1.

What are the CT drugs that

affect the S phase of the cell
cycle?
5-Fluorouracil
Methotrexate
2. What is the target of 5-
Fluorouracil?
Thymidilate synthase
3. what dos thymidilate
synthase do?
convert dUMP to dTMP
4. What would you use 5-
Fluorouracil to treat?
Cancer- Solid Tissue
dermatology- actinic
keratosis
5. what is methotrexate used to
treat?
cancer
rheumatoid arthritis
6. what does methotrexate do? block duhydrofolate
reductase
7. for what is DHFR
important?
recycling of folic acid
8. what drugs attack the G2
phase of the cell cycle?
Bleomycin
9. what is bleomycin? a chemotherapeutic agent
used to treat Hodgkins
lymphoma
10. What are the manifestations
of bleomycin toxicity?
pulmonary fibrosis
11. what drug besides bleomycin
causes pulmonary fibrosis?
amiodarone
12. which drugs block mitosis? Paclitaxel
vincristine, vinblastine
13. what type of drug is
paclitaxel?
microtubule depolymerizer
14. what are the target of
vincristine and vinblastine?
mitotic spindle
15. what are the non-cell cycle
specific chemotherapeutic
agents?
cyclophosphamide
cisplatin
16. for what is
cyclophosphamide used as
treatment?
leukemia
17. what part of the cell cycle is
blocked by
cyclophosphamide?
nonspecific cell cycle
inhibition
18. what is the purpose of gene
expression?
produces all the proteins an
organism requires
19. what is the purpose of DNA
replication?
duplicates the
chromosomes before cell
division
20. how does gene expression
differ among different
tissues?
differs between tissues
21. how does DNA
replication differ
between different
tissues?
same for all tissues
22. what is the size of the
genetic material
generated in gene
expression?
Transcription of DNA--> RNA
copy of a small section of a
chromosome.
Average size of human gene =
10^4 - 10^5 nucleotide pairs
23. what is the size of the
genetic material
generated in DNA
replication?
DNA copy of entire chromosome
(average size of human
chromosomes= 10^8 nucleotide
pairs)
24. when does gene
expression take place?
transcription occurs in the
nucleus throughout interphase
25. when does DNA
replication take place?
occurs during S phase
26. what is interphase? all phases of the cell cycle except
mitosis
27. where does translation
take place?
in the cytoplasm
28. where does replication
take place?
in the nucleus
29. how do you differentiate
purines from
pyrimidines?
purines have a bigger structure (2
ring) and a smaller name
pyrimidines have a smaller
structure (1 ring) and a longer
name
30. how do you differentiate
between adenine and
guanine?
there is a deamination step
Amino group from Adenine is
deaminated to a ketone group on
guanine
31. what converts adenine
into guanine?
adenosine deaminase
32. what does deficiency of
adenosine deaminase
lead to?
severe combined
immunodeficiency
33. what is the difference
between cytosine and
uracil?
Cytosine is deaminated to uracil
(ketone)
34. does cytosine
deamination happen
physiologically?
no. cytosine deamination is a
mutation that is corrected prior
to completion of DNA replication
35. what is the difference
between uracil and
thymine?
thymine has a methyl group
36. what methylates uracil
to form thymine?
thymidilate synthase
37. what is the polarity of
DNA?
5' phosphate--> 3' hydroxyl
group
Kaplan Biochemistry
Study online at quizlet.com/_ohuuf
38. what type of bonds hold nucleotides together in DNA? phosphodiester bonds