11th Mar 2006 Building a Linux IP v6 DNS Server 1

Academic Project Review

Guided by Compiled by
Shankar S. M.E Linux Lovers Team

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Topics of Discussion
• Introduction
• Project Scheduled
• About Kernel Compilation
• About DNS Configuration
• Conclusion

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Topics of Discussion
• Introduction
• Project Scheduled
• About Kernel Compilation
• About DNS Configuration
• Conclusion

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 IPv6 – A Quick Tour

• Born on December 1998

• IPv6 is a new layer 3 protocol which will

supersede IPv4

• Formerly called as SIP, SIPP

• Major changes in IPv6 are the redesign of the

header, including the increase of address size
from 32 bits to 128 bits

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 IPv6 Features
• Increased address space
– 128 bits = 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses
– (2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456)
– = 67 billion billion addresses per cm2 of the planet surface
• Hierarchical address architecture
– Improved address aggregation
• More efficient header architecture
• Neighbor discovery and autoconfiguration
– Improved operational efficiency
– Easier network changes and renumbering
– Simpler network applications (Mobile IP)
• Integrated security features
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 IPv6 Addresses

• Example
– 3ffe:3700:0200:00ff:0000:0000:0000:0001

• This can be written as

– 3ffe:3700:200:ff:0:0:0:1 or
– 3ffe:3700:200:ff::1

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 Existing System - IPv4 Header

Changed Removed
0 bits 4 8 16 24 31
Ver IHL Service Type Total Length

Identifier Flags Fragment Offset

Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum

32 bit Source Address

32 bit Destination Address

Options and Padding

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 Proposed System -IPv6 Header

0 4 12 16 24 31

Version Class Flow Label

Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit

128 bit Source Address

128 bit Destination Address

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 Supported RFCs for our project
• RFC1886: DNS extension for IPv6

• RFC2373: IPv6 addressing architecture

• RFC2428: FTP extensions for IPv6 & NATs

• RFC2452: IPv6 MIB: TCP

• RFC2463: ICMP for IPv6

• RFC2464: IPv6 over ethernet

• RFC2466: IPv6 MIB: ICMP

• RFC2553: Basic socket API for IPv6

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Topics of Discussion
• Introduction
• Project Scheduled
• About Kernel Compilation
• About DNS Configuration
• Conclusion

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 Our Project Scheduled
Module 1
– Study about Linux.
– Kernel Compilation and Creation of Batch Work.

Module 2
– Study about DNS And BIND. Our
– DNS Configuration Settings. Discussion

Module 3
– Sockets for connection between IPv4 and IPv6.
– Construction of java code with Swing and testing.
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Topics of Discussion
• Introduction
• Project Scheduled
• About Kernel Compilation
• About DNS Configuration
• Conclusion

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 Why Compile a Kernel?

• Optimization
– "Lower" memory footprint
– Speed, compiled for your hardware
• Additional drivers
• Enabling additional features (security
patch for example)
• Use a more recent kernel than prebuilt
kernels (for example, an RC version)

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 Obtaining and Extracting the Kernel

• Download the source from:

– http://www.kernel.org/pub
– http://carroll.aset.psu.edu/pub/linux/kernel
• Extracting the sources
– cd /usr/src; tar xvfj linux-kernel-2.4.2.tar.bz2

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 Programs for Configuration

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 Screenshot - menuconfig

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 Building the Kernel

• Kernel
# make dep -> dependency check
# make clean -> parameter check
# make bzImage -> Extracting Kernel image
• Modules
# make modules -> configuring modules
# make modules_install -> installing modules

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 Installing the Kernel

• New kernel is in arch/i386/boot, copy it somewhere

(i.e. /boot/vmlinux-KENRELVERSION)

• Copy System.map to /boot/System.map-

KERNELVERSION

• ln -s /boot/System.map-KERNELVERSION
/boot/System.map

• GRUB: Add to /boot/grub/menu.lst

– title RedHat Linux Enterprise 3 GNU/Linux, kernel 2.4.8
– root (hd0,0)
– kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8 root=/dev/hda1 ro

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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 Screen shots –kernel Compilation

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Topics of Discussion
• Introduction
• Project Scheduled
• About Kernel Compilation
• About DNS Configuration
• Conclusion

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 DNS in Nut Shell

• DNS is the Domain Name System

• It translates (or "maps" as the jargon would have it) from
name to address and from address to name, and some
other things.
• Allow machines to be logically grouped by name
Domains
• Provides email routing Information

Forward Lookup
Hostname into IP address
Reverse Lookup
IP address into Host Name
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 DNS Server Functions

• Internet Domain Support

- Accessing servers through remote network

• Local Name Resolution

- Resolve the hostnames of systems on your LAN

• Internet Name Resolution

- Most often used for this is the ISP's DNS servers

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 Graphical Representation DNS Configuration

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 Name Server Hierarchy

• Master Name Server

– Contains the master copy of data for a zone.
• Slave Name Server
– Provides a backup to the master name server.
• Caching Name Server
– Provides a backup of queries and answers

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 DNS upside-down tree structure

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 Service Profile :DNS

• Type : System V-Managed Service

• Packages : bind, bind-utils

• Daemons : named, rndc

• Script : named

• Ports : 53(domain), 953(rndc)

• Configs : /etc/named.conf,

/var/named/*

/etc/rndc.*

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 DNS Startup
• # Service named start

- Starting the named service

• # Service named stop

- Stoping the named service

• # Service named restart

- Restarting the named service

• # Chkconfig named on

- Starting at the time of boot

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 Configuring BIND

• BIND –Berkeley Internet Name Domain

• Widely used DNS server on the Internet

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux uses BIND 9

• Maintained by ISC( Internet Software Consortium)

• Default Configuration file in BIND is /etc/named.conf

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 DNS TOOLS

• Debugging tools
– named-checkconf,
– named-checkzone

• DNS lookup tools

– nslookup
– dig

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 The Bottom Line Of the Project

Server
Mission Critical
Server

clients

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 Screen Shots of Named.conf file

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 Screen Shots of db.card.com

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 Screen Shots - DIG

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 Screen Shots -Module IPV6

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 Screen Shots Name Resolution

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Topics of Discussion
• Introduction
• Project Scheduled
• About Kernel Compilation
• About DNS Configuration
• Conclusion

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 Conclusion

• IPv6 is a key cutting Edge Technology

• Top 4th Technology all around the world

– Source: (EFY Magazine December 2005)

• Top 6th Technology from Computer Networks

– Source: Network Magazine

• Long-term solution, Scalable, Reliable, Manageable

• Secure and High-performance IP networks.

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 Questions?
• Thanks for your
attention
• Any questions?

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