Report- Laboratory #4: The Determination of Acid-Base Equilibrium Constants, Ka & Kb
Instructions: Questions must be submitted in CANVAS the night before the laboratory. You must use this provided template to answer your questions and upload your answers in a .doc or .pdf file.
Part I: K a and % of ionization of acetic acid 1. (16pts) Calculate [H + ], K a , and pK a , and the percent of ionization for two solutions of acetic acid based on pH measurement. Show your final result and work in the table to get full credit.
Table 1. Ka and % ionization of acetic acid [CH3COOH]0 pH [H + ] Ka pKa % ionization
2. (1pt) What is the trend in % ionization as the initial concentration of acetic acid decreases?
% Ionization increases as the initial concentration CH3COOH decreases
3. (2pts) Do you think this trend would be the same for any weak acid? Explain. Yes, more dilute solutions of weak acids have lower H3O+ conc. - Also, if the amount of H3O+ present will be a bigger percentage of the original, more dilute acid - when diluting weak acids, there will be less concentration of HA in the water and less Student Name:__Vlad Shukruta Section__Tue Lab Date Submitted:___02/17/2014_ Total Points: __________/95 2 - concentration of H+ and A in the water, thus the equilibrium will shift to products because one acid molecule can produce two ions, increasing overall concentration more
4. (2pts) Based on the literature Ka for acetic acid, estimate the pH and the percent of ionization of a 0.0050 M solution. Hint: Use the Ka tables from your book. a. CH3COOH initial= 0.0050 M
6. (43 pts) Complete this table based on your measured pH in the lab for each solution. Show your work for the Ka calculations on the next page to get full credit.
Table 2. pH of salt solutions 0.10 M Salt Solution pH Acidic or Basic salt? Acidic Ion Basic Ion Neutral Ion [H + ] [OH - ] Calculated Ka or Kb sodium acetate
7. (6 pts) Rank ALL the ions (not the slats) from above salts in order of acidity from the most acidic ions to most basic. Dont forget Na + and Cl - .
4 Most acidic Ion Neutral Less acidic Ion H2PO4 -2 NH4+ CH3COO- Na+ Cl- HCO3- HPO4 -2 CO3 -2 PO4 -3
(8pts) Show your work for the Ka calculations for Table 2. sodium acetate note: Ka= [x 2 ]/[HA initial X] where x=[H3O+] Kb=[x 2 ]/[HA initial X] where x= [OH-] pKa + pKb= 14.0 kw= ka (kb) ka= kw/ kb
1. (5pt) A 0.20 M solution of sodium nitrile, NaNO 2 , has a pH of 8.57. a. Write the chemical equation showing why this salt has the given pH. (Hint: you should write K a or K b chemical equation, how do you know which one?) pH=8.57, basic solution
b. Calculate K a for the anion and K a for the corresponding conjugated acid given the measured pH. i. Kb(NO2-)= 6.92x-11 ii. pKb= 10.16; pKa= 3,84 iii. Ka(NO2-)= 1.45x-4
2. (6pts) f one of the hydrogens bonded to the carbon atom in acetic acid is replaced by a chlorine atom, monochloroacetic acid is formed, CH 2 ClOOH. a. Draw the Lewis structure for monochloroacetic acid.
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b. The pK a of monochloroacetic acid is 2.865 at 25 o C. Compare this pK a to that of acetic acid and sugegest a explanation for the large differences in pK a values. Hint: see you textbook under the topic of strength of acids and molecular structure. - pKa CH2ClOOH= 2.865 - pKa CH3COOH 0.5M = 4.50 - the larger the pKa, the smaller the dissociation of the acid. The stronger the acid, the easier it is for the acid to lose a proton. Ease of separation of the proton depends on polarity H-A bond and size atom of A (determines strength H-A bond).
c. Estimate the pH of a 0.10 M monochloroacetic acid. What is the approximate percent of ionization for this acid? pKa= 2.865 Ka= 10^-2.865=1.36x-3