3/06/2014

1
THE HEART AND CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM.
LO s in todays lecture
1. Name the different vessels and relate their structure
to their function.
8. List and explain the factors that influence MAP and
describe how MAP is regulated.
9. Describe the baroreceptor reflex changes that occur
to maintain BP when you rise from lying down to a
standing position.
13 and 14. Autoregulation of blood flow and metabolic
and myogenic means of controlling local blood flow.
12. Forces involved in capillary exchange.
Blood Vessels
Arteries
elastic
Function?
Arterioles
circular smooth muscle
Function
Capillaries
thin walls
Function?
Veins
compliant with valves
Function?
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2
Factors that influence Mean Arterial
Pressure (MAP)
MAP = CO x PR
MAP= cardiac output x peripheral resistance
MAP = stroke volume x heart rate x peripheral
resistance
Heart Rate
beats / minute
Sino Atrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the
heart
autorhythmic
SA node is innervated by Autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves ??????????
parasympathetic nerves ?????
Stroke Volume
SV = EDV ESV
end diastolic volume/ end systolic volume
ml / beat
stronger contraction of cardiac muscle more
emptying larger SV
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Factors that influence SV
Sympathetic nerve stimulation
EDV (end diastolic volume) filling
Depends on venous return
Blood volume
Skeletal muscle pump
Factors involved in determining CO
Figure 22
Peripheral Resistance
Blood vessel diameter (inverse relationship)
Arterioles are theresistance vessels
R varies to r
4
Sympathetic nerves ?????????????
Viscosity
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4
Baroreceptors
Where?
Carotid sinuses
Aortic arch
Respond to changes in stretch (blood pressure)
Send signals to cardiovascular centre in the brain
signalling rate???????
Cardiovascular Centre Actions
ONLY 2 options which involve the ANS
Turn off PNS and turn up SNS
OR
Turn up PNS and turn off SNS
Time to play with this INFO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
(old school)
Blood donation
antidiuretics
LO 9 lying to standing
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5
Baroreceptor reflexes (Figure 9)
Autoregulation of blood flow to body
tissues (LO13 and 14)
The automatic
adjustment of blood
flow to each tissue in
proportion to tissues
requirements at any
instant.
Will only occur if MAP
is within normal range.
Metabolic
mechanism
Myogenic mechanism (LO14)
Regulates cerebral blood flow between MAPs of 60
and 160 mmHg
Breaks down at extremes.
Low pressures
arterioles dilate to localbloodow
Highpressures
arteriolesconstricttolocalbloodow
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6
Forces involved in capillary exchange
(LO12) Figure 17