Speaker Purpose Context Themes Structure Quotes +

Techniques
Reception
Keating
Funeral
Service of
the
Unknown
Australian
Soldier
1993
- Australia
Primary purpose to
commemorate &
reflect on the selfless
sacrifice made b the
thousands of unknown
Australian soldiers
who had been killed in
war
!eatin" doesn#t look
to "lorif war$ but
rather "ive thanks for
the actions of these
Australian soldiers
who "allantl fou"ht
to %rotect our lands
and wa of life
&alls us to celebrate
the 'ualities of the
Unknown Soldier and
learn to endure
hardship and to stick
together
(rin"in" countr
to"ether in
remembrance
)unitin"*- aim of
creatin" a national
identit based on
'ualities of Aus#n life
- +mateship
courage, resilience$
self belief and the
need to +stick
together
,-.- of
Aus
S%eech/0ul
o" not written b
!eatin" but b
1on 2atson$ but
he makes it his
throu"h the wa
he delivers it-
34 ears
after 221
Funeral
ceremon was to
be officiall
reco"nised as a
%oi"nant and
%owerful smbol
of All Australians
who have died in
war
1ebate/obs
ession with
national identit
0choes
5incoln#s
6ettsbur"
address about
commemoratin"
the war dead
7onour war dead
and "ive thanks
for their "reat
sacrifice
8eed to unif
countr and
develo% a national
identit
Honour and
Resemblance
5ooked to honour
& remember those
that sacrificed
their lives in
221
Unknown soldier
re%resents all
Australians who
have served and
died in %ast
conflicts and
%ossible future
conflicts
!eatin" calls all
Australians to
alwas remember
and "ive thanks to
the selfless
sacrifice of those
who have served
in war to %rotect
our freedom and
wa of life
istinct
Chronological
structure
Short
paragraphs-
maintain the
sombre mood
necessar and
allow audience
time to reflect
on what has
been said
A balance is
achieved b
!ariation in
sentence length
1- Used to
achieve ma9-
im%act
:- arouse sim%le
emotions
throu"h short
sentences
3- long
sentences
balance
information and
facts
Structure allows
audience time to
honour the
sacrifices made
b the war dead
o Uses short$ sim%le
lan"ua"e
o ;nclusive lan"ua"e <
we, us < unifies
countr
o !eatin" uses
inclusive lan"ua"e
and does not
differentiate himself
seen in the 'uote$
He is all of them.
And he is one of us
which struck a
%atriotic chord$
unifin" all
Australians in
honourin" and
a%%reciatin" the
sacrifice these
Australian soldiers
made$ who fou"ht
nobl to %rotect our
countr and wa of
life-
o =e%etition +We do
not know re%eated
to em%hasise the
anonmit of
unknown soldier to
illustrate the man
%ossibilities of who
he left behind$
where he was from
and his marital
status
"riginal
>elevised to wide
Australian audience$ and
directl to %oliticians$
officials$ soldiers and
families-
=eceived tremendousl
well throu"hout Aus$
"eneratin" a sense of
%ride amon"st all
Australians as it struck a
%atriotic chord
1istinct national identit
found based u%on the
courage$ resilience$
self-belief$ +mateship &
stron" bonds defined b
the Unknown Soldier-
0normous out%ourin" of
honour and %ride
>he s%eech honoured
the war dead$ unified the
countr and created a
sense of national
identit
#odern
;n the modern rece%tion$
his s%eech is more
relevant toda than ever
due to the turbulent times
we live in such as the
ever %resent threat of
Acknowled"e wide
back"round of
Aust#ns
>his s%eech is one of
the "reatest s%eeches
in Australia because it
commemorates the
"reat contributions of
Australians and
denounces war-
1elivered s%eech on
11$ 1993 at the Aus#n
2ar .emorial$
&anberra- 11 8ov <
remembrance da <
si"nificant as his
s%eech is based around
it - in memor of all
those who died or
suffered in all wars and
armed conflicts-
$udience < multi-
cultural Aus$ those who
fou"ht a"ainst
Aus/allies in %revious
wars < =S5 members$
e9-soldiers$
broadcasted s%eech <
on >?-
0motive s%eech which
didn#t isolate an one
in societ but united
everone-
S%eech "enerates
honour associated
with servin" ones
countr
Patriotism
S%eech is
memorable for the
%atriotic and
nationalistic chord
it struck with
audience
6enerated %ride
throu"h the %o% &
found new
national identit
8ew Australian
s%irit "ravitated
around the core
values of
mateship
courage$
resilience$ self
belief and the
need to stick
together which
had been brou"ht
to life b the
unknown solider-
;nclusive
lan"ua"e and
memorable 'uote
of He is all of
them. And he is
one of us struck
a %atriotic chord$
unifin" all
o !eatin" re%eats the
word terrible to
remind the audience
of the futilit of war
& hi"hli"htin" that
%eace should be
%ursued more
readil than war-
o !eatin" develo%s
unit and a national
s%irit throu"h
re%etition of
+Australia,
Unknown oldier-
draws a connection
between the two-
o Alludes to the
A8@A& stor that
has %owerful
emotional
connotations for
most Australians
and shares his
%arado9ical ho%e
that the soldier ma
become a smbol of
%eace-
o &ollo'uial
lan"ua"e- makes
s%eech more
accessible to the
%ublic and hel%s
establish a firm
connection between
the s%eaker and his
audience- stick
together$ ha!e
terrorism and war$ we are
reminded that %eace &
freedom are hi"hl
valued and we still look
to the AnAac s%irit
ca%tured b the Unknown
Soldier as a %lace of
%atriotism & national
%ride where man
Aust#ns come to"ether in
unit to remember the
war dead & the sacrifice
the made to %rotect our
wa of life- 2e value the
soldier#s sacrifice-
Paci%ist Reading
o ;n a %acifist
inter%retation$ similar to
5incoln#s s%eech$ it is
received as another
world leader#s
mani%ulation of the
masses to %romote war-
o A%%eals to the %atriotic
and democratic values
of the nation$ to sell war
as onl a means of
%rotectin" these values
and our wa of life
Australians in
honourin" and
"ivin" thanks for
the sacrifice of
fallen heroes who
had fou"ht to
%rotect our lands
& wa of life-
&ar and Peace
,raises the
sacrifice of the
Unknown Soldier$
who is a
re%resentative of
all Australian#s
who have lost
their lives in war <
seen throu"h the
techni'ue of
statistics which
em%hasise this-
7onours sacrifice$
et doesn#t
condone war -
insists that %eace
is the ideal
situation for
Australia
"he unknown
Australian soldier
is not interred
here to glorif#
war o!er peace
but instead
honours the
memor# of all
bonds of mateship
o &ontrast of binar
o%%osites between
the cit# or the
bush, married or
single$ establishes
link between soldier
and widest %ossible
%ortion of
%o%ulation
o Uses statistics to
em%hasise how
man served & died
for Aus < one of
the %&&,&&& Ausns
'
o Successive
adBectives- illustrate
the futilit of the
mad, brutal awful
struggle$ %laces
"reater em%hasis on
the issue at hand
and achieve
dramatic effect <
ne"ative ima"e of
war$ audience
realises the value of
%eace-
o 8e"ative
connotations$
horror, terrible,
sacrifice +traged#
( denounces war
o his tomb )s a
reminder of what
we ha!e lost in war
those men and
women who laid
down their li!es
for Australia
!eatin" doesn#t
"lorif war-
%refers to
em%hasise the
brutal realities of
war bein" a
waste of human
life caused b
political
incompetence
5eaves audience
in no doubt that
%eace is better
than war
.ain %ointC from
war we learn the
value of ordinar
%eo%le- 2e realise
the are
e9traordinar- *ut
of war came a
lesson'a lesson
about ordinar#
people ( and the
lesson was that
the# were not
ordinar#.
.akes the %oint
that soldiers$ sailors
& nurses were the
real heroes of war <
not the "enerals &
and what we ha!e
gained- Antithesis
of loss and "ain
em%hasises the
futilit of war$
where we lost lives
but "ained a
+le"end# on which
our national identit
is based
o 1ramatic %auses$
commas and
h%hens "ave the
audience time to
consider what had
been said and reflect
on the immense loss
of life suffered b
those who fou"ht to
%rotect Aus-
o 1istinct sombre
lrical tone-
maintains a mood of
mournin" and
remembrance but
also allows audience
to feel %roud of
those that have
fallen before them <
o%timism < for
%eace to %revail-
%oliticians-