrease, LH at maximum level , estrogen at endometriu
maximum level 1 m
- LH stimulate ovulation / completion of meiosis I, 1 - 1 mark
estrogen stimulate the thickening of endometrium
- Progesterone level very low 1
Endometrium
- endometrium become very thick (ready to
implantation (of embryo))
- 1
Day 15 - 21
Follicle
- Follicle undergoes ovulation/ released oocyte II
- The remaining follicle tissue / corpus luteum 1
secreted small amount of estrogen but large 1
amount of progesterone
9
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
Day 22 – 28
Corpus luteum
- if no fertilisation, corpus luteum become
disintegrate 1
Endometrium
- endometrium become breakdown & disintegrate 1
- blood and tissue are shed / lining of uterus
discharge through vagina as menstrual flow. 1 Max – 10
Similarities
- height of man / length of instar increases by time 1 Max – 10
- both show horizontal line / constant growth during marks
adult 1
*2 marks
Difference for
- Form of graph – Sigmoid form for human and like similarities,
series of steps in insect 1 8 marks for
- Age of organism – the height measured yearly, differences
but in insect used day for measuring the length 1
- Caused of different – human have endoskeleton
but insect have exoskeleton 1
- Stages involve – in human, the curve has three
different phases, but there are five steps in insect 1
// nymphal stages
- Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human did
not shows different line (only the curve from 1
continuous points), but there are five different
horizontal and vertical lines each
- Zero growth – no point to show zero growth in
human, but there are 5 time of zero growth (at 1
horizontal line)
- Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human,
but there are sudden growth in insect (at vertical 1
line)
- Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysis
occurred in insect 1
- Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis all
the time, but in insect, mitosis only occurred at 1
certain time (during ecdysis)
- Absorption of air : in human, there are no
absorption of air, but in insect, during ecdysis 1
TOTAL 20
10
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
QUESTION 8
No Criteria Marks
8(a) Able to explain why there is a variation of blood groups in the
offspring
1. The ABO blood group in humans is controlled by three alleles 1
IA, , IB and Io.
2 Alleles IA and IB are codominant but allele Io is recessive. 1
3 Ahmad is heterozygous for blood group A // Genotype of 1
Ahmad is IA, IO,
4 Amalina is heterozygous for blood group B // Genotype of 1
Amalina is IB, IO
5 Ahmad produces two types of sperms, one containing allele IA 1
and the other containing allele IO .
6 Amalina produces ovum containing allele IO or allele IB 1
7 When the sperm containing allele IO fertilizes with the ovum 1
containing allele IO the offspring produced will have the
genotype IO IO
8 and the phenotype is blood group O. 1
9 Three of the children who have the blood group O are 1
produced this way and they have the genotype IOIO
10 When the sperm containing the IA allele fertilizes with the 1
ovum containing allele IB then the offspring produced will
have the genotype IA IB
11 and the phenotype is blood group AB. 1
12 One of the children who have the blood group AB is produced
this way and has the genotype IA, IB. 1 10
Any 10 points
Genetic diagram:
IA IO IB IO
PT 5., 6
Gametes
√
Fertilisation
Offspring
Genotype IAIB IOIO √
PT7.10
Phenotype blood group AB blood group B
√ Pt 8, 11
(If answer using schematic diagram - only maximum 7 marks)
No Criteria Marks
11
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
Medicine
F5 : genetically modified bacteria produce insulin
P ; for treatment of diabetis mellitus
F6: Genetically modified yeast to produce vaccine for hepatitis
P: for prevention of diseases.
F7: Gene therapy for treatment of genetic disorders/ diseases e.g
muscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell anaemia
P: Defective gene removed and normal gene inserted.
Bad effect
F1 Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weeds
P: may be difficult to control growth of weeds.
F2: Some transgenic crops may have animal genes
P : this may not be acceptable to certain groups for religious reasons.
F3: Genetically modified foods may be harmful to health
P: may activate human genes to cause cancer.
F4: Transgenic organisms may affect the survival of other organisms
in the ecosystem.
P: may cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystem
F5: Gene therapy used for the treatment of genetic disorder has its
limitations.
P : may not be acceptable because of religious and moral values.
: very costly 4
Any 2F and P 10
Max 4m
TOTAL 20
QUESTION 9
12
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
No Criteria Marks
Suggested answer:
13
PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2
Any 5 points
Any 5 points
TOTAL 20
14
SULIT 4551/3
4551/3
Biology
Paper 3
October 2009
1 ½ jam
BIOLOGY
Paper 3
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA
4551/3
PPD Melaka Tengah 2009 SULIT
MARK SCHEME 2 4551/3
1(a)(i)
Score Explanation
Able to state any two observations based on the following criteria:
C1 : Numbers of times the boy running up and down the stair case.
3 C2 : The time taken for making 30 heart beats.
C3 : Reading for C1 and C2
1: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 15 seconds when he
runs up and down the stair case two times.
2: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 10 seconds when he
runs up and down the stair case four times.
1 (a)(ii)
Score Explanation
Able to state two reasonable inferences for the correspond to the observation.
3 1: The heart beats is slow because the boy’s body needs a smaller amount of
oxygen supply to run a shorter distance.
2: The heart beats is fast because the boy’s body needs a larger amount of
oxygen supply when he runs a longer distance.
1(b)
Score Explanation
Able to state the variable and the method to handle variable correctly (√) for each
variable and method
Manipulated variable
By running up and down the stair case
The distance run by the boy // for different number of times // 2 times,
the number of times he runs up three times and four times.
and down the stair case
Responding variable
By taking down the time taken for the
The time taken for the boy’s boy’s heart to beat 30 times after each
heart to beat 30 times after the running and record them in a table.
running.
Fixed variable By using the same boy throughout the
entire experiment // use the same stair
The boy, the height of the stair case for all the experiment // by
case, the number of heart beats counting the same number of heart
(30) beat for all the experiment.
3 Able to get all 6 (√)
2 Able to get 4 – 5 (√)
1 Able to get 2 – 3 (√)
MARK SCHEME 3 4551/3
0 No response or wrong response
1 (c)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:
P1 (manipulated)
P2 (responding)
R - State the relationship between P1 and P2.
The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, the
shorter the time his heart takes to beat 30 times after the running.
1. Time taken for making 30 heart beat depends on the numbers of times the boy
running up and down the stair case.
1 Able to state the idea of the hypothesis.
0 No response or wrong response
1(d)
Score Explanation
3 Able to record all the readings the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heart
beats in the three correctly.
2 times = 15 s
3 times = 12 s
4 times = 10 s
2 Able to record any 2 readings correctly.
1 Able to record any 1 readings correctly.
0 No response or wrong response.
1(e)
Score Explanation
Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment which the following
criteria:
3
C – state all the numbers of time of running up and down the stair case . (√)
D – Transfer all data correctly. (Time taken) (√)
T – calculate all the rate of the boy’s heart beat (with unit) (√)
The number of times The time taken for the The rate of the boy’s
of running up and boy’s heart to make 30 heart beat
down the stair case beats (s) (times/minutes)
2 15 120
3 12 150
4 10 180
2 Able to construct a table and record any two criteria
1 Able to construct a table and record any one criteria
0 No response or wrong response
1 (f)
Score Explanation
Able to draw the graph for the rate of the boy’s heart beats against the number of
times of running up and down the stair case.
P1 – Both axes are labeled with unit and uniform scale.
P2 – All points are correctly plotted
P3 – Smooth curve (didn’t touch X-axis or/and Y-axis)
MARK SCHEME 4 4551/3
3 Able to get all criteria correct
2 Able to get any two criteria correct
1 Able to get any one criteria correct
0 No response or wrong response
1(g)
Score Explanation
Able to explain the relationship between the number of times of running up and
3 down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the
rate of the boy’s heart beat correctly.
The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, the
shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times, so the
higher the rate of the boy’s heart beat.
2 Able to explain briefly the relationship between the number of times of running up
and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the
rate of the boy’s heart beat.
1 Able to explain the idea of relationship between the number of times of running up
and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and the
rate of the boy’s heart beat.
0 No response or wrong response
1(h)
Score Explanation
3 Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with the
following aspect.
Prediction:
P1 – Able to predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the
same staircase 5 times.
Explanation:
P2 – Able to state the changes in number of times the boy runs up and down the
stair case,
P3 – Able to state the changes in the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or
to beat 30 times,
Sample answer:
The rate of the boy’s heart beat would be higher than 180 times per minute
because the more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case,
the shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times.
2 Able to predict based on any two criteria.
1 Able to predict based on any one criteria.
0 No response or wrong response
1(i)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the definition of the rate of the heartbeat operationally, complete
and correct, based on the following criteria.
Sample answer
The heartbeat rate is the number of breaths per minute shown by the time taken
MARK SCHEME 5 4551/3
for making 30 heartbeats and is affected by the number of times the boy runs up
and down the staircase.
2 Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on any
two criteria.
1 Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on any
one criterion or an ideal or hypothesis form.
0 No response or wrong response
I(j)
Score Explanation
3 Able to classify all the apparatus and materials used correctly.
Apparatus Materials
J tube, basin, Water, potassium
boiling tube, ruler, pyrogallate solution,
beaker, rubber potassium hydroxide
tubing solution
2 Able to classify all the apparatus correctly but one material wrong// all materials
correctly but one apparatus wrong.
5-6 apparatus correct with 2 materials
4-5 apparatus correct with 1 materials
Question 2:
KB061201 – ( Problem statement)
Sample answer:
1. Do all the students have the same attachment of ear lobes and
height / types of variation?
2. Do different attachment of ear lobes and height affect the
number of students?
3. Do the boys and girls have the same attachment of ear lobes
and height?
4. How many students have the same attachment of ear lobes and
height?
5. What is the number of student in the group having the same
attachment of ear lobes and height?
Sample Answer:
1. Height and attachment of ear lobes affect the number of
students ?
Sample answer :
1. Different number of students show different types of
ear lobes attachment and height / types of variation // inversely .
2. Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type
of ear lobes attachment and (specific range) of height .
MARK SCHEME 7 4551/3
3. Height is a continuous variation and attachment of ear lobes /
is a discontinuous variation.
2 Able to write an incomplete hypothesis statement
Sample answer:
1. Students have different types of attachment of ear lobes and height.
1 Tick
Able to give an idea of the above hypothesis.
Sample answer:
1. Attachment of ear lobes and height varies among the students .
Sample answer
Variables –
Able to state the three variables correctly.
Technique –
Sample answer:
Record / count the number of students / boys and girls with different
types of variation using meter rule.
// Record the height using the meter rule / count the number of
students having different types of ear lobes attachment
MARK SCHEME 8 4551/3
Bonus 1 = 1 mark
Sample Answer :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
Bonus 2 = 1 mark
Sample answer :
Different students show different types of attachment of ear lobes/
different height. Hypothesis is accepted.
// Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type of ear lobes
attachment and (specific range of ) height .
// Height is a continuous variation and types of ear lobes attachment/ is
a discontinuous variation.
Sample Answer:
1) Student
2) Graph paper
3) Marker/pen
4) Meter rule / tape
03 Report writing
3 Score 3 = 7-9 √
2 Score 2 = 4-6 √
1 Score 1 = 1-3 √
0 No response or wrong response.
TOTAL = 17 marks
Question 1: 33 Marks
Question 2: 17 Marks
(Total = 50 marks)