Seminar Seminar Teknikal Teknikal Kebangsaan Kebangsaan

Gempa Gempa Bumi Bumi & Tsunami 2012 & Tsunami 2012
Penang Bridge connecting the Penang
Island and the mainland in Malaysia
Penang Bridge completed in 1985 installed Penang Bridge completed in 1985 installed
with 10,000 natural rubber bearings with 10,000 natural rubber bearings
Amplification of forces
Large inter storey drift
Contents destroyed
Requires costly repair
No amplification of forces
Contents are protected
No inter storey drift
No costly repair
Base-Isolated Structure Conventional Structure
Ground
motion
Buildings
response
Decoupling structure from horizontal components ; while
carries the vertical load of the structure ; reduces the
transmission of horizontal load into the structure.
with; T = natural period of system.
m = mass including dead load
and reasonable part of live load.
K = stiffness of bearings forming the
base isolation system.
Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) idealisation
o 1-storey structure (lumped mass)
o Column of elasticity (stiffness) + energy
dissipation (damping)
m
m
K
SDOF
Idealised
bridge
Idealised deck
isolation
m
K
Low horizontal stiffness at design displacement
High vertical stiffness
Capacity to accommodate large horizontal displacement during
earthquake and at same time support vertical load including
Capability to support gravity load of structure over long term
High initial horizontal stiffness to provide wind restraint
Stable stiffness and damping properties over long term
Capability to re-centre structure after earthquake
Moderate level of damping (10-15%)
earthquake and at same time support vertical load including
seismic loads
Ability to function again after the design earthquake
First commercial project in Malaysia that incorporates seismic
bearing with 2234 HDRBs.
24km connecting Batu Kawan and Batu Maung in Penang Island.
* HDRB = High Damping Rubber Bearing * HDRB = High Damping Rubber Bearing
24km connecting Batu Kawan and Batu Maung in Penang Island.
Soon will be the longest bridge in South East Asia.
Longest structure in the world sits on rubber base isolator.
Existing Penang Bridge
PENANG
ISLAND
(Batu Maung)
PULAU
JEREJAK
PULAU
AMAN
8.4 km
MAIN LAND
(Batu Kawan)
Packages Packages
Package 1 Navigation Channel + Substructure
Package 2
Package 3A
Package 3B Land Bridge Package 3B Land Bridge
Package 3B Sungai Tengah Bridge
Package 3C
Second Penang Bridge Second Penang Bridge
Bridge Specification Bridge Specification
Overall length: 24 km
Length over water: 17 km
Height clearance (above water): 30 m
Number of vehicle lanes: 2 + 1 for motorcycles Number of vehicle lanes: 2 + 1 for motorcycles
Overall cost: Around RM4 billion
Proposed speed limit on bridge: 80 km/h (50 mph)
MRBs
role
Design of HDRB for seismic
protection
Quality control of seismic
Design of bearing
Compound development
Bearing design drawing
Technical specification
Technical support for
bridge engineers involved
Quality control of seismic
rubber bearing
Bearing manufacturing
Bearing prototype test
Bearing production test
Bearing pre-delivery inspection
Supervision of bearing
installation
Bearing Design Bearing Design
Design Sheets Design Sheets
Material Evaluation Material Evaluation
Force
Disp. Disp.
Double Shear Test Results Double Shear Test Results
Strain
Cycle
Loop Area Damping Ratio, K
b
G Modulus
(%) (Nmm) (%) (N/mm) (MPa)
25 1 215.304 18.451 142.941 1.407
25 2 191.531 17.046 132.352 1.302
25 3 185.640 17.268 131.177 1.291
AVERAGE 1.333
Double Shear Test (Material Evaluation) Double Shear Test (Material Evaluation)
Bearing Design Drawings Bearing Design Drawings
Bearing Manufacturing Bearing Manufacturing
Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision
Types of Bearing Types of Bearing (Package 2) (Package 2)
Type 1
(1000 850mm)
Type 2
(850 700mm)
1500kg
1170kg
E1
E2 (50mm preset)
E3 (70mm preset)
E4 (restraint)
1750kg
2100kg
1170kg
Type 2
(374 374 x 243 mm)
Types of Bearing Types of Bearing (Package 3) (Package 3)
Type 1
(374 374 x 264 mm)
End Bearing
(415 415 x 203 mm)
Intermediate Bearing
(590 590 x 188 mm)
B1&7
(432 432 x 224 mm)
B2-6
(432 432 x 269 mm)
Types of Bearing Types of Bearing (Package 3) (Package 3) contd contd
Design challenge Design challenge creep & shrinkage creep & shrinkage
E3 E3 E2 E2 E1 E1 E4
Bearing Test Bearing Test
Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision
Compression Stiffness Test Compression Stiffness Test
Compression Shear Stiffness Test Compression Shear Stiffness Test
Shipment Reports Shipment Reports
HDRB bearing being tested in compression
shear test.
Sample of technical
drawing of HDRB
HDRB bearing being
checked and verify
upon site delivery.
* HDNR bearings being manufactured and tested at
Doshin Rubber Product, Klang.
HDRB bearing in the process of
installation on site.
Two HDRB successfully
installed (with preset plate)
Foreground bearing had
preset plate dismantled.
HDRB storage on construction site.
Temporary support used prior to
HDRB installation between bridge
deck and pier.
HDRB during the installation
process
Particular inspection carried out on
site.
~ (Package 2) ~ (Package 2)
Site visit to Second Penang Bridge
construction site by Minister of
Works, Dato Shaziman Abu
Mansor.
~ (Package 3) ~ (Package 3)
~ (Package 3) ~ (Package 3)
HDRB shown to offer a lower cost solution.
Economic impact.
Experience for professionals involved
Seismic bearing is an important component which can
protect both the structure and the content of the
structure from earthquake damage.
Second Penang Bridge A stepping stone to further
promote the use of seismic rubber bearing to protect
structures from earthquake.
Muhammad Umar Zulkefli
RRIM Experimental Station, Sg. Buloh
Malaysian Rubber Board
www.lgm.gov.my