RESEARCH CENTER FOR REGIONAL ANALYZES AND POLICIES in collaboration with
Editors Florina BRAN Tudor George MRUNELU Ildiko IOAN Carmen Valentina RDULESCU
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Fifth edition ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE IN A COMPETITIVE ECONOMY Bucharest 07-08 March 2013
Proceedings
Supplement of Quality-Access to Success Journal Vol. 14, S1, March 2013. The journal is published by the Romanian Society for Quality Assurance, The journal is indexed in SCOPUS, EBSCO Publishing, ProQuest and Cabells Directory Management databases. ISSN 1582-2559
MOLDAVIAN ACADEMY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES R. Moldova ROMANIAN ACADEMY INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL ECONOMY INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY SOCAR Romania MEDIA PARTNER Quality access to success Journal SIMONE CESARETTI FOUNDATION Italy GENERAL ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMISTS FROM ROMANIA CATANIA UNIVERSITY Italy PARTHENOPE UNIVERSITY NAPOLI Italy
II
Scientific Committee Prof.univ.dr. Rzvan Zaharia President, Senate Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Ion Stancu Vice Rector, Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Constantin Mitru Vice Rector, Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Gabriela igu Vice Rector, Bucharest AES Conf.univ.dr. Dorel Paraschiv - Vice Rector, Bucharest AES Conf.univ.dr. Robert ova Vice Rector, Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Andrei Tudorel - Director, Institute of Doctoral Studies Prof.univ.dr. Vladimir Rojanschi - Ecological University Bucharest Prof.univ.dr. Iuri Peri - University of Catania (Italy) Prof.univ.dr. Magdalena Iordache Platis Dean, Faculty of Administration and Business, University of Bucharest Dr. James MacAskill Dean, St. James Business School Londra (Great Britain) Prof.univ.dr. Carlo Alberto Campiotti, National Agency for New Technology, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (Italy) Prof.univ.dr. Elena Nolica Druic University of Bucharest Prof.univ.dr. Diego Begalli University of Verona (Italy) Prof.univ.dr.hab. Constantin Matei - ASE Moldova (R. Moldovia) Prof.univ.dr. Daniela Covino - Parthenope University Naples (Italy) Prof.univ.dr. Philip Bur ny , Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, University Liege (Belgium) Prof.univ.dr. Marius Profiroiu Dean, Faculty of Administration and Public Management Dr. Marek Wigier Director, Institute of Agr-Food Economy Institute of National Research (Poland) Prof.univ.dr. Dumitru Miron Dean,FacultyofInternationalEconomicRelations Prof.univ.dr. Mirela Stoian Vice Dean, Faculty of Agro-Food and Environmental Economics Prof.univ.dr. Melinda Cndea University of Bucharest Prof.univ.dr. Gabriella Vindigni University of Catania (Italy) Prof.univ.dr. Octavia Bogdan Institute of Geography of Romanian Academy Prof.univ.dr. Costel Negrei Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Mircea Nstase Bucharest AES Sc.rs.dr. Dana Magdalena Micu, Institute of Geography of Romanian Academy Conf.univ.dr. Carmen Lenuta Trica - Vice Dean, Faculty of Agro-Food and Environmental Economics Conf.univ.dr. Corneliu Guu Vice Rector, ASE Moldova (R. Moldovia) Conf.univ.dr. Romulus Andreica Rector, Satu Mare Commercial Academy Lect.univ.dr. Raluca Ignat Vice Dean, Faculty of Agro-Food and Environmental Economics Sc.rs.dr. Mihai Alexandru Micu - Institute of Geography of Romanian Academy Conf.univ.dr. Ghenadie Ciobanu - ASE Moldova (R. Moldovia) Prof.univ.dr. Ionel Bostan - tefan cel Mare University Suceava Prof.univ.dr. Gheorghe Lepdatu - Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University Bucharest Prof.univ.dr. Dinu Marin Director, Department of Economy and Economic Policies Conf.univ.dr. Cristina Alpopi Director, Department of Administration and PublicManagement Prof.univ.dr. Dorel Ailenei - Dean, Faculty of Economics Prof.univ.dr. Ion Dobre - AESBucharest Tudor Mrunelu Editor in chief Quality Access to Succes Journal Prof.univ.dr. Tudor Nistorescu University of Craiova Prof.univ.dr. Dumitru Ristoiu - Babe-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Anca Peroiu Editor, Quality Access to Succes Journal Prof.univ.dr. Daniela Borisov - Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Victoria Stanciu - Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Marin Andreica - Bucharest AES Prof.univ.dr. Alexandru Ozunu Dean, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Babe-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Prof.univ.dr. Alexandru Negrea - Ovidius University Constana Conf.univ.dr. Gabriel Nstase - Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University Bucharest Conf.univ.dr. Ruxandra Irina Popescu Vice Dean, Faculty of Administration and Public Management Conf.univ.dr. Maria Mortan - Babe-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Conf.univ.dr. Crina Dacinia Petrescu - Babe-Bolyai University Cluj- Napoca Conf.univ.dr. Irena Munteanu - Ovidius University Constana Dr. Cristina Popa Ministry of Environment and Climate Changes Lect.univ.dr. Elena Bogan University of Bucharest
Organizing Committee Prof.univ.dr. Dan Boboc - Dean Faculty of Agri-Food and Environmental Economics Prof.univ.dr. Florina Bran Faculty of Agri-Food and Environmental Economics Prof.univ.dr. Nicolae Istudor Vice Rector Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies Prof.univ.dr. Gabriel Popescu Director Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Economics Conf.univ.dr. Carmen Valentina Rdulescu Faculty of Agri-Food and Environmental Economics Conf.univ.dr. Ildiko Ioan Faculty of Agri-Food and Environmental Economics Drd. Cristina Partal Bucharest AES Drd. Octavian erban - Bucharest AES Drd. Paul Calanter - Bucharest AES Drd. Cristina Ciovic - Bucharest AES
Computer editing Conf.univ.dr. Ildiko Ioan Conf.univ.dr. Carmen Valentina Rdulescu Drd. Cristina Emilia Ciovica
Aknowledgements The proceedings of the PEEC2013 International Conference were published with the financial support of SOCAR Romania.
Disclaimer The editors and the board of the Quality Access to Success Journal do not assume any responsibility for the content of the papers. The responsibility for the content of the papers published in this volume regards only the authors and co-authors of the papers.
III OPENING SPEECH
PhD. Professor Pavel Nstase Rector of the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies
This year our institution reached a historical milestone: the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies turns 100 years. A century of economic higher education is of great contribution for the progress toward performance in Romania within increasing turmoil generated by various crises. I welcome the initiative to continue discussions on economic and environmental problems during the fourth edition of the conference 'Environmental performance in a competitive economy. "Assuming the values of sustainable development emphasizes the care and consideration for future generations. As we strive to satisfy the aspirations of growth and social development to meet the present needs, one should make sure that the chances of future generations to meet their own aspirations are not compromised. In a practical sense, this means increasing research efforts to develop clean technologies capable of promoting growth and social objectives. Profit maximization under increased social and environmental constraints is the equation of sustainable development at microeconomic level. Several operational formulae like: eco-efficiency, industrial ecosystem, social responsibility have been implemented in order to solve the equation in a progressive number of companies. The fact that 80% of the 250 world largest companies issues social responsability reports proofs the recognition of these values. Resources can be managed rationally if there is enough managerial capacity and a balance between economy and environment exists. Failure to size appropriate managerial dimension in the environmental requirements context leads to disruptions, risks and imbalances with irreversible effects. Improving environmental management assumes abandoning polarized debates and building partnerships that transcend scientific, political, economic, social and geographical.boundaries. Environmental performance is a competitive advantage in the global market, with implications for both short and long term. The companies that integrate principles of environmental protection and sustainable development, environmental concern is manifested not only in business relations, but also within them, in each compartment and production sector. The broad participation to this event shows an increased interest and awareness of environmental issues in the context of eco-economic dynamic processes that characterize international social and political climate. Environmental challenges are serious in Romania: air pollution imposes high costs in terms of human health, infrastructure for water and wastewater is underdeveloped and damaged; the list of hot spots and critical areas is alarmingly long. Allocating funds for environmental problems is difficult given that they coexist with other social priorities such as education, health and pension reforms and, more recently, with the urgent problems caused by the global economic crisis. Achieving sustainable development requires, in addition to environmental compliance improving environmental performance and new ways of cooperation and mutual learning. Of course, there may be some who consider such initiatives as green enthusiasm that passes, during economic recession. They show no prospect as environmental legislation becomes more complex and extensive, affecting all types of economic activities. Public authorities are about to implement Local Agenda 21 and the public is more aware of the environmental problems. We hope that the debates occasioned by the conference will create the premises to formulate the necessary conditions for businesses to reduce their environmental impact and to ensure continuous improvement and progress towards operational excellence in environmental management. Within this context, we consider the debate initiated by the organizers a great opportunity to create premises for formulating the methodology to be adapted to various situations. We also welcome the collaboration with the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Institute of National Economy and the Institute of Geography of the Romanian Academy, General Association of Economists from Romania, Parthenope University Naples, "Simone Cesaretti" Foundation from Naples, University of Catania which we hope that will ensure a very good correlation between the analysis of information on physical phenomena and the real possibilities that can provide economic resources. We warmly welcome you in the Academy of Economic Studies and I wish you interesting and vivid debates.
March 2013
IV MESSAGE Academician PhD. Professor Grigore Belostecinic Rector of the Moldavian Academy of Economic Studies
Dear Mr. Rector, Ladies and gentlemen, Honored assistance,
I gladly and anxiously address you my greeting message, to you, the organizers and participants to this Conference. Ladies and Gentlemen, We have a great pleasure to answer your Invitation to participate in the fourth edition of the International Scientific Conference Environmental Performance in a competitive economy. We appreciate the efforts made by the organizers in order to achieve this fruitful scientific conference that will boost and enhance further our common achievements, in order to respond as quickly and effectively to the current challenges of the economic science and practice. At the same time, we have a special gratitude to the successes obtained by ASE Bucharest and, in particular by the Faculty of Agri-food and Environmental Economy, for the hard work and notorious successes recorded in the assessment of the environmental components and their integration in the economic decision-making process and national development program achievement. Using this occasion I would like to mention that recently, The Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova had an event of great significance - the 20 years anniversary since its founding, a huge role into the foundation was brought by ASE Bucharest, due to the first rector of the Academy, Professor Paul Bran, Rector and founder of this prestigious association of Moldova. We would like to thank to all those who have supported us during that time and with whom we have a scientific and teaching partnership and also a good friendship, which in future may be even more effective. Dear colleagues, The themes and subjects discussed in this scientific forum are of a great importance and theoretical and practical topicality. The increase of the environmental exigencies is more and more obvious in all fields of activity. The economy is not an exception. The fulfillment of these requirements is an important challenge for the enterprises, but also for the authorities. This is due on one hand to the numerous changes which are necessary to reduce the environmental impact, changes which, in their turn, require significant resources. On the other hand, the moment of change also means numerous opportunities created by developing the green economy and the new types of relations between the public and private participants of the economic life. The debates of the first three editions attest the complexity of the problems, and the need to continue the confrontations between theory and practice, between researchers, representatives of the academic and public administration, business men and consultants, representatives of the civil society to identify and evaluate the increase channels of ecological performance in the context of an economy characterized by a high competiveness. Improving economic productivity on ecological criteria is a desideratum to achieve under the conditions of health degradation and the impossibility to assure peoples security and safety. Obtaining environmental performance has become an important requirement of the market economy of The European Union to contribute to the improvement of the social dimension of the economic development. The agenda proposed by the organizers and the themes the attendees bring under discussion cover a wide range of issues related to the causes of the production, analysis indicators, monitoring, environmental management and communication. They address various issues of the environment, such as foreground problems, like climate change, biodiversity loss, waste management, protection of air quality, reducing energy consumption, using renewable energy, pollution of the seas and oceans. We hope that the debates initiated here help us determine what must be done, so that we obtain useful information for those directly involved in the environmental management. Finally, I wish the organizers and to all of the participants at this important scientific manifestation a lot of success in finding and implementing the most effective methods of increasing the ecological performance at a micro and macro level. For a 2020 Romania with modern and competitive performance in the new society and knowledge economy!!!
March 2013
V Dear Colleagues, As a member of Scientific Committee of the International Conference Environmental Performance in a Competitive Economy 5 th Edition, I wish to thank the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies for both organizing such a relevant meeting and for inviting me to presence. I really appreciate the abundance and variety of all fundamental themes faced by this Conference and strongly believe that this kind of academic initiative have the important role of sustaining international debate about them. As a member of Department of Economics of Parthenope University of Naples and Coordinator of PhD Programme in Economics of Agri-food and Environmental Resources, I strongly support and appreciate the attempt of establishing networks between universities, for both educational and research purposes. The organisations that I represent are both really inside the issue of links between economic evolution and sustainability. Specifically, the PhD Programme, faces advanced scientific issues in the fields of Agri-food and environmental economics and policy, with respect to EU and International contest. Among these, the core interest is increasingly focusing on economic, environmental and ethical sustainability of Agri-food systems functioning and evolution, so that interests are strongly shared with some of the fundamental activities carried out by the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. Consequently, I am pleased to wish a strong success to the International Conference Environmental Performance in a Competitive Economy 5 th Edition, and hope for a future profitable collaboration between the Academy and the Organisations I am representing.