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Date

rc

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

Page

06-Jun-2014

Checked

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

101

Revision

Job No

IDEALISED STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAMS

R68

DESIGN STATUS:

VALID

L in e L o a d L G K , L Q K in k N / m
WARNING :
Passive pressure should
only be considered if it
can be guaranteed that
there will be no future
excavation in front of
the wall.

X
S u r c h a r g e S G K , S Q K in k N / m

T W

L P

Yusuf Montang:
FILL ONLY THE BLUE
WORD

H n

H P

T b

L W

L E

H W

L S

L L

W A TE R

B 1

B N

DIMENSIONS (mm)
H=
3200
B=
2750
Hw =
100
BI =
1000
Hp =
200
BN =
0
Hn =
0
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
m =
fcu =
35
N/mm
m =
fy =
460
N/mm
cover to tension steel =
Max allowable design surface crack width (W) =
Concrete density =
SOIL PROPERTIES
Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l () =
Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) =
Density of retained mat'l (q ) =
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) =
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (b) =
Design cohesion of base material (Cb ) =
Density of base material (qb ) =
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) =
LOADINGS

Surcharge load -- live (SQK) =

Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) =
Line load -- live (LQK) =
Line load -- dead (LGK) =
Distance of line load from wall (X) =

LATERAL FORCES (unfactored)

PE =
PS(GK) =
PS(QK) =
PL(GK) =
PL(QK) =
PW =
Total
PP =

T N

Ka =
Kp =
Kpc =
Kac =

Tw =
Tb =
TN =

250
400
0

1.5
1.05
50
0.3
24

concrete
steel
mm
mm
kN/m

30
0
20
13.33
20
10
10
200

degree
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
degree
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

10
10
15
20
1000

kN/m

0.33
2.04
2.86
1.15

[ default ka = (1-SIN )/(1+SIN ) ] 0.33

=
[ default kp = (1+SIN b)/(1-SIN b) 2.04
] =
[ default kpc = 2kp0.5 ] =
2.86
[ 2ka0.5 ]

Wall Geometry

kN/m
kN/m
mm

(Only granular backfil considered, "C" = zero)

[default=2/3*q (only apply when Hw >0)
13.33
]=
ASSUMPTIONS

a) Wall friction is zero

b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
c) Granular backfill
d)Does not include check of rotational slide/slope failure
e)Does not include effect of seepage of ground
water beneath the wall.
f)Does not include deflection check of wall due to
lateral earth pressures
h) Design not intended for walls over 3.0 m high

Force

Lever arm

Moment about TOE

(kN)
34.12
10.67
10.67
6.67
5.00

(m)
LE = 1.067
LS = 1.60
LS = 1.60
LL = 2.36
LL = 2.36

(kNm)
36.41
17.07
17.07
15.74
11.80

1.40
1.40
1.60
1.40
1.60

0.00

1.40

0.05

LW = 0.03

67.17

-6.12

98.09

(LP-HN) = 0.10

-0.60

1.00

Fult

Mult

(kN)
47.77
14.93
17.07
9.33
8.00

(kNm)
50.97
23.89
27.31
22.03
18.89

0.07

0.00

97.17

143.10

-6.12

-0.60

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Checked
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

PE =
PS(GK) =
PS(QK) =
PL(GK) =
PL(QK) =
PW =
P=
Pp =

34.12
10.67
10.67
6.67
5.00
0.05

06-Jun-2014
Revision

102
Job No

R68

STABILITY CHECKS :

OVERTURNING about TOE

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor)
Lateral FORCE (kN)

Page

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

EXTERNAL STABILITY

Overturning
Moments

Date

Lever arm (m)

LE =
LS =
LS =
LL =
LL =
LW =

Moment (kNm)

1.07
1.60
1.60
2.36
2.36
0.03

36.40
17.07
17.07
15.74
11.80
0.00

OK

F.O.S = 1.50
LOADING OPTION
(select critical load combination)
EARTH

PS(GK)

PS(QK)
PL(GK)
PL(QK)

PW

67.17

-6.12

(LP-HN) = 0.10

Warning:

-0.60
Mo = 97.48

Restoring
Moments

Vertical FORCE (kN)

Wall =
Base =
Nib =
Earth =
Water =
Surcharge =
Line load =
V=

Lever arm (m)

Moment (kNm)

1.13
1.38
0.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.25

18.90
36.30
0.00
168.00
0.00
60.00
78.75
Mr = 361.95

16.80
26.40
0.00
84.00
0.00
30.00
35.00
192.20

Under some
conditions,surcharge & line
loads may have stabilising
effects on the structure,
and it is recommended
that stability checks should
also be carried out without
these loads.

Factor of Safety, Mr / Mo =
SLIDING

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor)

Sum of LATERAL FORCES, P =

67.17

kN

PASSIVE FORCE, Pp x Reduction factor (1) =

BASE FRICTION ( V TANb + B Cb ) =
Sum of FORCES RESISTING SLIDING, Pr =

-6.12
-97.46

kN
kN
kN

-103.58

3.71
F.O.S =

> 1.50

OK

1.50

Red'n factor for passive force = 1.00

Factor of Safety, Pr / P =

1.54

> 1.50

OK

GROUND BEARING FAILURE

Taking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+") :
Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m)

Wall =
Base =
Nib =
Earth =
Water =
Surcharge=
Line load =
V=

16.80
26.40
0.00
84.00
0.00
30.00
35.00
192.20

0.25
0.00
1.38
-0.63
-0.63
-0.63
-0.88

Moment (kNm)

BEARING PRESSURE (KN/m)

2.75 2.37 1.98 1.60 1.21 0.83 0.44 0.06

50

4.20
0.00
0.00
-52.50
0.00
-18.75
-30.63
Mv =
-97.68

Moment due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo =

97.48

kNm

Resultant Moment, M = Mv + Mo =

-0.20

kNm

0.00
70

m
kN/m

Eccentricity from base centre, M / V =

Therefore, MAXIMUM Gross Bearing Pressure (GRP) =

100

< 200

OK

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Checked
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Date

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06-Jun-2014
Revision

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

Job No

R68

OUTER BASE ( per metre length )

f =

V ult =
M ult =

1.46
86.79
53.64

104

BS8110

(default = ult mt / non-factored mt. ) 1

=.46
kN
kNm
(TENSION - BOTTOM FACE)
Min. As =

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT :

520
12
200
565

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

d=
z=
As' =
Mres =

344
326.80
0
80.96

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

> 53.64

OK

100 As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.16%
0.40
138.35

N/mm2
kN

> 86.79

OK

centres =
Asprov =
MOMENT of RESISTANCE :

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

reference

Table 3.25

< 762
> 520

OK

3.12.11.2.7(b)

OK

3.4.4.4

Table 3.8
3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS8007 :

X=
Acr =

68.49
108.61

m = -0.000762

mm
mm

W=

-0.18

BS8007

mm

< 0.30

OK

App. B.2

INNER BASE ( per metre length )

V ult =
M ult =

81.20
89.46

kN
kNm

(TENSION - TOP FACE)

Min. As =
=
centres =
Asprov =

TOP REINFORCEMENT :

MOMENT RESISTANCE :

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

CHECK CRACK WIDTH wrt BS8007 :

X=
Acr =

99.03
86.81

mm
mm

520
16
150
1340

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

d=
z=
As' =
Mres =

342
323.22
0
189.80

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

> 89.46

OK

100 As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.39%
0.54
184.02

N/mm2
kN

> 81.20

OK

Table 3.25

< 766
> 520

OK

3.4.4.4

Table 3.8
3.5.5.2

(Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)

m = 0.0002216
W=

0.05

BS8007

mm

< 0.30

OK

REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY for BASE

TOP (DESIGN)
BOTTOM (DESIGN)
TRANSVERSE

3.12.11.2.7(b)

OK

Type

Centers

As

Min. As

T
T
T

mm
16
12
12

mm
150
200
200

mm2
1340
565
565

mm2
520
520
520

OK
OK
OK

App. B.2

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Date

Page

06-Jun-2014
Revision

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

Job No

R68

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT

No.

Type

Dia

Length

Unit Wt

Weight

WALL

VERTICAL - External face

VERTICAL - Internal face
TRANSVERSE (Ext.& Int.)

6
9
30

T
T
T

10
16
10

2880
2928
1000

0.617
1.578
0.617

10.65
41.59
18.50

BASE

TOP (MAIN)
BOTTOM (MAIN)
TRANSVERSE ( T & B )
WALL STARTERS (Ext.)
WALL STARTERS (Int.)

7
6
28
6
9

T
T
T
T
T

16
12
12
10
16

2878
2846
1000
1125
1365

1.578
0.888
0.888
0.617
1.578

31.80
15.16
24.86
4.16
19.39

NIB

(assume same reinforcement as wall)

INTERNAL FACE (MAIN)
6
EXTERNAL FACE (MAIN)
9
TRANSVERSE (EXT.+ INT.)
2

T
T
T

10
16
10

80
128
1000

0.617
1.578
0.617

0.30
1.82
1.23

SUMMARY

Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg)

105

169.5

Diagrams

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RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

Made by rc

1999 BCA for RCC

Job No R68
Date

DESIGN STATUS: VALID

IF(ABS(ECCY)>B/1000/2,"BEARING FAIL",IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,(2*VL)/(3*((B/1000)/2-ABS(ECCY))),(VL/(B/1000)*(1+(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))

IF(ECCY>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ECCY)*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/
(B/1000)))))
2.75

BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM

M
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
0.00

KN/M ^2

1 70.05
0 70.05
3
0.275 70.05
3
0.55 70.05
3
0.825 70.05
3
1.1 70.05
3
1.375 70.05
3
1.65 70.05
3
1.925 70.05
3
2.2 70.05
3
2.475 70.05
3
2.75 70.05
3
2.75 0.00
0
IF(ECCY<0,B/1000-B/1000/50*B24,B/1000/50*B24)
69.93
0 2.75
69.734
1 2.70
69.740
2 2.64
69.746
3 2.59
69.753
4 2.53
69.759
5 2.48
69.765
6 2.42
69.772
7 2.37
69.778
8 2.31
69.784
9 2.26
69.790
10 2.20
69.797
11 2.15
69.803
12 2.09
69.809
13 2.04
69.816
14 1.98
69.822
15 1.93
69.828
16 1.87
69.834
17 1.82
69.841
BP
18 1.76
69.847
BPE
19 1.71
69.853
BPI
20 1.65
69.860
BPZ
21 1.60
69.866
22 1.54
69.872
23 1.49
69.878
24 1.43
69.885
25 1.38
69.891
26 1.32
69.897
27 1.27
69.903
28 1.21
69.910
29 1.16
69.916
30 1.10
69.922
31 1.05
69.929
32 0.99
69.935
33 0.94
69.941
34 0.88
69.947
35 0.83
69.954
36 0.77
69.960
37 0.72
69.966
38 0.66
69.973
39 0.61
69.979
40 0.55
69.985
41 0.50
69.991
42 0.44
69.998
43 0.39
70.004
44 0.33
70.010
45 0.28
70.017
46 0.22
70.023
47 0.17
70.029
48 0.11
70.035
49 0.06
70.042
50 0.00
70.0479

50.00

100.00

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM

M
2.75 2.42 2.09 1.76 1.43 1.10 0.77 0.44 0.11

KN/M^2

50

100

0
1
1.25
2.75

70.05
70.0479
70.0479
70.0479
70.0479

Page 5

69.734
69.740
69.746
69.753
69.759
69.765
69.772
69.778
69.784
69.790
69.797
69.803
69.809
69.816
69.822
69.828
69.834
69.841
69.847
69.853
69.860
69.866
69.872
69.878
69.885
69.891
69.897
69.903
69.910
69.916
69.922
69.929
69.935
69.941
69.947
69.954
69.960
69.966
69.973
69.979
69.985
69.991
69.998
70.004
70.010
70.017
70.023
70.029
70.035
70.042
70.048

0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

3.835
3.836
3.836
3.836
3.837
3.837
3.837
3.838
3.838
3.838
3.839
3.839
3.840
3.840
3.840
3.841
3.841
3.841
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
69.089

4.209
3.999
3.788
3.577
3.367
3.156
2.945
2.734
2.524
2.313
2.102
1.891
1.680
1.469
1.258
1.047
0.835
0.624
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
43.517

0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

3.835
3.836
3.836
3.836
3.837
3.837
3.837
3.838
3.838
3.838
3.839
3.839
3.840
3.840
3.840
3.841
3.841
3.841
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
69.089

0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Diagrams

Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc
DATA FOR DIAGRAMS II
Grid line 1
sheet 1 of 2
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

MTE= 24.39
MTLG= 13.07
MTLQ= 9.80
MTSG= 13.0666
MTSQ= 13.07
MTW= 0.00

3200

2750

MOMENT DIAGRAM

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0.00
0.11
0.22

ULT. M T (KNM )

0.34
0.45
0.56
0.67
0.78
0.90
1.01
1.12
WALL (M )

1.23
1.34
1.46
1.57
1.68
1.79
1.90
2.02
2.13
2.24
2.35
2.46
2.58
2.69
2.80

WALL GEOMETRY
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
4000

0
400
400
3200
3200
400
400
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
1000
1000
1250
1250
2750
2750
0
0
0
0
0

0.00
0.06
0.11
0.17
0.22
0.28
0.34
0.39
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.62
0.67
0.73
0.78
0.84
0.90
0.95
1.01
1.06
1.12
1.18
1.23
1.29
1.34
1.40
1.46
1.51
1.57
1.62
1.68
1.74
1.79
1.85
1.90
1.96
2.02
2.07
2.13
2.18
2.24
2.30
2.35
2.41
2.46
2.52
2.58
2.63
2.69
2.74
2.80

3000

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

UTM= 107.34
107.34
0.00
0
0.06
0.023
0.11
0.09199
0.17
0.20698
0.22
0.36796
0.28
0.57493
0.34
0.8279
0.39
1.12687
0.45
1.47183
0.50
1.86278
0.56
2.29973
0.62
2.78267
0.67
3.31161
0.73
3.88654
0.78
4.50747
0.84
5.18995
0.90
6.87353
0.95
8.6031
1.01
10.3787
1.06
12.2002
1.12
14.0678
1.18
15.9813
1.23
17.9409
1.29
19.9464
1.34
21.998
1.40
24.0955
1.46
26.239
1.51
28.4712
1.57
30.9241
1.62
33.4543
1.68
36.0633
1.74
38.7529
1.79
41.5247
1.85
44.3802
1.90
47.3213
1.96
50.3494
2.02
53.4662
2.07
56.6734
2.13
59.9726
2.18
63.3654
2.24
66.8536
2.30
70.4386
2.35
74.1223
2.41
77.9061
2.46
81.7917
2.52
85.7809
2.58
89.8751
2.63
94.0762
2.69
98.3856
2.74
102.805
2.80
107.336

2000

YY= 2.8

1999 BCA for RCC

1000

Location

WALL (m m )

Project

BASE ( m m )

Page 6

Made by rc

Job No R68
Date

Diagrams

rc

Job No R68
6-Jun-14

000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/

3.835
3.836
3.836
3.836
3.837
3.837
3.837
3.838
3.838
3.838
3.839
3.839
3.840
3.840
3.840
3.841
3.841
3.841
3.842
3.842
3.842
3.843
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
84.458

Page 7

Diagrams

rc

Job No R68
6-Jun-14

Page 8

Project
Location

Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc
Grid line 1

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

WALL
MR=
As/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

15.06
0.008
75.21
472134280
0.0014
0.0020
0.00040658
77.265761
0.29

MIN SPACING=
MSBB=
MSBT=

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

15.06
0.0016
68.49
753352434
0.0008
0.0010
0.00176347
108.61239
-0.18

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

1999 BCA for RCC

220
762
766

ASreq = 1444
ASBBreq = 0.01
ASBTreq 6
=31.761

m= 0.0016

m= -0.0008

15.06
0.0039
99.03
1515116760
0.0007
0.0009
0.00069534
86.810337
0.05

m= 0.0002

Page 9

Made by rc

Job No R68
Date 6-Jun-14

fs = 275.309 Asprov%= 0.83776

fs = 0.00542 Asprov%= 0.16439
fs = 144.537 Asprov%= 0.39193

Notes

Disclaimer

All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended
the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (
for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA, RCC or their subcontractors, s
should note that all BCA software and publications are subject to revision from time to time and should there
possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadsheets for concre
EC2' available from British Cement Association, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS.

Status of spreadsheet
Public release version.
Revision history RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls

Date

Version

Action

06-Aug-99

RCC62 v1.0

First public release.

Includes version comments

Page 10

Notes

Page 11

Notes

nforced Concrete Council is intended for those who will evaluate

its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence)
BCA, RCC or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users
n from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in

publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and

orne, Berkshire RG45 6YS.

Size (kB)
398

Page 12

Notes

Page 13

Notes

Page 14

Notes

Page 15