09 06ChapGere

SECTION 9.
11
615
Representation of Loads on Beams by Discontinuity Functions

Problem 9.11-1 through 9.11-12 A beam and its loading are shown in
the figure. Using discontinuity functions, write the expression for the
intensity q(x) of the equivalent distributed load acting on the beam
(include the reactions in the expression for the equivalent load).
y
P
D
B
x
b
a
L
Solution 9.11-1
Cantilever beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM:
y
P
RA P
MA Pa
B
x
USE TABLE 9-2.
MA
b
q(x) RA x1 MA x2 P x a1
RA
P x1 Pa x2 Px a1
Problem 9.11-2
y
q
D
B
x
b
a
L
Solution 9.11-2
Cantilever beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA qb
MA
qb
(2a b)
2
y
q
USE TABLE 9-2.

1
q(x) RA x
A
2
MA x
qb x1
B
x
q x a q x L
0
qb
(2a b) x2
2
q x a0 q x L0
MA
RA
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a
L
616
CHAPTER 9
Deflections of Beams
Problem 9.11-3
y
q = 2 k/ft
P=4k
B x
D
6 ft
Solution 9.11-3
3 ft
Cantilever beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM:
y
q = 2 k/ft
MA
B x
D
a 6 ft
RA 16 k
P=4k
USE TABLE 9-2.
b 3 ft
Units: kips, inches
1
q(x) RA x MA x2 q x0 q x a0

P x L1
1
1
16 x1 864 x2 x0 x 720
6
6
4 x 1081
RA
q 2 kft
MA 864 k-in.
1
k in.
6
a 6 ft 72 in.
b 3 ft 36 in.
L 9 ft 108 in.
(Units: x in., q kin.)
Problem 9.11-4
B
x
b
L
Solution 9.11-4
Simple beam
pb
FROM EQUILIBRIUM:
RA
L
RB
Pa
L
USE TABLE 9-2.
B
x
q(x) RA x1 P x a1 RB x L1

Pb 1
x P x a1
L
Pa

x L1
L
RA
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b
L
RB
SECTION 9.11
617
Problem 9.11-5
M0
y
A
B
x
b
L
Solution 9.11-5
Simple beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA
M0
y
A
USE TABLE 9-2.

x
q(x) RA x1 M0 x a2 RB x L1

M0 1
x M0 x a2
L
M0

x L1
L
RA
RB
Problem 9.11-6
M0
M0
RB
(downward)
L
L
y
A
B
x
a
L
Solution 9.11-6
Simple beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA RB P
y
USE TABLE 9-2.

1
q(x) RA x
P x a
1
B
x
1
P x L a
RB x L1
P x1 P x a1 P x L a1
P x L1
a
RA
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a
L
RB
618
CHAPTER 9
Problem 9.11-7
y
M0 = 20 k-ft
P = 18 k
D
x
16 ft
Solution 9.11-7
10 ft
Simple beam
M0 20 k-ft 240 k-in. P 18 k
a 16 ft 192 in. b 10 ft 120 in.
L 26 ft 312 in.
y
M0 = 20 k-ft
FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA 7.692 k
P = 18 k
D
USE TABLE 9-2.

Units: kips, inches
1
q(x) RA x M0 x2 P x a1
B
x
a = 16 ft
RB x L1
b = 10 ft
RA
RB 10.308 k
7.692 x1 240 x2 18 x 1921
RB
10.308 x 312 1

(Units: x in., q kin.)
Problem 9.11-8
y
q
D
B
x
a
L
Solution 9.11-8
Simple beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM:
RA
qa
(2L a)
2L
RB
qa2
2L
USE TABLE 9-2.

q(x) RA x1 q x0 q x a0 RB x L1
q
B
x
(qa2L)(2L a) x1 q x0

q x a0 (qa22L) x L1
a
RA
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RB
SECTION 9.11
Problem 9.11-9
619
q0
y
D
B
x
L/3
Solution 9.11-9
L/3
L/3
Simple beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM:
q(x) RA x1
B
x
L/3
RA
L/3
RB
5q0 L
54
USE TABLE 9-2.
q0
2q0 L
27
RA
L/3
q0 x
3q0
3q0
L
2L
x 1
x 1
L
3
L
3
2L 0
RB x L1
3
(2q0 L 27) x1 (3q0 L) x L 31
RB
(3q0 L) x 2L 31 q0 x 2L 30

(5q0 L 54) x L1
Problem 9.11-10
P = 120 kN
q = 20 kN/m
C
B
x
10 m
Solution 9.11-10
5m
5m
Simple beam
FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA 180 kN
RB 140 kN
USE TABLE 9-2.

Units: kilonewtons, meters
1
q(x) RA x q x0 q x L 20
P x 3L 41 RB x L1
B
x
L
= 10 m
2
1
120 x 15 140 x 20

(Units: x meters, q kNm)
180 x1 20 x0 20 x 100

1
P = 120 kN
q = 20 kN/m
RA
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L
=5m
4
L
=5m
4
RB
620
CHAPTER 9
Problem 9.11-11
y
P=8k
M0 = 12 k-ft
B
D
x
C
6 ft
Solution 9.11-11
y
6 ft
Beam with an overhang
M0 = 12 k-ft
B
P=8k
FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA 3 k
RB 11 k
USE TABLE 9-2.

x
C
L
L
= 6 ft = 6 ft
2
2
RB
RA
6 ft
(downward)
(upward)
Units: kips, inches
q(x) RA x1 M0 x L 22 RB x L1
L
= 6 ft
2
P x 3L 21
3 x1 144 x 722 11 x 144 1
8 x 216 1
M0 12 k-ft 144 k-in.

L
6 ft 72 in.
2
L 12 ft 144 in.
x in.,
(Units:
Problem 9.11-12
q = 12 kN/m
C
D
x
B
1.2 m
Solution 9.11-12
1.2 m
1.2 m
USE TABLE 9-2.
q = 12 kN/m
C
q kNin.)
D
x
B
L = 1.2 m
L = 1.2 m
2
2
L = 1.2 m
RA
RB
q x 3L 20
2.4 x1 10 x 1.21 10 x 2.41
12 x 2.40 24 x 2.41
q 12 kNm
L
1.2 m
2
L 2.4 m
FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA 2.4 kN
RB 24.0 kN

q
q
x L 21
x L1
q(x) RA x1
L 2
L 2
q x L 0 RB x L1 q x L0
12 x 2.40 12 x 3.60
(downward)
(upward)
2.4 x1 10 x 1.21 10 x 2.41

24 x 2.41 12 x 3.60
(Units: x meters, q kNm)
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SECTION 9.12
Beam Deflections Using Discontinuity Functions
621

The problems for Section 9.12 are to be solved by using discontinuity
functions. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI. (Obtain the
equations for the equivalent distributed loads from the corresponding
problems in Section 9.11.)
Problem 9.12-1, 9.12-2, and 9.12-3 Determine the equation of the
deflection curve for the cantilever beam ADB shown in the figure. Also,
obtain the angle of rotation B and deflection B at the free end. (For the
beam of Problem 9.12-3, assume E 10 103 ksi and I 450 in.4)
Solution 9.12-1
Cantilever beam
v(0) 0
C2 0
EI(0) 0 0 0 C2
B.C.
y
P
D
B
x
FINAL EQUATIONS
EIv (Px2)(x 2a) (P2) x a2
EIv (Px 26)(x 3a) (P6) x a3
RA
B CLOCKWISE ROTATION AT END B (x L)
FROM PROB: 9.11-1:
INTEGRATE THE EQUATION
EIv(L) (PL2)(L 2a) (P2) L a2

(PL2) (L 2a) (P2) (L a)2
Pa 22
EIv V P x0 Pa x1 P x a0
uB v(L)
EIv q(x) P x1 Pa x2 P x a1
EIv M P x1 Pa x0 P x a1
B DOWNLOAD DEFLECTION AT END B (x L)
Note: x1 x and x0 1
EIv(L) (PL26)(L 3a) (P6) L a3

(PL 26) (L 3a) (P6) (L a)3
(Pa 26)(3L a)
Pa2
B v(L)
(3L a) (downward)
6 EI
EIv Px 22 Pax (P2) x a2 C1

B.C. v(0) 0
EI(0) 0 0 0 C1
C1 0
EIv Px36 Pa x22 (P6) x a3 C2
Solution 9.12-2
Pa2
(clockwise)
2EI
Cantilever beam

q
D
EIv V qb x0 (qb2)(2a b) x1 q x a1
B
x
b
EIv qbx22 (qb2)(2a b)x (q6) x a3 C1
B.C.
FROM PROB: 9.11-2:
v(0) 0
EI (0) 0 0 0 C1
C1 0
1
EIv q(x) qb x
2
(qb2)(2a b) x
q x a q x L
0
EIv M qb x1 (qb2)(2a b) x0 q x a22

1
0
Note: x x and x 1
EIv qbx36 (qb2)(2a b)(x22) (q24) x a4 C2
Note: x L0 0 and may be dropped from the

equation.
v(0) 0
C2 0
B.C.
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EI(0) 0 0 0 C2
622
CHAPTER 9
FINAL EQUATIONS
B DOWNWARD DEFLECTION AT END B (x L)
EIv (qbx2)(x L a) (q6) x a3
EIv(L) (qbL212)(3a L) (q24) L a4

(qbL212)(3a L) (q24)(L a)4
(q24)(3L 4 4a3L a4)
(After some lengthy algebra)
q
B v(L)
(3L4 4a3L a4 ) (downward)
24 EI
EIv (qbx212)(2x 3a 3L)

(q24) x a4
B CLOCKWISE ROTATION AT END B (x L)
EIv(L) (qbL2)(a) (q6) L a3
qabL2 (q6)(L a)3
(q6)(L 3 a3)
q
uB v(L)
(L3 a3 )(clockwise)
6 EI
Solution 9.12-3
Cantilever beam
FINAL EQUATIONS
y
q = 2 k/ft
P=4k
B x
D
6 ft
q 2 kft
B CLOCKWISE ROTATION AT END B (x L 108 in.)

uB v(L) v(108)
I 450 in.4
FROM PROB: 9.11-3
Units: kips, inches
EIv q(x) 16 x1 864 x2 (16) x0

(16) x 720 4 x 1081
Note: x 1081 0 and may be dropped from the
equation.
1
EIv V 16 x 864 x

0
(16) x
(16) x 72
0
1
Note: x 1 and x x
EIv M 16x 864 x0 x2 12 (112) x 722
EIv 8x2 864 x1 x3 36

(136) x 723 C1
v(0) 0
C1 0
EI(0) 0 0 0 0 C1
EIv 8x33 432 x2 x4144

(1 144) x 724 C2
v(0) 0
C2 0
B.C.
108
[(108)(108) 288(108) 31,104]
36 EI
1

(108 72) 3
36 EI
108
1
1

(11,664)
(46,656) (33,696)
36 EI
36 EI
EI
uB
EI (10 103 ksi)(450 in.4) 4.5 106 k-in.2

33,696
4.5 106
0.007488 radians (clockwise)
uB
B DOWNWARD DEFLECTION AT END

B (x L 108 in.)
B v(L) v(108)
(108) 2
[(108)(108) 384(108) 62,208]
144EI
1

(108 72) 4
144 EI
(108) 2
1

(32,400)
(1,679,616)
144 EI
144 EI
B
1
Note: x x
B.C.
EIv (x2144)(x2 384x 62,208)

(1144) x 724
Units: E ksi,
I in.4, v radians,
v in., x in.
3 ft
1
kin.
6
b 36 in.
a 72 in.
L 108 in.
E 10 103 ksi.
EIv (x36)(x2 288x 31,104) (136) x 723
EI(0) 0 0 0 0 C2
2,612,736 2,612,736

EI
4.5 106
0.5806 in. (downward)
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SECTION 9.11
Problem 9.12-4, 9.12-5, and 9.12-6 Determine the equation of the deflection
curve for the simple beam AB shown in the figure. Also, obtain the angle
of rotation A at the left-hand support and the deflection D at point D.
Solution 9.12-4
Simple beam
B
x
FROM
PROB:
9.114:
EIv q(x) (PbL)x
EIv Pbx22L (P2) x a2
(Pb6L)(3x2 b2 L2 ) (P2) x a2

(Pbx6L)(L2 b2 )
1
P x a
(Pbx6L)(x2 b2 L2 )
3
(PaL)x L
1
Note: x L
equation.
(P6) x a3
0 and may be dropped from the
A CLOCKWISE ROTATION AT SUPPORT A (x 0)

EIv(0) (Pb6L)(b2 L2 ) (P2)(0)
uA v(0) (Pb6L)(L2 b2 )(1EI)
EIv V (PbL)x P x a
0
Pb
Pb
(L2 b2 )
(L b)(L b)
6 LEI
6 LEI
Pab

(L b)
6 LEI
uA
EIv M (PbL)x1 P x a1

EIv (Pb2L) x2 (P2) x a2 C1
EIv (Pb6L) x3 (P6) x a3 C1x C2
Note: x2 x2 and x3 x3
B.C.
B.C.
v(0) 0 EI(0) 0 0 0 C2 C2 0
v(L) 0
EI(0) PbL26 (P6) L a3 C1L
PbL26 (P6)(b3) C1L

PbL Pb3
Pb 2

(L b2 )
C1
6
6L
6L
Solution 9.12-5
Pb 2
(L b2 )
6L
EIv (Pb6L)(x) 3 (P6) x a3
L
1
FINAL EQUATIONS
D DOWNWARD DEFLECTION AT POINT D (x a)

EIv(a) (Pba6L)(a2 b2 L2) (P/6)(0)
(Pab6L)(L2 b2 a2)
D v(a)
Pab 2
Pa2b2
(L b2 a2 )
6 LEI
3 LEI
Simple beam
M0
FROM PROB: 9.11-5:

EIv q(x) (M0 L)x1 M0 x a2
B
x
1
(M0 L)x L
Note: x L1 0 and may be dropped from the equation.

EIv V (M0 L)x0 M0 x a1
v(0) 0
C2 0
EIv M (M0 L)x1 M0 x a0
B.C.
B.C.
EIv (M0 2L) x2 M0 x a1 C1

EIv (M0 6L) x3 (M0 2) x a2 C1x C2
b
L
EI(0) 0 0 0 C2
v(L) 0
EI(0) M0 L26 (M0 2) L a2 C1L
M0 L26 (M0 2)(L a)2 C1L
M0
C1 (2 L2 6 aL 3 a2 )
6L
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623
624
CHAPTER 9
FINAL EQUATIONS
EIv (M0 2L)x2 M0 x a1
EIv(a) (M0 6L)(a3) (M0 2)(0)

(M0 a6L)(2L2 6 aL 3a2)
(M0 6L)(2L2 6aL 3a2 )

(M0 6L)(3x2 6aL 3a2 2L2 ) M0 x a1
EIv (M0 6L)(x) (M0 2) x a
3
(M0 x 6L)(2L2 6aL 3a2 )

(M0 x 6L)(x2 6 aL 3a2 2L2 )
(M0 2) x a2
EIv(0) (M0 6L)(6 aL 3a2 2L2 ) (M0 2)(0)
Solution 9.12-6
y
M0 ab
(L 2a)
3L
M0 ab
D v(a)
(2a L)(downward)
3 LEI
EIv(0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 C2
C2 0
B.C.
B
x
FINAL EQUATIONS
EIv Px2 2 (P2) x a2
(P2) x L a2 (Pa2) (L a)
FROM PROB: 9.11-6:
(P2)(x2 aL a2 ) (P2) x a2
EIv q(x) P x1 P x a1

1
P x L a
Note: x L
equation.
M0 a
(L a)(2)(L 2a)
6L
Simple beam
P
1
M0
(6 aL 3a2 2L2)
6 LEI
(clockwise)
M0 a 2
(a 2L2 6 aL 3a2 )
6L
uA v(0)
1
P x L
0 and may be dropped from the
(P2) x L a2
EIv Px 3 6 (P 6) x a3
(P 6) x L a3 (3 Pax6)(L a)
(Px 6)(x2 3 aL 3 a2 ) (P 6) x a3
(P 6) x L a3

EIv V P x0 P x a0 P x L a0
EIv M P x1 P x a1 P x L a1
EIv (P 2) x2 (P 2) x a2
(P 2) x L a2 C1
(symmetry) EIv(L 2) 0
0 (P2)(L 2)2 (P2)(L 2 a)2 (P2)(0) C1
Pa
C1 (L a)
2
B.C.
EIv (P 2) x2 (P 2) x a2

(P 2) x L a2 (Pa 2)(L a)
EIv (P 6) x3 (P 6) x a3
(P 6)x L a3 (Pa 2)(L a) x C2

EIv(0) (Pa 2)(L a) (P 2)(0) (P 2)(0)
(Pa 2)(L a )
Pa
uA v(0)
(L a)(clockwise)
2EI
EIv(a) (Pa 6)(4a2 3aL) (P6)(0)
(P 6) L 2a3
(Pa 6)(4a2 3aL) (P6)(0)
(Pa 26)(4a 3L)
Pa2
D v(a)
(3L 4a) (downward)
6 EI
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SECTION 9.11
Problem 9.12-7 Determine the equation of the deflection curve for

the simple beam ADB shown in the figure. Also, obtain the angle of
rotation A at the left-hand support and the deflection D at point D.
Assume E 30 106 psi and I 720 in.4
Solution 9.12-7
Simple beam
B.C.
y
M0 = 20 k-ft
0 1.282(312) 3 120(312) 2 31203 C1 (312)

Note: 1203 (120) 3
0 22,071 103 C1(312) C1 70,740
P = 18 k
D
EIv (312) 0
B
x
FINAL EQUATIONS
16 ft
10 ft
EIv 1.282x3 120x2 3x 1923

70,740x
M0 20 k-ft 240 k-in.

P 18 k
a 16 ft 192 in.
b 10 ft 120 in.
L a b 312 in.
E 30 103 ksi
I 720 in.4
FROM PROB. 9.11-7:
(Note: x in., E ksi, I in.4, v rad,

v in.)
EIv 3.846x2 240x 9x 1922 70,740

EIv(0) 91922 70,740 70,740
70,740
70,740

EI
(30 103 )(720)
0.00327 rad (clockwise)
uA v(0)
Units: kips, inches
EIv q(x) 7.692 x1 240 x2

18 x 1921 10.308 x 3121
D DOWNWARD DEFLECTION AT POINT D (x 192)

equation.
EIv(192) 1.282(192)3 120(192)2 70,740(192)

8.932 106
D v(192)
EIv V 7.692 x0 240 x1 18 x 1920
0.414 in.
EIv M 7.692 x1 240 x0 18 x 1921

EIv (7.6922) x2 240 x1 (182) x 1922
C1
Note: x2 x2 and x1 x
EIv 3.846 x2 240 x 9x 1922 C1
EIv 1.282 x3 120 x2 3x 1923 C1x C2
B.C.
EIv (0) 0
0 0 0 0 C1(0) C2
C2 0
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8.932 106
8.932 106

EI
(30 103 )(720)
(downward)
625
626
CHAPTER 9
Problem 9.12-8, 9.12-9, and 9.12-10 Obtain the equation of the

deflection curve for the simple beam AB (see figure). Also, determine
the angle of rotation B at the right-hand support and the deflection D
at point D. (For the beam of Problem 9.12-10, assume E 200 GPa
and I 2.60 109 mm4.)
Solution 9.12-8
Simple beam
FINAL EQUATIONS
EIv (qax24L)(2L a) qx36 (q6)x a3

(qa224L)(2L a)2
EIv (qax312L)(2L a) qx424 (q24)x a4
(qa2x24L)(2 L a)2
qx[a2 (2L a) 2 2a(2L a)x2 L x3 ]24L
qx a424
q
D
B
x
a
L
B COUNTERCLOCKWISE
(x L)
FROM PROB. 9.11-8:

EIv q(x) (qa2L)(2L a)x1 qx0
qx a0 (qa22L)x L1

EIv V (qa2L)(2L a)x qx qx a
EIv M (qa2L)(2L a)x1 (q2)x2
(q2)x a2
EIv (qa4L)(2L a)x2 (q6)x3
(q6)x a3 C1
EIv (qa12L)(2L a)x3 (q24)x4
(q24)x a4 C1x C2
1
Note: x2 x2, x3 x3, and x4 x4

B.C.
EIv(0) 0
B.C.
After lengthy algebra,

EIv(L) (qa224L)(2L2 a2 )
qa2
uB v(L)
(2L2 a2 )
24 LEI
(counterclockwise)

EIv(a) qa[a2(2L a)2 2a3(2L a)
a3L]24L q(0)
(qa324L)[(2L a)2 2a(2L a) aL]
(qa324L)(4L2 7aL 3a2)
D v(a)
qa3
(4L2 7 aL 3a2 ) (downward)
24 LEI
0 0 0 (q24)(0)
C2 0
EIv(L) (qaL4)(2L a) qL36

(q6)(L a)3 (qa224L)(2 L a)2

equation
ROTATION AT SUPPORT
C1(0) C2
EIv(L) 0
0 (qaL212)(2L a) qL424 (q/24)(L a)4

C1L
After lengthy algebra,
qa2
(2L a) 2
C1
24 L
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SECTION 9.11
Solution 9.12-9
Simple beam
FINAL EQUATIONS
q0
y
D
627
B
x
L/3
L/3
L/3
EIv (q0 L 27)x2 (q0 8L)x L34

(q0 8L)x 2L34 (q0 6)x 2L33
47q0 L3/4860
EIv (q0 L81)x3 (q0 40 L)x L35
(q0 40 L)x 2L35 (q0 24)x 2L34
47q0 L3x/4860
FROM PROB. 9.11-9:

EIv q(x) (2q0 L27)x1
(3q0 L)x L31 (3q0 L) x 2L31
B COUNTERCLOCKWISE
(x L)
q0x 2L30
(5q0 L54)x L1
equation
EIv(L) q0 L327 (q0 8L)(2L3) 4
uB v(L)
EIv V (2q0 L27)x0 (3q0 2L)x L32

(3q0 2L)x 2L32 q0 x 2L31
Note: x0 1
D DOWNWARD DEFLECTION AT POINT D (x L/3)
EIv M (2 q0 L27)x (q0 2L)x L33

(q0 2L)x 2L33
(q0 2)x 2L32
EIv (q0 L27)x2 (q0 8L)x L34
(q0 8L)x 2L34
(q0 6)x 2L33 C1
EIv (0) 0
D v
0 0 0 0 0 C1(0) C2
EIv(L) 0
47q0 L4
C1L
4860
C1
(counterclockwise)
121q0 L4
L

3
43,740 EI
0 q0 L4 81 (q0 40L)(2L 3) 5 (q0 40L)(L 3) 5

(q0 24)(L 3) 4 C1L
0
101q0 L3
9720 EI
EIv(L/3) (q0 L81)(L/3)3 (q0 40L)(0)

(q0 40L)(0) (q0 24)(0)
47q0 L3(L/3)/4860
121q0 L443,740
C2 0
B.C.
(q0 8L)(L3)4 (q0 6)(L3)3

47q0 L34860
101q0 L39720
EIv (q0 L81)x3 (q0 40 L)x L35

(q0 40L)x 2L35 (q0 24)x 2L34
C1x C2
B.C.
ROTATION AT SUPPORT
47q0 L3
4860
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(downward)
628
CHAPTER 9
Solution 9.12-10
Simple beam
FINAL EQUATIONS
P = 120 kN
q = 20 kN/m
C
EIv 90 x2 (103)x3 (103)x 103

60 x 152 5625
B
x
10 m
5m
5m
q 20 kN/m
P 120 kN
L
10 m
2
L 20 m
E 200 GPa
I 2.60 103 m4
FROM PROB. 9.11-10:
B COUNTERCLOCKWISE ROTATION AT SUPPORT B

(x 20)
Eiv(20) 90(20) 2 (103)(20) 3 (103)(10) 3
60(5)2 5625
5541.67

equation
EIv V 180 x0 20 x1 20 x 101
120 x 150
0
Note: x 1 and x1 x
EIv M 180x 20(x22) (202) x 102
120 x 151
EIv 180(x22) 20(x36) (103)x 103
60 x 152 C1
EIv 30x3 (56)x4 (56)x 104 20 x 153
C 1x C 2
EIv (0) 0
5541.67
EI
5541.67

6
(200 10 kPa)(2.60 103 m)
0.01066 rad (counterclockwise)
uB v(20)
EIv g(x) 180 x1 20 x0 20 x 100

120 x 151 140 x 201
B.C.
EIv 30x3 (56)x4 (56)x 104 20x 153

5625x
(x meters, v meters, v radians,
E kilopascals, I meters4)

EIv(15) 30(15)3 (56)(15)4 (56)(5)4
20(0) 5625(15)
24,791.7
24,791.7
EI
24,791.7

6
(200 10 kPa)(2.60 103 m)
0.04768 m 47.68 mm (downward)
D v(15)
0 0 0 0 0 C1(0) C2
C2 0
B.C.
EIv(20) 0
0 30(20)3 (5/6)(20)4 (5/6)(10)4

20(5)3 C1(20)
0 112,500 20C1 C1 5625
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SECTION 9.11
Problem 9.12-11 A beam ACBD with simple supports at A and B

and an overhang BD is shown in the figure. (a) Obtain the equation
of the deflection curve for the beam. (b) Calculate the deflections C
and D at points C and D, respectively. (Assume E 30 106 psi
and I 280 in.4)
Solution 9.12-11

FINAL EQUATIONS
P=8k
M0 = 12 k-ft
B
D
x
C
6 ft
6 ft
6 ft
M0 144 k-in.
L
72 in.
2
L LAB 144 in.
3L
216 in.
2
E 30 103 ksi
I 280 in.4
EIv 3x22 144 x 721 (112)x 1442

12,960
EIv x32 72x 722 (116)x 1443
12,960 x
(x in., v in., v rad, E 30 103 ksi,
I 280 in.4)
C UPWARD DEFLECTION AT POINT C (x 72)
EIv(15) (72)32 72(0) (116)(0)
12,960(72)
746,496
746,496
746,496

EI
(30 103 )(280)
0.08887 in. (upward)
C v(15)
FROM PROB. 9.11-11:
Units: kips, inches
EIv q(x) 3 x1 144 x 722

11x 1441 8 x 2161
equation.

EIv(216) (216)32 72(144)2 (116)(72)3
12,960(216)
3,048,192
3,048,192
3,048,192

EI
(30 103 )(280)
0.3629 in. (downward)
D v(216)
EIv V 3x0 144x 721 11x 1440
EIv M 3x1 144x 720 11x 1441
EIv (32)x2 144x 721 (112)x 1442
C1
EIv (12)x3 (1442)x 722
(116)x 1443 C1x C2
B.C.
EIv(0) 0
0 0 0 0 C1(0) C2
C2 0
B.C.
EIv(144) 0
0 (12)(144)3 (72)(72)2
0 1,866,240 144 C1
C1 12,960
(116)(0) C1(144)
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629
630
CHAPTER 9
Problem 9.12-12 The overhanging beam ACBD shown in the figure

is simply supported at A and B. Obtain the equation of the deflection
curve and the deflections C and D at points C and D, respectively.
(Assume E 200 GPa and I 15 106 mm4.)
Solution 9.12-12

B.C.
q = 12 kN/m
C
D
x
B
1.2 m
1.2 m
EIv(2.4) 0
0 0.4(2.4)3 (1/12)(1.2)5 (1/12)(0) 4(0)

2.4 C1
0 5.73696 2.4 C1
C1 2.3904
1.2 m
FINAL EQUATION
q 12 knm
L
1.2 m
2
L LAB 2.4 m
E 200 GPa
I 15 106 mm4
FROM PROB. 9.11-12:
EIv 1.2x2 (512) x 1.24 (512) x 2.44

12 x 2.42 2.3904
EIv 0.4x3 (112) x 1.25 (112) x 2.45
4 x 2.43 2.3904x
Units: kilometers, meters
EIv q(x) 2.4 x1 10x 1.21

10 x 2.41
24 x 2.41 12 x 3.60
Note: x 3.60 0
the equation.
and may be dropped from
(x meters, v meters, v radians,

E 200 106 kPa, I 15 106 m4)
C UPWARD DEFLECTION AT POINT C (x 1.2)
EIv(1.2) 0.4(1.2) 3 (112) (0) (112) (0)
4 (0) 2.3904 (1.2) 2.17728
C v(1.2)
2.17728
2.17728

EI
(200 106 )(15 106 )
0.00072576 m 0.7258 mm (upward)

EIv v 2.4 x0 (102) x 1.22
(102) x 2.42 24x 2.420
EIv M 2.4 x (53) x 1.23
(53) x 2.43 24 x 2.4
Note: x x
EIv 1.2x2 (512) x 1.24 (512) x 2.44
D DOWNWARD DEFLECTION AT POINT D (x 3.6)

EIv(3.6) 0.4(3.6) 3 (112) (2.4) 5
(1/12) (1.2)5
4 (1.2)3 2.3904 (3.6)
9.57312
9.57312
9.57312

EI
(200 106 )(15 106 )
0.00319104 m 3.191 mm (downward)
D v(3.6)
12 x 2.42 C1
EIv 0.4x3 (112) x 1.25 (112) x 2.45
4 x 2.43 C1x C2
B.C.
EIv(0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 C1(0) C2
C2 0
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SECTION 9.11
631
Temperature Effects
The beams described in the problems for Section 9.13 have constant
flexural rigidity EI. In every problem, the temperature varies linearly
between the top and bottom of the beam.
Problem 9.13-1 A simple beam AB of length L and height h undergoes
a temperature change such that the bottom of the beam is at temperature
T2 and the top of the beam is at temperature T1 (see figure).
y
h
T1
B
x
T2
Determine the equation of the deflection curve of the beam, the

angle of rotation A at the left-hand support, and the deflection max at
the midpoint.
Solution 9.13-1
Simple beam with temperature differential

d 2v (T2 T1 )
B.C. 2 V(0) 0
C2 0
Eq. (9-147): v 2
h
dx
(T2 T1 )(x)(L x)
v
dv (T2 T1 )x
2h
v
C1
dx
h
(positive v is upward deflection)
(T2 T1 )(L 2x)
v
L
2h
B.C. 1 (Symmetry) v 0
2
L(T2 T1 )
L(T2 T1 )
uA v(0)
C1
2h
2h
(positive A is clockwise rotation)
(T2 T1 )x2 L(T2 T1 )x

C2
v
L2 (T2 T1 )
L
2h
2h
max v
2
8h
(positive max is downward deflection)
Problem 9.13-2 A cantilever beam AB of length L and height h (see figure)
is subjected to a temperature change such that the temperature at the top is T1
and at the bottom is T2.
Determine the equation of the deflection curve of the beam, the angle
of rotation B at end B, and the deflection B at end B.
y
A
T1
T2
L
Solution 9.13-2
Cantilever beam with temperature differential

d 2v (T2 T1 )
B.C. 2 v(0) 0
C2 0
Eq. (9-147): v 2
h
dx
(T2 T1 )x2
v
dv (T2 T1 )
2h
v
x C1
dx
h
B.C.
1 v(0) 0
v
C1 0
(T2 T1 )
x
h
(T2 T1 ) x2
C2
v
h
2
L(T2 T1 )
h
(positive B is counterclockwise rotation)
uB v(L)
L2 (T2 T1 )
2h
(positive B is upward deflection)
B v(L)
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B
x
632
CHAPTER 9
Problem 9.13-3 An overhanging beam ABC of height h is heated to a

temperature T1 on the top and T2 on the bottom (see figure).
Determine the equation of the deflection curve of the beam, the angle
of rotation C at end C, and the deflection C at end C.
T1
T1
T2
T2
C
x
Solution 9.13-3
Overhanging beam with temperature differential

(T2 T1 ) 2
d 2v (T2 T1 )
v
(x Lx)
Eq. (9-147): v 2
2h
h
dx
(This equation is valid for the entire length of the
beam.)
(T2 T1 )
v
(2x L)
(T2 T1 )x
2h
v
C1
h
(T2 T1 )
uC v(L a)
(L 2a)
(T2 T1 )x2
2h
C1x C2
v
(positive C is counterclockwise rotation)
2h
B.C.
1 v(0) 0
B.C.
2 v(L) 0
C1
(T2 T1 ) (L a) (a)
2h
(positive C is upward deflection)
C v(L a)
C2 0
(T2 T1 )L
2h
Problem 9.13-4 A simple beam AB of length L and height h (see figure)

is heated in such a manner that the temperature difference T2 T1
between the bottom and top of the beam is proportional to the distance
from support A; that is,
x
L
in which T0 is a constant having units of temperature (degrees) per unit

distance.
Determine the maximum deflection max of the beam.
Solution 9.13-4
Simple beam with temperature differential proportional to distance x

T0 2
T2 T1 T0 x
v
(L 3x2 )
6h
2
d v (T2 T1 ) T0 x
Eq. (9-147): v 2

(positive v is upward to the right)
h
h
dx
dv T0 x2

C1
dx
2h
MAXIMUM DEFLECTION
Set v 0 and solve for x.
L
x1
L2 3x 2 0
3
T0 x3
v
C1x C2
6h
B.C.
B.C.
1 v (0) 0
2 v (L) 0
C2 0
C1
T0 L2
6h
T0 x 2
v
(L x2 )
6h
vmax v(x1 )
max vmax
T0 L3
93h
T0 L3
93h
(positive max is downward)
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B
x
T2
T2 T1 T0 x
v
T1

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SECTION 9.

Representation of Loads on Beams by Discontinuity Functions

Representation of Loads on Beams by Discontinuity Functions

USE TABLE 9-2.

q(x) RA x1 MA x2 P x a1

P x1 Pa x2 Px a1

USE TABLE 9-2.

q(x) RA x

USE TABLE 9-2.

Units: kips, inches

q(x) RA x MA x2 q x0 q x a0

(Units: x in., q kin.)

USE TABLE 9-2.

q(x) RA x1 P x a1 RB x L1

Representation of Loads on Beams by Discontinuity Functions

USE TABLE 9-2.

q(x) RA x1 M0 x a2 RB x L1

USE TABLE 9-2.

q(x) RA x

FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA 7.692 k

USE TABLE 9-2.

7.692 x1 240 x2 18 x 1921

10.308 x 312 1

USE TABLE 9-2.

(qa2L)(2L a) x1 q x0

Representation of Loads on Beams by Discontinuity Functions

q(x) RA x1

USE TABLE 9-2.

(2q0 L 27) x1 (3q0 L) x L 31

(3q0 L) x 2L 31 q0 x 2L 30

FROM EQUILIBRIUM: RA 180 kN

USE TABLE 9-2.

120 x 15 140 x 20

180 x1 20 x0 20 x 100

Beam with an overhang

USE TABLE 9-2.

Units: kips, inches

q(x) RA x1 M0 x L 22 RB x L1

M0 12 k-ft 144 k-in.

Beam with an overhang

USE TABLE 9-2.

Units: kilonewtons, meters

2.4 x1 10 x 1.21 10 x 2.41

Beam Deflections Using Discontinuity Functions

Beam Deflections Using Discontinuity Functions

EIv (Px 26)(x 3a) (P6) x a3

B CLOCKWISE ROTATION AT END B (x L)

FROM PROB: 9.11-1:

INTEGRATE THE EQUATION

EIv(L) (PL2)(L 2a) (P2) L a2

EIv V P x0 Pa x1 P x a0

EIv q(x) P x1 Pa x2 P x a1

EIv M P x1 Pa x0 P x a1

B DOWNLOAD DEFLECTION AT END B (x L)

Note: x1 x and x0 1

EIv(L) (PL26)(L 3a) (P6) L a3

EIv Px 22 Pax (P2) x a2 C1

INTEGRATE THE EQUATION

EIv V qb x0 (qb2)(2a b) x1 q x a1

EIv qbx22 (qb2)(2a b)x (q6) x a3 C1

FROM PROB: 9.11-2:

EIv q(x) qb x

EI (10 103 ksi)(450 in.4) 4.5 106 k-in.2