NSAID menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria, menurunkan permukaan hidrofobik mukosa

lambung, menurunkan barier epitel lambung sehingga menyebabkan ulserasi lambung.

NSAID menghambat COX 1 yang menyebabkan penurunan aliran darah ke lambung dan
menurunkan produksi mukosa lambung !CO"
#
sehingga menyebab ulkus gaster
NSAID menghambat COX$ sehingga menurunkan re#epitelisasi lambung dan meningkatkan
akti%asi leukosit adhesion neutrofil sehingga menyebabkan mikroiskemia lo&al yang
meningkatkan rea&ti%e o'ygen spe&ies, sehingga menyebabkan ulserasi lambung
ACR Clinical Classification Criteria for Osteoarthritis of the knee:
Using history and physical examination
Using history, physical examination and radiographic findings:
Using history, physical examination and laboratory findings:
Reference: Altman, R, et al.: Arthritis Rheum 29:109, 19!".
Diagnostic criteria
American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting
of osteoarthritis of the knee [34]
#linical and laboratory diagnostic criteria:
Knee pain plus at least $ of the follo%ing 9 criteria: age !" years& stiffness #3"
minutes& crepitus& bony tenderness& bony enlargement& no palpa$le %armth& '(R )*0
mm+hour& R, )1.*0& syno-ial fluid signs of .A.
#linical and radiographic diagnostic criteria:
Knee pain plus osteophytes, plus at least 1 of the follo%ing criteria: age !" years&
stiffness )0 minutes& crepitus.
American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting
of osteoarthritis of the hip [3!]
/uidelines state that patients are classified as ha-ing hip .A if pain is present plus either 10 hip
internal rotation 11$2& pain present on internal rotation of the hip& morning stiffness of the hip for
3"0 minutes& age 4$0 years, or 20 hip internal rotation )1$2& '(R 3*$ mm+hour. 5f no '(R %as
obtained, hip flexion 311$2 is substituted 6sensiti-ity !"7, specificity 8$70.
9atients may also be classified as ha-ing .A if they ha-e pain plus 2 of the follo%ing
radiographic criteria: osteophytes 6femoral or acetabular0& :oint space narro%ing 6superior, axial,
and+or medial0& '(R )20 mm+hour 6sensiti-ity !97, specificity 9170.
American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting
of osteoarthritis of the hand [3&]
/uidelines state that patients may be classified as ha-ing clinical .A if, on examination, there is
hard tissue enlargement in-ol-ing at least 2 of 10 selected :oints, s%elling in ) ;#9 :oints, and
hard tissue enlargement of at least 2 <59 :oints.
5f the patient has )2 enlarged <59 :oints, then deformity of at least 1 of the 10 selected :oints is
necessary in order to classify the symptoms as being due to .A.