2 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Contents Introduction Introduction 4 Installation 5 Thanks & Credits 5 Support information 6 Copyright information 6
Package information RealGauge technology & the 2D Panel 7 Paint variants 7 Model variants 8 Paint variant images 9 Extras 10 FSX Camera views 11 Operations Aircraft general arrangement 14 Information & specifications 17 Cockpit general arrangement 18 Forward-left panel 19 Forward-right panel 20 Main switch panel 22 Left wall 23 Rear cockpit 24 Individual gauge diagrams 25 Digital gauge pop-ups 30 Avionics Miniflo-L fuel computer 31 Bendix/King KFC225 Autopilot 32 Bendix/King KX155A TSO Nav/Comm. 34 Bendix/King KT67A Transponder 35 Bendix/King KN52A TSO DME 36 O-235 Powered aircraft references 37 3 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual O-320 Powered aircraft references 42 O-235 Powered aircraft checklists 47 O-320 Powered aircraft checklists 52
4 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Notes on sim limitations & odd features Whilst the Long-EZ has been made to take full advantage of every current technology available to the sim, we at AlphaSim have still had to contend with the hard coded limitations of the sim engine. The product also features a few odd animations, which are completely true to life. We thought we ought to list them here, to save customers getting confused. Odd features: Whilst the Long-EZ has a ventral mounted spoiler, the brakes can also be depressed in order to deflect both rudders outwards. With the parking brake on, both rudders will deflect automatically. At first it may appear so, but the canard-mounted elevator is NOT actually animated incorrectly. Due to the elevator being in front of the centre of gravity, the directions in which the surface should move are reversed. Limitations in FS9: The GPS arm cannot be extended or retracted due to parts inheriting the functions of their parents. This meant that if we made the arm clickable, ALL GPS buttons acted as an extension of the arm. Instead of having a moveable arm and no functions, we decided to cut the animation, and keep the full functionality of the GPS. The cockpit & 2D camera will not move with the aircraft when knelt. The NAV/GS needles on the VOR gauge are subject to draw issues. Different graphics cards will handle this issue in different ways. Some testers reported that the needles were drawn over the fascia, instead of behind it. This appears to be a hard-coded issue to do with the way FS9 draws cockpit gauges. Limitations in FSX: The cockpit & 2D camera will not move with the aircraft when knelt. Lights can appear to differ in position when viewed from different viewpoints, such as the tower view. This is a known FSX issue, and not an issue with the model.
5 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Introduction Introduction The Rutan 61 Long-EZ is AlphaSims debut Civilian release. The Long-EZ features some of our most advanced technology yet, including a full avionics suite, our new RealGauge technology, and an aurally stunning sound set by Turbine Sound Studios. The package aims to depict a number of Long-EZ over the long life of the aircraft, featuring old style airframes right through to the latest O-320 powered hot-rods. The product contains versions for both Flight Simulator 9 and Flight Simulator X. The FSX version is a full- featured FSX release, including all of our now standard technologies such as cockpit self shadowing, HDR bloom effects, and bump mapping. 6 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Installation An easy installation is provided by way of installer. Simply double click the installer exe file, and follow the on screen prompts. The Rutan will be installed to the default FSX or FS9 directory. Extras will be installed into the root FS directory/AlphaSim. A start menu entry will also be made, containing links to the paint kit, help and support, and an uninstaller should you ever wish to remove the product. Please see the Package section for more details on what is included in this package. Thanks & credits AlphaSim would like to thank the following people for their help with this project: William kiwikat Mayr Tyler ufofreek Hatzenbuhler .. And real-world Long-EZ pilots Allen Mutt Crowder & Steve Austin. Without the involvement of the above people, this project would not have been possible!
The visual model, textures, cockpit and flight model were created by AlphaSim. The sounds were expertly crafted by Turbine Sound Studios.
7 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Support information Product support is available 24/7 by either email or internet. For email support, please email alphasim1@alphasim.co.uk For internet support, please visit the AlphaSim forums at http://www.alphasim3.com/forums .
Copyright information These files are a commercial product and should NOT be treated as freeware. These files may not be copied (other than for backup purposes), transmitted or passed to third parties or altered in any way without the prior permission of the publisher. Any breach of the aforementioned copyright will result in the full force of law being brought to bear on those responsible. The source code for this product is closed. No modifications or reverse engineering may be carried out without prior consent from ALPHASIM.
All rights reserved copyright AlphaSim Ltd 2008 HTTP://WWW.ALPHASIM.CO.UK
alphasim1@alphasim.co.uk 8 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Package Information
RealGauge Technology & the 2D panel RealGauge is AlphaSims own version of the little used, but very impressive 3D gauge technology. Each gauge is crafted in 3D and uses high resolution textures in order to create a level of immersion not possible with conventional 2D gauges. RealGauge creates very little overhead in the sim, allowing both your processor and graphics card to concentrate on proving a totally fluid sim experience. FPS with RealGauge technology is often higher than with less detailed conventional 2d cockpits. Due to the complexity of the RealGauge technology, and the guaranteed frame rate increase, this product is designed to be completely flown from the Virtual Cockpit. A basic 2D panel is included with GPS and avionics stack pop-ups. Paint and model variants In total there are SIX different model variants, TEN paint schemes, and THREE different flight models included in the Long-EZ package. The models and paints are documented below. Model variants: Lycoming O-235 powered versions - Small rudders, straight canard, 2 bladed prop - Small rudders, straight canard, 2 bladed prop & transit pods - Large rudders, wing strakes, tapered canard, 2 bladed prop - Large rudders, wing strakes, tapered canard, 2 bladed prop & transit pods Lycoming O-320 powered versions - Small rudders, straight canard, 3 bladed prop, racing spinner, racing pants - Large rudders, straight canard, 3 bladed prop, racing spinner, racing pants 9 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Paint variants O-235 powered aircraft - HB-YCG - N76AB - N701DS o This is the personal aircraft of Allen Mutt Crowder, one of the instrumental people involved with this project - N977JT - N7999H - N146SP o This was the personal aircraft of Steve Austin, another key person involved in the Long-EZ project - SE-XRS O-320 powered aircraft - G-WILY - N27PM - N38JD 10 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
11 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
Extras The Long EZ comes with a number of extras, all of which are installed by default to: %your sim directory%\AlphaSim\
Extras include: - An easy to use paint kit in PSD (Photoshop) format - Two videos demonstrating landing practice for the Long-EZ - Graphs, references, and checklists based upon the real-world Long EZ operating procedures. 12 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual FSX camera views Camera views are unique to the FSX version of this product. They allow the virtual pilot to move the viewpoint into a number of unique and helpful viewpoints. To change camera mode, use the S key. To change cameras, use the A key. Alternatively, clicking the main Flight Simulator window will bring up a quick and easy to use menu system. Exterior Cameras Camera 1 Right wing
Camera 2 Left wing
Camera 3 Rear view
13 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Interior Cameras Camera 1 Virtual cockpit
Camera 2 Rear cockpit
Camera 3 Switch panel
Camera 4 Avionics stack
14 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
Camera 5 Left fuel tank gauge
Camera 6 Right fuel tank gauge
Camera 7 RealGauge
Basic 2D Panel
15 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Operations Aircraft general arrangement The small-rudder O-235 powered Long EZ (early generation aircraft)
Notable differences include: Small rudder Larger wheel pants Two-bladed prop Short spinner Straight-edged canards
16 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
The large-rudder O-235 powered Long EZ (late generation/ current aircraft)
Notable differences include: Large rudder Larger wheel pants Two-bladed prop Short spinner Tapered canards Wing leading-edge strakes
18 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Aircraft information and specifications The Rutan model 61 Long-EZ is a small, lightweight, home-build aeroplane designed by Burt Rutans Rutan Aircraft Factory. The prototype Long-EZ first flew on June 12 th , 1979. The Long-EZ is a two place, tandem seat, Experimental class aircraft. Unique features include composite construction, a nose mounted canard for pitch control, and a mid-wing high aspect ratio Eppler swept airfoil with wing-tip mounted winglets. The aeroplane also features tricycle landing gear (with a retractable nose wheel) and a landing airbrake. Propulsion is provided by a rear-mounted Lycoming O-235 or O-320 engine. Specifications (Taken from the O-235 reference card) Wing span: 26.1ft Total wing area: 94.8ft 2 Length: 5.12m Height: 2.4m Fuel capacity: 50 U.S. gal (200L) Maximum range: 1200 nautical miles (2222 km) Typical empty weight: 760lbs MTOW: 1307lbs Never exceed speed: 190KIAS General stall speed: 60KIAS Cruise speed: 160KIAS 19 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Cockpit general arrangement Below are several diagrams designed to aid in cockpit familiarisation. Whilst the exterior aeroplane may differ in configuration, the cockpit is uniform throughout. All systems that are labelled may be operated by clicking them with your mouse. Please read the descriptions carefully in order to fully understand what each switch, button, or lever, does. 20 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Forward cockpit Forward-left panel
Key 1) RPM gauge 2) Throttle quadrant a) Carburettor heat lever b) Throttle lever c) Mixture lever 3) Speed brake switch 4) HSI 5) IVSI 6) Altitude gauge 7) Artificial horizon 8) Lift/ kneel toggle switch 9) Hobbs meter 21 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Forward-right panel
Key 1) Gear/ canopy warning light a) This will illuminate if the canopy is open, or the landing gear is down. The visual identification window below the main panel allows you to see the position of the landing gear. 2) Miniflo-L fuel computer a) Please see the Miniflo-L section for more details 3) Autopilot track switch a) Toggles between NAV and GPS follow modes 4) Panel lights dimmer switch a) Toggles the panel lights 5) Air Speed Indicator 6) VOR1 display 7) Turn & Slip indicator 8) Avionics stack 22 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual a) Bendix/ King KFC225 Autopilot b) Bendix/ King KX155A NAV/COMM radio unit c) Bendix/ King KT67A Transponder d) Bendix/ King KN52A DME unit 9) Digital EGT/ CHT gauge 10) Low oil pressure light 11) N-number identification placard a) Dynamically changes based upon the current selected aircrafts N-number 12) Suction gauge 13) Analogue fuel flow gauge 14) Oil pressure gauge 23 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Main switch panel
Key 1) Landing light switch 2) Navigation lights switch 3) Pitot heat switch 4) Master battery switch 5) Master avionics switch 6) Backup fuel pump switch 7) Magneto/ starter system a) Magnetos OFF b) Magnetos LEFT c) Magnetos RIGHT d) Magnetos BOTH e) Engine start 8) Push-to-talk switch (toggles ATC window) 24 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Left-wall
Key 1) Elevator trim control 2) Map reference board (click to toggle map display) 25 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Rear cockpit
Key 1) Left fuel tank contents gauge 2) Right fuel tank contents gauge 3) Canopy latch (clicking this will open/close the canopy) 26 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Individual gauge diagrams
Altitude indicator Altitude measured in feet Pressure (mb) on left Pressure (inHG) on right Kohlsman knob on lower left
Airspeed indicator Speed measured in knots (outer) Speed measured in mph (inner)
Attitude indicator Wing calibration knob in centre Wings cannot be calibrated in FS9. 27 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
EGT, CHT, Ammeter Engine temp gauge in degrees Fahrenheit Cylinder heat temp in degrees Fahrenheit Ammeter measured in Amps
Typical fuel gauge Individual tank capacity measured in Gallons
Hobbs meter Measures the time the engine has been running, in hours and tenths 28 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
HSI Autopilot heading knob on right Gyro drift knob on left
IVSI Vertical speed measured in 100 feet per minute
Suction, Fuel flow, Oil pressure Fuel flow in gallons per hour
29 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
Tachometer Shows the engine RPM state (x100)
Turn & slip indicator
VOR1 indicator Outer ring controlled by OBS knob Yellow triangles show to/from
30 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
GPS unit To operate, use the left mouse button on the GPS arm to drag it outwards. Right mouse button & dragging retracts the arm. The mouse wheel can be used for both functions.
To power the GPS up, click the antenna To display the GPS 2d pop-up, click the unit behind the fascia area In FS9, the GPS unit arm is always extended. It cannot be retracted.
31 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Digital-readout pop ups The altimeter, ASI, HSI, IVSI, RPM and Vor1 gauge are all fitted with a digital readout pop-up utility. Click the areas highlighted in the following image in order to toggle the display.
32 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Avionics Miniflo-L fuel computer The Miniflo-L fuel computer is located on the top right of the panel. The Miniflo has four modes of operation, all of which are detailed below. Fuel flow, pph, is ALWAYS shown on the left screen.
Mode 1, standard
Mode 1 displays fuel remaining, in lbs. Modes 1 and 2 can be toggled using the LB Rem/ LB used button.
Mode 2, fuel used
Mode 2 displays fuel used, in lbs. Modes 1 and 2 can be toggled using the LB Rem/ LB used button.
Mode 3, endurance
Mode 3 displays aircraft endurance at the current fuel flow rate, in hours: minutes. Modes 3 and 4 can be toggled using the selector knob.
Mode 4, fuel economy
Mode 4 displays fuel economy, in NM per 10lbs. Modes 3 and 4 can be toggled using the selector knob.
33 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual KFC225 Autopilot The KFC225 Autopilot is located at the top of the avionics stack. The AP has seven modes of operation, all of which are detailed below. Mode 1, AP off
Mode 1, AP on The AP can be turned on by pressing the AP button. By default, the AP light is lit, and the selected altitude is displayed, along with the FT label. ROL and current altitude hold are also enabled when on.
Mode 2, ALT hold mode Altitude hold can be turned on by pressing the ALT button. Altitude is selected using the knob on the right of the unit. For VS operation, see the VS description.
34 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
Mode 3, HDG hold mode Heading hold mode can be selected by pressing HDG. Heading is set using the knob on the HSI.
Mode 4, NAV hold mode Nav hold mode can be selected by pressing the NAV button. NAV/GPS mode can be toggled using the switch on the panel.
Mode 5, Wing leveller mode Wing leveller can be toggled by pressing the ROL button.
Mode 6, Vertical speed select/display mode Vertical speed can be displayed by clicking the VS button. VS is set using the up/down buttons. 35 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
36 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual KX155 TSO Nav/ Comm. The KX155 TSO Nav/ Comm. unit is located second in the avionics stack. The unit has two main modes of operation, all of which are detailed below. Mode 1, Power off The unit can be powered on or off using the power switch on the left of the fascia.
Mode 2, Power on Frequencies can be selected using the relevant knobs. Frequencies can be switched using the <-> button. Stand-by frequencies are displayed on the right of each section, and current on the left.
37 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual KT67A Transponder The KT67A Transponder unit is located third in the avionics stack. The unit has two main modes of operation, all of which are detailed below. Mode 1, Power off Power can be toggled using the knob on the left of the unit.
Mode 2, Power on/ Ident The transponder code can be set using the relevant knobs.
38 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual KN52A TSO DME The KN52A TSO DME unit is located fourth in the avionics stack. The unit has four main modes of operation, all of which are detailed below. Mode 1, Power off The DME unit can be powered on or off using the slider switch. The switch above can be dragged to select the mode of operation.
Mode 2, RMT When set to RMT [Remote], the DME unit uses the NAV1 active frequency to display Nautical miles, current speed, and minutes to source.
Mode 3, FREQ When set to FREQ, the DME can be set to track a NAV2 frequency, set using the knob on the right.
Mode 4, GS/T When set to GS/T, the DME unit uses the NAV2 active frequency to display Nautical miles, current speed, and minutes to source. 39 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
40 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual References O-235 powered aircraft ALPHASIM RUTAN LONG EZ 0-235 REFERENCE INFORMATION For standard procedures, see the Checklists tab. Total Flight Simulator aircraft weight with full fuel 1307 lbs Maximum normal takeoff weight 1325 lbs Maximum special takeoff weight 1425 lbs
NOTE: To adjust fuel load, on the Aircraft menu, click Fuel and Load.
DO NOT DELETE the engine payload; this plane has been created with the engine as an active part of the weight and balance dynamics.
VNE - Never Exceed Speed 190 KIAS VS - Stalling Speed (max weight, airbrake in) 61 KIAS VSO - Stalling Speed in Landing Configuration 60 KIAS VX - Best Angle-of-Climb Speed (sea level) 70 KIAS VY - Best Rate-of-Climb Speed (sea level) 90 KIAS Best Glide Speed 75 KIAS Maximum crosswind, takeoff 15 knots Maximum crosswind, landing 20 knots Maximum Speed brake and Landing Gear Placard Speeds KIAS Speed brake 90 Nose Gear 120 NOTE: For explanations of speeds used on this tab, see "V-speeds" in the Learning Center Glossary. AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES FIRST FLIGHT Before your first flight in the Long EZ, you should be aware of some important points where the Long EZ differs from sluggish training aircraft such as a Cessna 150 or Piper Cub. First, the aircraft is much cleaner and will accelerate and develop speed with amazing rapidity if you are not prepared for it. Everything happens MUCH faster in a Long EZ. Be ready. 41 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Second, the novice Long EZ pilot will by force of habit expect the Long EZ to handle like the sluggish conventional trainers he or she last flew. This always leads to pitch over-controlling. The experienced pilot will know of this in advance and adapt quickly. Practice controlling pitch at a fast taxi in order to get the feel of the side stick control. Never exceed the attitude where the canard is above the horizon, and even better, keep it a couple of degrees below, when taking off. In short, do NOT horse the plane around or ham-hand the stick. The plane will be all over the sky and you will be very frustrated. This flight model is extremely accurate and will reward the patient pilot who takes the time to learn to fly it. TAKEOFF Set the trim control for a substantial amount of nose-up trim to allow for adequate canard control. Use full back stick at 40 knots, and lift the nose as soon as possible thereafter to the point where the canard is level with the horizon. NEVER exceed this attitude on takeoff. Allow the plane to fly itself off the runway and raise the nose wheel as soon as a positive rate of climb is achieved. Takeoff distance for this aircraft at 1324 pounds is 990 feet to liftoff at a speed of 70 KIAS. The aircraft is normally limited to a gross weight of 1325 pounds for all takeoff operations, but can be operated at a takeoff weight of up to 1425 pounds provided sufficient runway length is available, weight and balance information is checked, and the landing is expected to be after sufficient fuel is consumed to reduce the weight to 1325 pounds or less. CLIMB Climb at 90 KIAS. Adjust trim as required. Adjust mixture as required if not set to auto mixture. Climb at 110 KIAS for better visibility, engine cooling, and to extend the distance traveled during the climb. Climb Performance Chart Elapsed Time Distance, NM Rate of Climb, fpm Altitude, MSL KIAS -- -- 1116 500 89 1:53 3 1072 2000 90 5:06 9 807 5000 90 13:42 24 431 10000 90 23:24 47 265 14000 90 TRIM The Long EZ is designed to be able to be trimmed for hands-off flight between about 80-150 KIAS when the center of gravity is in the normal range. The plane is designed so that it wants to be trimmed for a particular airspeed, rather than a specific attitude, which is a very desirable trait in this kind of plane. If you have the plane trimmed for 90 KIAS, for example, as during the climb, and you reduce power, the nose will fall until the plane attains a speed of 90 KIAS, and it will stabilize at this speed in a new attitude. Likewise with cruise; you can trim the Long EZ to fly stick-free at a specified speed. Reducing or increase power will cause the aircraft to seek the attitude where the trimmed airspeed is regained. Thus, adding power will cause the plane to climb, and reducing power will cause it to descend, if the trim control is not adjusted. The trim characteristics of this plane in the roll axis are the opposite of what would be expected in a tractor aircraft; as more power is applied, you will need to add trim to bring the left wing down. On takeoff, the LEFT rudder will need to be applied to keep the aircraft rolling straight, although this is quite mild. This is, of course, because the torque and P-factor effects on the Long EZ are the opposite of a normal, tractor airplane. The plane will seem quite sensitive to trim for pilots not used to this type of light, responsive plane, and must be flown with one hand constantly on the trim if the airspeeds and power are varying, as during maneuvering. This is not difficult and becomes second-nature rather quickly. 42 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual When the nose gear and speed brake are deployed, very desirable nose-up trim results. This reduces the amount of pitch trim needed to maintain a stick-free approach. Observe placard limitations for extension of the brake and gear. MANEUVERING The Long EZ is a very agile aircraft but exhibits excellent stability about all three axes. The maximum roll rate is about 60 degrees per second. Pitch control is excellent but not overly sensitive, but will seem so to pilots transitioning to this type of aircraft. In time this sensation will go away and the Long EZs superb agility and control characteristics will seem natural, and more traditional aircraft will begin to feel like sluggish and truck-like. SPEED AND PERFORMANCE The Long EZ is a very clean airplane with a very low base drag value. It accelerates very quickly and decelerates slowly. This makes it quite responsive to power and pitch changes, and also requires more planning when maneuvering, especially for final approach and landing. The landing rollout for this plane will be substantially longer than for similar, conventional planes. CRUISE The Long EZ has astonishing range due to its large fuel capacity, clean aerodynamic design, and low fuel consumption. Cruise fuel flows will range from 2.5 to 7 gallons per hour. The gas mileage is far better than most of the automobiles in operation today, including many of the so-called green hybrid autos. Review the following charts for actual, in-game aircraft performance. These charts are identical to the ones for the real aircraft. A good cruise configuration is at 8,000 feet and full throttle. Pay close attention to your propeller RPM so as not to exceed the maximum of 2800. Some overrun is acceptable, up to 100-200 RPM at cruising altitudes where power is limited by the pressure altitude. LANDING Landing the aircraft is much the same as with any small training plane, with some exceptions. Because the aircraft is so clean, it takes much longer to slow down. The speed brake is provided to assist with this. Also, the absence of landing flaps will cause the approach to be shallower and the approach speed will be necessarily faster than a conventional aircraft of similar weight with landing flaps, such as a C152. The landing roll can be doubled if the touchdown speed is increased by as little as 10-15 knots, so speed management is critical. Until you are completely familiar with the aircraft, give yourself plenty of room and avoid the temptation to fly a tight pattern. Because there is neither stall warning nor landing flaps, its recommended to land a bit faster than you normally would at first to avoid stalling the aircraft above the runway and suffering a sharp bump due the sudden sink rate. The winglets and lack of flaps reduce ground effect substantially, so when the plane stalls, it sinks rapidly. So use a longer runway when transitioning to this plane and give yourself plenty of extra room. A normal pattern speed is 75-80 KIAS, with final approach at about 65-70 KIAS and touchdown at 55-60 KIAS, depending on aircraft weight. As with any tricycle gear, hold the nose off and brake as lightly as possible. STALLS The stall in the Long EZ is exceptionally benign. There is no tendency to roll off or spin; the plane simply mushes along in level flight. Roll control remains good even in the stall. In fact, you cannot even really term a stall in the Long EZ a traditional stall as the plane provides none of the normal warning signs or bad behavior associated with a conventional training plane. You can hold the stick full back and still retain good rudder and aileron authority, and the plane will not respond adversely to any power change, whether it be full throttle or a cut to idle. The plane has no tendency to spin and is in fact nearly impossible to spin even when the attempt is made. The plane will rotate when stalled, but this cannot really be called a spin as it remains in full control of the pilot and can be restored to a normal flying attitude immediately. ACROBATICS 43 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual No acrobatic maneuvers are allowed except the following: Chandelles Lazy Eights Steep Turns The entry speed for the above maneuvers is 130 KIAS. Stalls: decelerate slowly Accelerated Stalls: enter at 110 KIAS The abrupt use of the controls is prohibited at indicated airspeeds above 120 knots. Intentional spins are prohibited. STEERING This flight model has been equipped with nose wheel steering, to make the job of taxiing easier for those without rudder pedals and differential brakes. To set up your Long EZ to have a fully-castoring nose wheel and differential brake steering, as the real one, open your aircraft.cfg file and find the [contact_points] section. The first contact point, point.0, is the nose gear. There are two entries for the first point. The first entry has been remarked out with the // characters. Delete these two characters and place them in front of the second entry. This will enable the fully- swiveling nose wheel and differential-brake taxiing. Be sure to back up any files before attempting to modify them. FLIGHT PERFORMANCE CHARTS The following charts are the measured, in-game, real-time performance of the AlphaSim Long EZ. The performance is a mirror-image of the charts in the pilots manual for the actual aircraft. The aircraft equipped with external pods will have slightly less performance due to a bit more drag. Long EZ, O-235 Engine, Climb Propeller, mixture set to best power 44 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
45 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual References O-320 powered aircraft ALPHASIM RUTAN LONG EZ 0-320 REFERENCE INFORMATION For standard procedures, see the Checklists tab. Total Flight Simulator aircraft weight with full fuel 1325 lbs Maximum normal takeoff weight 1325 lbs Maximum special takeoff weight 1425 lbs
NOTE: To adjust fuel load, on the Aircraft menu, click Fuel and Load.
DO NOT DELETE the engine payload; this plane has been created with the engine as an active part of the weight and balance dynamics.
VNE - Never Exceed Speed 190 KIAS VS - Stalling Speed (max weight, airbrake in) 61 KIAS VSO - Stalling Speed in Landing Configuration 60 KIAS VX - Best Angle-of-Climb Speed (sea level) 70 KIAS VY - Best Rate-of-Climb Speed (sea level) 90 KIAS Best Glide Speed 75 KIAS Maximum crosswind, takeoff 15 knots Maximum crosswind, landing 20 knots Maximum Speed brake and Landing Gear Placard Speeds KIAS Speed brake 90 Nose Gear 120 NOTE: For explanations of speeds used on this tab, see "V-speeds" in the Learning Center Glossary. AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES FIRST FLIGHT Before your first flight in the Long EZ, you should be aware of some important points where the Long EZ differs from sluggish training aircraft such as a Cessna 150 or Piper Cub. First, the aircraft is much cleaner and will accelerate and develop speed with amazing rapidity if you are not prepared for it. Everything happens MUCH faster in a Long EZ. Be ready. 46 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Second, the novice Long EZ pilot will by force of habit expect the Long EZ to handle like the sluggish conventional trainers he or she last flew. This always leads to pitch over-controlling. The experienced pilot will know of this in advance and adapt quickly. Practice controlling pitch at a fast taxi in order to get the feel of the side stick control. Never exceed the attitude where the canard is above the horizon, and even better, keep it a couple of degrees below, when taking off. Finally, the Long EZ with the 160 HP engine is much faster than the standard version. It is no problem to exceed placarded maximum speeds IN LEVEL FLIGHT. Use more caution and take your time getting used to the power. In short, do NOT horse the plane around or ham-hand the stick. The plane will be all over the sky and you will be very frustrated. This flight model is extremely accurate and will reward the patient pilot who takes the time to learn to fly it. TAKEOFF Set the trim control for a substantial amount of nose-up trim to allow for adequate canard control. Use full back stick at 40 knots, and lift the nose as soon as possible thereafter to the point where the canard is level with the horizon. NEVER exceed this attitude on takeoff. Allow the plane to fly itself off the runway and raise the nose wheel as soon as a positive rate of climb is achieved. Takeoff distance for this aircraft at 1324 pounds is 698 feet to liftoff at a speed of 72 KIAS. The aircraft is normally limited to a gross weight of 1325 pounds for all takeoff operations, but can be operated at a takeoff weight of up to 1425 pounds provided sufficient runway length is available, weight and balance information is checked, and the landing is expected to be after sufficient fuel is consumed to reduce the weight to 1325 pounds or less. CLIMB Climb at 90 KIAS. Adjust trim as required. Adjust mixture as required if not set to auto mixture. Climb at 110 KIAS for better visibility, engine cooling, and to extend the distance traveled during the climb. Climb Performance Chart, 1324 lbs, O-320 Engine Elapsed Time Distance, NM Rate of Climb, fpm Altitude, MSL KIAS 1:10 2 1869 1730 91 3:07 6 1600 5000 92 7:20 14 1000 10000 93 12:05 24 630 14000 89 TRIM The Long EZ is designed to be able to be trimmed for hands-off flight between about 80-150 KIAS when the center of gravity is in the normal range. The plane is designed so that it wants to be trimmed for a particular airspeed, rather than a specific attitude, which is a very desirable trait in this kind of plane. If you have the plane trimmed for 90 KIAS, for example, as during the climb, and you reduce power, the nose will fall until the plane attains a speed of 90 KIAS, and it will stabilize at this speed in a new attitude. Likewise with cruise; you can trim the Long EZ to fly stick-free at a specified speed. Reducing or increase power will cause the aircraft to seek the attitude where the trimmed airspeed is regained. Thus, adding power will cause the plane to climb, and reducing power will cause it to descend, if the trim control is not adjusted. The trim characteristics of this plane in the roll axis are the opposite of what would be expected in a tractor aircraft; as more power is applied, you will need to add trim to bring the left wing down. On takeoff, the LEFT rudder will need to be applied to keep the aircraft rolling straight, although this is quite mild. This is, of course, because the torque and P-factor effects on the Long EZ are the opposite of a normal, tractor airplane. The plane will seem quite sensitive to trim for pilots not used to this type of light, responsive plane, and must be flown with one hand constantly on the trim if the airspeeds and power are varying, as during maneuvering. This is not difficult and becomes second-nature rather quickly. 47 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual When the nose gear and speed brake are deployed, very desirable nose-up trim results. This reduces the amount of pitch trim needed to maintain a stick-free approach. Observe placard limitations for extension of the brake and gear. MANEUVERING The Long EZ is a very agile aircraft but exhibits excellent stability about all three axes. The maximum roll rate is about 60 degrees per second. Pitch control is excellent but not overly sensitive, but will seem so to pilots transitioning to this type of aircraft. In time this sensation will go away and the Long EZs superb agility and control characteristics will seem natural, and more traditional aircraft will begin to feel like sluggish and truck-like. SPEED AND PERFORMANCE The Long EZ is a very clean airplane with a very low base drag value. It accelerates very quickly and decelerates slowly. This makes it quite responsive to power and pitch changes, and also requires more planning when maneuvering, especially for final approach and landing. The landing rollout for this plane will be substantially longer than for similar, conventional planes. CRUISE The Long EZ has astonishing range due to its large fuel capacity, clean aerodynamic design, and low fuel consumption. Cruise fuel flows will range from 2.5 to 7 gallons per hour. The gas mileage is far better than most of the automobiles in operation today, including many of the so-called green hybrid autos. Review the following charts for actual, in-game aircraft performance. These charts are identical to the ones for the real aircraft. A good cruise configuration is at 9,000 feet and full throttle. Pay close attention to your propeller RPM so as not to exceed the maximum of 2700. Some overrun is acceptable, up to 100-200 RPM at cruising altitudes. LANDING Landing the aircraft is much the same as with any small training plane, with some exceptions. Because the aircraft is so clean, it takes much longer to slow down. The speed brake is provided to assist with this. Also, the absence of landing flaps will cause the approach to be shallower and the approach speed will be necessarily faster than a conventional aircraft of similar weight with landing flaps, such as a C152. The landing roll can be doubled if the touchdown speed is increased by as little as 10-15 knots, so speed management is critical. Until you are completely familiar with the aircraft, give yourself plenty of room and avoid the temptation to fly a tight pattern. Because there is neither stall warning nor landing flaps, its recommended to land a bit faster than you normally would at first to avoid stalling the aircraft above the runway and suffering a sharp bump due the sudden sink rate. The winglets and lack of flaps reduce ground effect substantially, so when the plane stalls, it sinks rapidly. So use a longer runway when transitioning to this plane and give yourself plenty of extra room. A normal pattern speed is 75-80 KIAS, with final approach at about 65-70 KIAS and touchdown at 55-60 KIAS, depending on aircraft weight. As with any tricycle gear, hold the nose off and brake as lightly as possible. STALLS The stall in the Long EZ is exceptionally benign. There is no tendency to roll off or spin; the plane simply mushes along in level flight. Roll control remains good even in the stall. In fact, you cannot even really term a stall in the Long EZ a traditional stall as the plane provides none of the normal warning signs or bad behavior associated with a conventional training plane. You can hold the stick full back and still retain good rudder and aileron authority, and the plane will not respond adversely to any power change, whether it be full throttle or a cut to idle. The plane has no tendency to spin and is in fact nearly impossible to spin even when the attempt is made. The plane will rotate when stalled, but this cannot really be called a spin as it remains in full control of the pilot and can be restored to a normal flying attitude immediately. ACROBATICS 48 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual No acrobatic maneuvers are allowed except the following: Chandelles Lazy Eights Steep Turns The entry speed for the above maneuvers is 130 KIAS. Stalls: decelerate slowly Accelerated Stalls: enter at 110 KIAS The abrupt use of the controls is prohibited at indicated airspeeds above 120 knots. Intentional spins are prohibited. STEERING This flight model has been equipped with nose wheel steering, to make the job of taxiing easier for those without rudder pedals and differential brakes. To set up your Long EZ to have a fully-castoring nose wheel and differential brake steering, as the real one, open your aircraft.cfg file and find the [contact_points] section. The first contact point, point.0, is the nose gear. There are two entries for the first point. The first entry has been remarked out with the // characters. Delete these two characters and place them in front of the second entry. This will enable the fully- swiveling nose wheel and differential-brake taxiing. Be sure to back up any files before attempting to modify them. FLIGHT PERFORMANCE CHARTS The following charts are the measured, in-game, real-time performance of the AlphaSim Long EZ. Long EZ, O-320 Engine, Climb Propeller, mixture set to best power
49 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual
50 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Checklists O-235 powered aircraft ALPHASIM RUTAN LONG EZ 0-235 COCKPIT PROCEDURES QUICK START
The simulation of Burt Rutans world-famous Long-EZ you are about to fly is as accurate as the Microsoft Flight Simulator game engine will allow. In every way possible, it performs precisely as the real aircraft, particularly with respect to engine and flight performance. It is so accurate, you can and should use the actual Long-EZ pilots operating handbook to fly it. Here, we provide an abbreviated version of the checklist procedures, modified for Flight Simulator. We have followed the standard Flight Simulator format so you can get started flying right away; amplified procedures will be found in the Reference document. Please read the Reference carefully for more details about the Long EZ and how to fly it.
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
[ ] Brakes TEST [ ] Electrical Equipment, Autopilot OFF [ ] Avionics Master Switch OFF [ ] Fuel Selector Valve FULLEST TANK [ ] Speed brake RETRACTED [ ] Weight and Balance CHECKED
ENGINE START
Press CTRL+E to initiate engine auto start sequence, or:
[ ] Throttle OPEN 1/4 INCH [ ] Mixture
RICH (press CTRL+SHIFT+F4) [ ] Carburettor Heat OFF [ ] Propeller Area CLEAR [ ] Master Switch ON [ ] Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch ON 51 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual [ ] Ignition Switch START
Then:
[ ] Oil Pressure CHECK [ ] Auxiliary Fuel Pump OFF [ ] Flashing Beacon and Nav Lights ON as required [ ] Avionics Master Switch ON
BEFORE TAKEOFF
[ ] Parking Brake
SET (press CTRL+PERIOD) [ ] Flight Controls FREE AND CORRECT [ ] Flight Instruments CHECK and SET [ ] Fuel Quantity CHECK [ ] Mixture
RICH (press CTRL+SHIFT+F4) [ ] Fuel Selector Valve RECHECK BOTH [ ] Elevator Trim
SET for takeoff; about halfway back for nose-up trim. [ ] Throttle 1800 RPM [ ] Magnetos CHECK [ ] Suction Gauge CHECK [ ] Engine Instruments and Ammeter CHECK [ ] Instrument Panel CHECK [ ] Throttle 1000 RPM or less [ ] Lights AS DESIRED 52 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual [ ] Radios and Avionics SET [ ] Autopilot OFF [ ] Brakes RELEASE
TAKEOFF
[ ] Throttle FULL OPEN [ ] Mixture RICH [ ] Elevator Control LIFT NOSE WHEEL (at 50 KIAS) Note: NEVER RAISE CANARD ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE HORIZON [ ] Nose Gear RETRACT [ ] Climb Speed 90 KIAS
EN ROUTE CLIMB
[ ] Airspeed 90 KIAS [ ] Throttle FULL OPEN SMOOTHLY [ ] Mixture
USE AUTOMIXTURE OR SET TO RICH; LEAN GRADUALLY ABOVE 3,000 FEET TO MAINTAIN BEST POWER
CRUISE
[ ] Power 2000-2800 RPM [ ] Elevator Trim ADJUST [ ] Mixture USE AUTOMIXTURE OR LEAN AS 53 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual DESIRED
DESCENT
[ ] Power AS DESIRED [ ] Mixture
USE AUTOMIXTURE OR ADJUST AS DESIRED [ ] Fuel Selector Valve BEST TANK
BEFORE LANDING
[ ] Fuel Selector Valve BEST [ ] Mixture RICH [ ] Landing/Taxi Lights ON [ ] Autopilot OFF [ ] Nose Gear DOWN [ ] Carburettor Heat CHECK
LANDING
[ ] Airspeed Less than 90 KIAS [ ] Speed brake EXTENDED [ ] Over the fence airspeed 80 KIAS [ ] Touchdown 70 KIAS, MAIN WHEELS FIRST [ ] Landing Roll LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY [ ] Braking MINIMUM REQUIRED
54 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual AFTER LANDING
[ ] Speed brake UP
SECURING AIRPLANE
[ ] Parking Brake
SET (press CTRL+PERIOD) [ ] Avionics Master Switch, Electrical Equipment, Autopilot OFF
[ ] Mixture IDLE CUT OFF [ ] Ignition Switch OFF [ ] Master Switch OFF [ ] Fuel Selector Valve OFF
55 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual Checklists O-320 powered aircraft ALPHASIM RUTAN LONG EZ 0-320 COCKPIT PROCEDURES QUICK START
The simulation of Burt Rutans world-famous Long-EZ you are about to fly is as accurate as the Microsoft Flight Simulator game engine will allow. In every way possible, it performs precisely as the real aircraft, particularly with respect to engine and flight performance. It is so accurate, you can and should use the actual Long-EZ pilots operating handbook to fly it. Here, we provide an abbreviated version of the checklist procedures, modified for Flight Simulator. We have followed the standard Flight Simulator format so you can get started flying right away; amplified procedures will be found in the Reference document. Please read the Reference carefully for more details about the Long EZ and how to fly it.
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
[ ] Brakes TEST [ ] Electrical Equipment, Autopilot OFF [ ] Avionics Master Switch OFF [ ] Fuel Selector Valve FULLEST TANK [ ] Speed brake RETRACTED [ ] Weight and Balance CHECKED
ENGINE START
Press CTRL+E to initiate engine auto start sequence, or:
[ ] Throttle
OPEN 1/4 INCH
[ ] Mixture
RICH (press CTRL+SHIFT+F4) [ ] Propeller Area CLEAR [ ] Master Switch ON [ ] Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch ON 56 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual [ ] Ignition Switch START
Then:
[ ] Oil Pressure CHECK [ ] Auxiliary Fuel Pump OFF [ ] Flashing Beacon and Nav Lights ON as required [ ] Avionics Master Switch ON
BEFORE TAKEOFF
[ ] Parking Brake
SET (press CTRL+PERIOD) [ ] Flight Controls FREE AND CORRECT [ ] Flight Instruments CHECK and SET [ ] Fuel Quantity CHECK [ ] Mixture
RICH (press CTRL+SHIFT+F4) [ ] Fuel Selector Valve RECHECK BOTH [ ] Elevator Trim
SET for takeoff; about 2/3 of the way back for nose-up. [ ] Throttle 1800 RPM [ ] Magnetos CHECK [ ] Suction Gauge CHECK [ ] Engine Instruments and Ammeter CHECK [ ] Instrument Panel CHECK [ ] Throttle 1000 RPM or less [ ] Lights AS DESIRED 57 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual [ ] Radios and Avionics SET [ ] Autopilot OFF [ ] Brakes RELEASE
TAKEOFF
[ ] Throttle FULL OPEN [ ] Mixture RICH [ ] Elevator Control LIFT NOSE WHEEL (at 50 KIAS) Note: NEVER RAISE CANARD ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE HORIZON [ ] Nose Gear RETRACT [ ] Climb Speed 90 KIAS
EN ROUTE CLIMB
[ ] Airspeed 90 KIAS [ ] Throttle
FULL OPEN (press F3 as necessary) [ ] Mixture
USE AUTOMIXTURE OR SET TO RICH; LEAN GRADUALLY ABOVE 3,000 FEET TO MAINTAIN BEST POWER
CRUISE
[ ] Power 1800-2700 RPM [ ] Elevator Trim ADJUST 58 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual [ ] Mixture
USE AUTOMIXTURE OR LEAN AS DESIRED
DESCENT
[ ] Power AS DESIRED [ ] Mixture
USE AUTOMIXTURE OR ADJUST AS DESIRED [ ] Fuel Selector Valve BEST TANK
BEFORE LANDING
[ ] Fuel Selector Valve BEST [ ] Mixture RICH [ ] Landing/Taxi Lights ON [ ] Autopilot OFF [ ] Nose Gear DOWN
LANDING
[ ] Airspeed Less than 90 KIAS [ ] Speed brake EXTENDED [ ] Over the fence airspeed 75 KIAS [ ] Touchdown 60 KIAS, MAIN WHEELS FIRST [ ] Landing Roll LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY [ ] Braking MINIMUM REQUIRED
59 | P a g e AlphaSim Rutan 61 Long-EZ Manual AFTER LANDING
[ ] Speed brake UP
SECURING AIRPLANE
[ ] Parking Brake
SET (press CTRL+PERIOD) [ ] Avionics Master Switch, Electrical Equipment, Autopilot OFF
[ ] Mixture IDLE CUT OFF [ ] Ignition Switch OFF [ ] Master Switch OFF [ ] Fuel Selector Valve OFF