CRITICAL FACTORS IN PRODUCT DESIGN

Significant Interactions between critical factors in product design

Three stages
on Materials selection process:
1. Selected what types of materials in the final product are most
likely to appeal to the customer ?
Functional need :strength durability weight
!sychologycal need : colours te"ture product and packaging
#. Selected the most attracti$e materials that meet functional
re%uirement
Identify suppliers who offers competiti$e prices & reliability of
ser$ice '%uality deli$ery time lead time(
). Selected materials from the standpoint of processing cost.
Materials properties : hardness fle"ibility
1
Materials
*e%uiremets
!rocessing
*e%uirements
Modular
+omponents
and !ats
Specifications
and
Tolerance
!roduction
,olume
Engineering Specifications and Tolerances :
Specifications represent an ideal $alue for each one of the desired
attributes and the degree of allowed de$iations 'tolerance(.
-llowance : ma"imum diferent in the size of parts that fit together
.etermination of tolerances and -llowance must +onsider :
1. desired characteristic of a product
#. capability of the production process
Two !hase :
!roces Formulating product spesifications
!/-S0 1 !/-S0 #
Determine general product
spesification :
Determine Technical product
spesification :
Si1e
+apacity
+olor
2ther
.imensions
Tolerances
-llowances
Stages :
1. Select ideal $alues for
product characteristic
#. .etermine critical tolerance
). .etermine 0conomic
tolerance
Criteria :
Functional 3ualities
-esthetic considerations
!roductions +ost
Criteria :
!roduction +apabilities
*eliability and Maintenance
*e%uirements
Standardization and Interchangeability
!erancangan komponen secara standar 'bentuk ukuran
toleransi ( memungkinkan penggunaan komponen yang sama
untuk berbagai produk 4 interchangeability
!enghematan biaya maintenance and repair terutama untuk
produk yang kompleks ' T, mobil stereo electonik (
Standarisasi 5uga dilakukan pada raw materials
2
.alam merancang produk usahakan bisa menggunakan
komponen6komponen standar agar biaya produksi murah dan
lebih fleksibel
Standarisasi memudahkan 3uality control
!roduct design for /uman 7se :
Ergonomics
1. .etermination of key characteristic of the consumer for which the
product is intended 8 karakteristik populasi
#. .etermination of the body members and senses that will be
re%uired to use the product 8 dimensi anthropometri + sistem
kontrol (Display
). .etermination from a$ailable statistical measurements of key
consumer characteristics and the critical percentage of the
consumer population that will be unable to use the product 8
!enentukan percentil rancangan
*ancangan maksimal : percentile bawah 4 9:
Misal : pegangan bis tinggi tas koper kursi duduk me5a
*ancangan minimal : percentile atas 4 ;9 :
Misal : tinggi pintu pan5ang tempat tidur lebar kursi
T/0 +2<++0!T 2F 37-=IT>
Functional 3uality -spects
1. Product performance while in use
2. Reliability during expected time
3. Human Factors
<on6functional4psychological %uality aspects
1. Appearance and tyling
2. !onsumers Psychological Profile
3. "ariety of tyles or #odels to choose from
2ther 3uality -spects
1. Pac$aging
2. %imely Production and &istribution
3. er'ice !haracteristics
3
PROCEDURE FOR THE DESIGN
OF PRODUCT AND SERVICES

(
Ideas for new products
General Products specifications
Preliminary anlysis
Technical feasibility
Economic fesibility
Detailed feasibility study
Technical Product specifications
and prototype constructions
Regular-scale production and
distribution
Market trial
Suggestions
by own staff
Suggestions
by consumers
Applied
Research
Basic
Research
Known but
unsatisfied
needs
!*2.7+T =IF0 +>+=0
1. INFANCY/PERKENALAN
!roduk baru muncul belum dikenal
Masa ketidakpastian Market Si1e
!erbaikan .esain !roduk dan !roses 8 In$estasi
Ter5adi in6efisiensi 'ingat : =earning +ur$e(
Tingkat produksi dibawah kapasitas
?iaya !emasaran 'terutama promosi( tinggi
Masih Merugi 8 Masa in$estasi
. !R"#T$/PERT%&'%$AN
!roduk sukses diterima pasar
=on5akan permintaan dalam 5angka pendek
?isa mencapai kapasitas maksimal
Mulai ekspansi & di$ersifikasi
Sistim mapan 6 Mendapat profit
(. &AT%RITY/&APAN
!ertumbuhan pasar berhenti6pasar 5enuh
!roduk tidak didominasi satu merk6banyak pesaing
!an5angnya fase tergantung kemampuan
perusahaan untuk bertahan
!angsa pasar besar6kapasitas maksimal
Memanen keuntungan 8 In$est ke produk baru
). *ECLINE/PEN%R%NAN
!romosi tak lagi membantu
Segera ciptakan produk baru
=akukan pengembangan produk untuk bertahan
)