Immune System Webquest Jessie Nitz

1. Pathogens invade the body and cause diseases.

2. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
3. These are a combination of physical and chemical barriers that prevent all types of foreign
agents from penetrating the outer layer of the body. No specific foreign agent is
targeted at this level.
4. External bruises, nonspecific internal defenses, and the immune system. External barriers
keep microbes out of the body. Non specific internal fight all of the microbes and the immune
system fights specific microbes.
5.Mucus destroys the cell walls of bacteria. Skin prevents microbes from landing on it from the
hard protein within the dead skin cells. The sweat allows fungi and bacteria to grow on the skin.
The acids in the stomach kill the unwanted microbes. External barrier.
6.Fever, phagocytic cells, and inflammatory response.
7. They are Lymphocytes that are a part of the immune system. They attack viral infected cells,
cancer cells, and tumor cells. They kill on contact they bind, then stick parts of the, into the cells
membrane. Then they release a chemical which causes the membrane to die and the cell to
deteriorate. This is a specific defense.
8. Inflammatory response occurs as a natural response of the breaking of the first barrier. Three
signs of of the inflammatory response are redness, swelling, and pus.
9. Damaged mast cells release histamine. Blood flow begins to increase.Capillaries will dilate
and become leaky as well.
10. The platelets will exit through the cell wall and go towards the leaking blood. They slow
down infectious diseases going toward the injury as well as clot it.
11. The virus gains entry inside the cell and starts to make copies of itself until it destroys cells
and goes and spreads to and kills other cells. Our immune system is what stops this.
12.
Part of Castle Part of Human Body Explanation of why they are
similar
Moat and Wall Skin Barrier-Protects against
intruders/infections
Soldiers Inflammation Antigens/Eaters. It will
destroy bad/not normal
contents in our body/castle
Spies Antibodies Spy on specific dangers and
then kill them
13.Dead cells, low PH, chemicals on the surfaces, and bacteria all make it hard for viruses to
attack. These are nonspecific defenses.
14. An antigen is any invader in the body.
15.Antibody Generate.



Antibodies essentially highlight the virus so that macrophages can come and destroy it. They
also make it more difficult for the virus to do its intended job. It has a certain end shape that
links perfectly with a virus cell.
16. You have the ability to produce these same antibodies. This is why we generally dont get
the same sickness twice.
17. Type of white blood cell. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.
18.B-Made in bone marrow
T- Made in the Thymus
19. Humoral means in the fluid of the body so blood and other fluid. This occurs anytime there
are free floating viruses in the fluids of our body. Antibodies, CD4, and memory B cells are
involved. The antibodies help fight off the virus and the B cells make it so that we arent
susceptible to the same virus, twice.
20. Cell Mediated Response is when the T lymphocytes target and kill the infected cells of our
body.This response is caused by infected cells in our body. Killer T cells are involved and they
are the cells that target and kill our own cells that are infected.
21. The macrophage will ingest the antigen and release enzymes to break it apart but it will
keep a part of it to ensure that the same virus does not return.
22.Helper T Cells. This is damaging because now any virus that comes into the body, is unable
to be broken down and prevented a second time so it is extremely likely to die from a common
sickness/virus.
23. Macrophage tells Helper T cells what shape the antigen is and activates the Helper T cell.
Helper T cell activates B cells and Killer T cells.
24. In many cases the symptoms are often very vague or even nonexistent.
25.They can mutate and are so diverse that the body does not have antibodies that work
against that specific antigen.
26. Emphasis that the body makes many different types of T cells, Explain that antibodies bind
to antigens involved in the infection, and the explanation of the importance of memory B cells.
27.More specific chemicals are explained in the animation, Mr.Anderson had a diagram of the
two different pathways while the other animation was only verbal, and the animation explained
that B cells come in any different types which Mr Anderson did not emphasize.
28. Self antigens are antigens that do not stimulate immune response, non-self antigens
stimulate an immune response and trigger the production of antibodies.
29.
Primary Immune Response Secondary Immune
Response
When does this response
occur?(First or subsequent
infection)
After initial antigen exposure After second or subsequent
antigen exposure
How long does it take for the
body to respond to the
antigen?
Several Days 3 days to get to antibody level
of primary response. 14 days
to get to antibody level that is
about 85-100 times greater.
What Immune cells are
involved? How?
T and B cells and Plasma B
Cells
T and memory B cells and
plasma B cells
Does the body usually display
symptoms of being sick?
yes no

30.




31. Natural immunity: Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's
exposure to a specific antigen encountered in the external environment without the intervention
of medical therapy or practice. (mucus)
Artificial immunity: Any immune response which develops as a result of an individual's exposure
to a specific antigen encountered due to the intervention of medical therapy or practice. (An
injection of antibodies)
32.Passive immunity is when a person is given antibodies produced by someone else. (Breast
milk from mother gives the child antibodies)
Active Immunity is the immunity that results from the production of antibodies by the immune
system in response to the presence of an antigen. (Antibodies produced in response to an
injection of tetanus)
33. He noticed that people who caught the much milder cow pox never suffered from smallpox,
so he used pus from a woman infected with cowpox and scraped it into an incision in a young
boy, giving him a harmless case of cowpox. He then exposed the boy to a small pox victim and
the boy never caught the small pox. Cow pox had given him immunity.
34. Pasteur injected the boy with an experimental vaccine made with the spinal cords of infected
rabbits.
35. A vaccine prepares antigens that are used in artificial active immunity The improved
secondary response to an antigen is the principle on which a vaccine works.
36. He couldnt kill it but mold can kill the bacteria. The mold released a chemical that allowed
the wall of the bacteria to break down and so it could be destroyed.
37. Bacteria was killing soldiers at a wild rate. By altering the chemical states of molecules
within the mold penicillin was able to be isolated.
38. Penicillin was able to be mass produced by fermenting it, like beer.