United S ta tes Pa tent [ 1 9 1

W einb er g
[ 1 1 ] Pa tent Numb er :
[ 4 5 ] Da te o f Pa tent:
4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
J a n. 2 1 , 1 9 8 6
[ 5 4 ] HIGH INTENS ITY ULTRAS ONIC
GENERATOR
[ 7 5 ] Inv ento r : S ta nl ey W einb er g , Lo s Ang el es ,
Ca l if .
[ 7 3 ] As s ig nee: W ein Pr o duc ts , Inc . , Lo s Ang el es ,
Ca l if .
[ 2 1 ] Ap p ] . No . : 3 4 0 , 5 9 8
[ 2 2 ] F il ed: J a n. 1 9 , 1 9 8 2
[ 5 1 ] Int. Cl . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H0 4 B 1 / 0 2 ; G0 8 B 3 / 1 0
[ 5 2 ] US . Cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 7 / 1 3 9 ; 1 1 6 / 2 2 A;
3 4 0 / 3 8 4 E
[ 5 8 ] F iel d o f S ea r c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 7 / 1 3 9 , 9 1 0 ;
3 4 0 / 3 8 4 E; 1 8 1 / 1 5 9 ; 1 1 6 / 2 2 A; 4 3 / 1 2 4 ;
3 3 0 / 2 6 4 , 2 7 7
[ 5 6 ] Ref er enc es Cited
U. S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
3 , 6 8 3 , 1 1 3 8 / 1 9 7 2 S tewa r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 7 / 1 3 9
4 , 2 9 7 , 5 3 8 1 0 / 1 9 8 1 Ma s s a 1 8 1 / 1 5 9
4 , 3 3 8 , 5 9 3 7 / 1 9 8 2 Mil l s . . . . . . 3 6 7 / 1 3 9
4 , 3 9 2 , 2 1 5 7 / 1 9 8 3 Ha l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 7 / 1 3 9
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Ma r k us , J o hn; Guideb o o k o f El ec tr o nic Cir c uits ; 1 9 7 4 ;
p p . 6 6 1 - 6 7 3 .
An Ul tr a s o nic UCS b y E. Kent a nd S . P. Gr o s s ma n,
Phy s io l o g ic a l Beha v io r 3 ( 2 ) , p p . 3 6 1 - 3 6 2 ( 1 9 6 8 ) .
S o me Ex a mp l es o f Ul tr a s o nic F r eq uenc y S ens itiv e
a nd F r eq uenc y Ins ens itiv e Bio l o g ic a l Rea c tio ns b y R.
G. Bus nel .
Pr ima r y Ex a miner Theo do r e M. Bl um
As s is ta nt Ex a miner - Gr eg o r y C. Is s ing
Atto r ney , Ag ent, o r F ir m- Pr ic e, Ges s & Ub el l
[ 5 7 ] ABS TRACT
A hig h intens ity ul tr a s o nic s o und g ener a to r f o r p r o duc
ing b ur s ts o f ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y a nd a metho d o f c o n
tr o l l ing v er min a nd p es ts b y p r o j ec ting s uc h b ur s ts into
a s p a c e f r o m whic h s uc h v er min a nd p es ts a r e des ir ed to
b e er a dic a ted. The a p p a r a tus ha s a tr a ns f o r mer l es s
p o wer s up p l y emp l o y ing a v o l ta g e div ider with a l o w
l ea k a g e inp ut c a p a c ito r a nd a n o utp ut c a p a c ito r ha v ing
a s ig ni? c a ntl y l a r g er c a p a c ita nc e tha n tha t o f the inp ut
c a p a c ito r , a nd wher ein the l o a d is v o l ta g e dep endent s o
tha t the g r ea ter the c ha r g e o n the o utp ut c a p a c ito r , the
g r ea ter the l o a d a nd, ther ef o r e, the o utp ut c a p a c ito r is
p r ev ented f r o m ex c es s iv el y c ha r g ing . Ul tr a s o und f r e
q uenc y is g ener a ted b y two a s ta b l e mul tiv ib r a to r s o ne
o f whic h duty c y c l es the o ther a nd mea ns a r e p r o v ided
to v a r y the f r eq uenc y within ea c h b ur s t a nd the b ur s t
inter v a l . Mea ns a r e p r o v ided, inc l uding p a r a l l el LC
netwo r k with the tr a ns duc er , whic h ma y b e s et to r es o
na nc e, in o r der to r educ e unwa nted a udio , a nd a l s o
inc l uding mea ns f o r r o unding the env el o p e o f the b ur s ts
o f ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y . The s p ea k er inc l udes a f r ee
? o a ting c o ne, with no o ther mec ha nic a l c o nnec tio n
tha n its mec ha nic a l c o nnec tio n to the tr a ns duc er .
1 3 Cl a ims , 7 Dr a wing F ig ur es
US . Pa tent J a n. 2 1 , l 9 8 6 S heet2 o f 3 4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
F / G. 3
4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
1
HIGH INTENS ITY ULTRAS ONIC GENERATOR
F IELD OF THE INVENTION
The p r es ent inv entio n r el a tes to the ? el d o f hig h
intens ity ul tr a s o nic g ener a to r s , a nd a l s o to the us e o f
s uc h g ener a to r s f o r the c o ntr o l o f v er min a nd p es ts .
BACKGROUND AND S UMMARY OF THE
INVENTION
It is k no wn in the a r t o f v er min a nd p es t c o ntr o l tha t
s uc h v er min o r p es ts a s r o dents , c o c k r o a c hes a nd in
s ec ts , e. g . , mo s q uito s a nd ? ies a r e v er y s ens itiv e to ul
tr a s o nic v ib r a tio ns . S uc h ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n o f s uf ?
c ient intens ity a nd dur a tio n c a n a f f ec t the ner v o us s y s
tem o f s uc h v er min a nd p es ts a nd ev entua l l y c a us e dis
a b l ing o r mo r ta l ef f ec ts . As a c o ns eq uenc e, when ex
p o s ed to s uc h ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio ns thes e v er min a nd
p es ts either a ttemp t to a v o id them o r s uf f er the o ther
c o ns eq uenc es .
In the p r es ent a r t o f ul tr a s o nic g ener a to r s , p a r tic u
l a r l y o f the k ind us ed f o r p es t c o ntr o l , a tr a ns f o r mer
with a r ec ti? ed o utp ut is us ed to p r o v ide a DC v o l ta g e
to a 5 5 5 integ r a ted c ir c uit o f the k ind ma nuf a c tur ed b y
RCA a r r a ng ed a s a n a s ta b l e g ener a to r . The o utp ut o n
p in 3 o f s uc h a n integ r a ted c ir c uit is emp l o y ed to dr iv e
a p iez o el ec tr ic tr a ns duc er c o nnec ted mec ha nic a l l y to a
s p ea k er to p r o duc e ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio ns . S uc h a p iez o
el ec tr ic tr a ns duc er a nd s p ea k er c o ne ma y b e o f the ty p e
ma de b y Mo to r o l a a s a mo del KS N 1 0 3 8 A o r KS N
1 0 4 1 A.
By c o nnec ting p in 5 o f the 5 5 5 integ r a ted c ir c uit to
the l o w v o l ta g e s ide o f the tr a ns f o r mer , the p r io r a r t
c ir c uit r es ul ts in a s weep o f the o utp ut s q ua r e wa v e
f r eq uenc y o v er a na r r o w r a ng e.
Ver min a nd p es ts o f the ty p e no ted a b o v e a p p ea r to
b e s us c ep tib l e to s weep ing o f the ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y ,
a nd the g r ea ter the s weep the g r ea ter the detr imenta l
ef f ec t o f the ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y s o nic s o n the p es t. In
a dditio n, s weep ing the f r eq uenc y r a ndo ml y p r ev ents
the p es ts f r o m b ec o ming a c c l ima ted to the ul tr a s o nic
f r eq uenc y , whic h wo ul d detr a c t f r o m its p es t c o ntr o l
ef f ec tiv enes s . F ur ther , p ul s ed b ur s ts o f ul tr a s o nic f r e
q uenc y a p p ea r to b e v er y ef f ec tiv e f o r p es t c o ntr o l .
The p r io r a r t dev ic es whic h emp l o y a tr a ns f o r mer in
the p o wer s up p l y r eq uir e the b ul k , weig ht a nd ex p ens e
o f a tr a ns f o r mer . In a dditio n, when c o ns ider ing a uni
ta r y des ig n f o r the United S ta tes a nd Eur o p e, this c a n
no t b e ef f ec ted with a s ing l e tr a ns f o r mer b ec a us e o f the
dif f er enc e in AC v o l ta g e b etween, r es p ec tiv el y , 1 1 0
VAC a nd 2 2 0 VAC a nd dif f er ent f r eq uenc ies o f f r o m,
e. g . , 2 5 Hz to 6 0 Hz . F ur ther , a tr a ns f o r mer c r ea tes a
g r ea t p r o b l em in hea t g ener a tio n dur ing o p er a tio n,
whic h c a n c r ea te a da ng er when the ul tr a s o nic a p p a r a
tus is us ed f o r p es t c o ntr o l a nd p l a c ed in r emo te a nd
una ir c o nditio ned s p a c es , e. g . , a n a ttic .
An a dditio na l c o ns ider a tio n is tha t the ul tr a s o nic
dev ic es o f the p r io r a r t a r e o utp ut l imited to a b o ut 1 2 5
db whic h inhib its s o mewha t their ef f ec tiv enes s . The
p iez o el ec tr ic tr a ns duc er is a l s o dr iv en c o ntinuo us l y ,
c r ea ting f ur ther hea t g ener a tio n p r o b l ems .
Ther e is a l s o a need f o r a s ma l l , l ig ht- weig ht s p ea k er
( tr a ns duc er ) whic h is ef ? c ient a t the ul tr a s o nic , a s o p
p o s ed to a udio , r a ng es , whic h is ea s y to ma nuf a c tur e
a nd inex p ens iv e in c o s t.
It ha s a l s o b een a p r o b l em with p r io r a r t ul tr a s o nic
v ib r a tio n g ener a to r s o f the k ind us ed f o r p es t c o ntr o l
4 0
4 5
5 5
6 0
2
tha t they tend to emit s o me s o und in the a udio r a ng e.
This c a n b e v er y dis tr a c ting in ha b ita t a nd wo r k a r ea s .
The p r o b l ems enumer a ted in the f o r eg o ing a r e no t
intended to b e ex ha us tiv e, b ut r a ther a r e a mo ng ma ny
whic h tend to imp a ir the ef f ec tiv enes s a nd us ef ul nes s o f
k no wn ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n g ener a to r s , a nd their us e f o r
v er min a nd p es t c o ntr o l . Other no tewo r thy p r o b l ems
ma y a l s o ex is t; ho wev er , tho s e p r es ented a b o v e s ho ul d
b e s uf ? c ient to demo ns tr a te tha t p r io r a r t ul tr a s o nic
v ib r a tio n g ener a to r s us ed in the p a s t, a nd their us e f o r
v er min a nd p es t c o ntr o l ha v e no t b een a l to g ether s a tis
f a c to r y .
Rec o g niz ing the need f o r a b etter ul tr a s o nic p es t a nd
v er min c o ntr o l a p p a r a tus a nd a c hea p er a nd mo r e ef f ec
tiv e mea ns f o r g ener a ting thes e ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio ns , it
is a g ener a l f ea tur e o f the p r es ent inv entio n to p r o v ide a
no v el ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n g ener a to r .
It is a f ur ther f ea tur e o f the p r es ent inv entio n to p r o
v ide a c hea p er a nd mo r e v er s a til e ul tr a s o nic v er min a nd
p es t c o ntr o l a p p a r a tus whic h r eq uir es no inp ut tr a ns
f o r mer , ther eb y el imina ting a l l o f the a ttenda nt p r o b
l ems c a us ed b y ha v ing a n inp ut tr a ns f o r mer .
It is a s til l f ur ther f ea tur e o f the p r es ent inv entio n to
p r o v ide a no v el a nd mo r e ef f ec tiv e mea ns f o r v a r y ing
the ul tr a s o nic o utp ut in o r der to c o ntr o l p es ts b y g ener
a ting p er io dic b ur s ts o f ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y a nd s weep
ing the ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y dur ing ea c h b ur s t, in a
ma nner whic h p r ef er a b l y dif f er s f r o m b ur s t to b ur s t.
Ano ther f ea tur e o f the p r es ent inv entio n is a no v el
mea ns o f s ig ni? c a ntl y r educ ing the a udio s o und o utp ut
dur ing ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n g ener a tio n.
S til l a no ther f ea tur e o f the p r es ent inv entio n is a
s p ea k er mea ns whic h inc r ea s es the ef ? c ienc y o f p r o duc
ing ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio ns witho ut a s ig ni? c a nt c ha ng e in
the c o s t, s iz e o r c o n? g ur a tio n o f p r es entl y us ed s p ea k
er s .
An ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n g ener a to r a c c o r ding to p r es
entl y p r ef er r ed emb o diments o f the p r es ent inv entio n,
a nd intended to s ub s ta ntia l l y inc o r p o r a te the a b o v e
no ted f ea tur es , inc l udes a tr a ns f o r mer l es s p ul s ed s weep
ul tr a s o nic g ener a to r . The ul tr a s o nic g ener a to r o f the
p r es ent inv entio n is c a p a b l e o f p r o duc ing a l o w duty
c y c l e p ul s ed s weep o f ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio ns f r o m a b o ut
2 5 KHz to 5 5 KHZ with no inp ut tr a ns f o r mer . Al s o , the
a p p a r a tus o f the p r es ent inv entio n c a n p r o duc e a b o ut
1 0 0 times the ul tr a s o und l ev el o f s imil a r k no wn ul tr a
s o nic g ener a to r s , i. e. , a b o ut 1 5 0 db .
A c a s c a ded v o l ta g e do ub l er s up p l ies o utp ut DC v o l t
a g e to a CMOS integ r a ted c ir c uit o f q ua d 2 inp ut NOR
g a tes , o ne ha l f o f whic h a c ts a s a n a s ta b l e mul tiv ib r a to r
a nd the o ther ha l f o f whic h a c ts a s a duty c y c l e g ener a
to r f o r the o ne ha l f , the duty c y c l e o f whic h a nd the
o s c il l a ting f r eq uenc y o f whic h a r e deter mined a l l in
a c c o r da nc e with ex ter na l c ir c uit c o mp o nents c o n
nec ted to the p ins o f the integ r a ted c ir c uit.
The o utp ut o f the integ r a ted c ir c uit c o ntr o l s a VMOS
p o wer a mp l i? er whic h inc l udes a r ing ing c ir c uit tha t is
g a ted b y the VMOS in r es p o ns e to the o utp ut p ul s es
f r o m the a s ta b l e mul tiv ib r a to r dur ing ea c h b ur s t o f
mul tiv ib r a to r o utp ut p ul s es , whic h c r ea tes a r el a tiv el y
l a r g e, 8 0 V p ea k - to - p ea k , v o l ta g e to a mec ha nic a l tr a ns
duc er , e. g . , a p iez o el ec tr ic a l c r y s ta l tr a ns duc er , a t a
s wep t ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y . The tr a ns duc er is mec ha ni
c a l l y c o nnec ted to a thr o a tl es s f r ee- ? o a ting s p ea k er .
The net ef f ec t is o ne o f ha v ing a tr a ns f o r mer l es s s wep t
to ne b ur s t g ener a to r in the ul tr a s o nic r a ng e with, in
a dditio n, a mo r e ef ? c ient s p ea k er a r r a ng ement.
4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
3
Ex a mp l es o f the mo r e imp o r ta nt f ea tur es o f the p r es
ent inv entio n ha v e thus b een s umma r iz ed r a ther
b r o a dl y in o r der tha t the deta il ed des c r ip tio n tha t f o l
l o ws ma y b e b etter under s to o d, a nd in o r der tha t the
c o ntr ib utio n to the a r t ma y b e b etter a p p r ec ia ted. Ther e
a r e, o f c o ur s e, a dditio na l f ea tur es whic h wil l b e de
s c r ib ed her eina f ter a nd whic h wil l a l s o f o r m the s ub j ec t
o f the a p p ended c l a ims . Thes e f ea tur es a nd a dv a nta g es
o f the p r es ent inv entio n wil l b ec o me a p p a r ent with
r ef er enc e to the f o l l o wing deta il ed des c r ip tio n o f p r e
f er r ed emb o diments in c o nnec tio n with the a c c o mp a ny
ing dr a wing s , wher ein l ik e r ef er enc e numer a l s ha v e
b een a p p l ied to l ik e el ements .
BRIEF DES CRIPTION OF THE DRAW INGS
F IG. 1 s ho ws a s c hema tic dr a wing o f a c ir c uit a c
c o r ding to o ne emb o diment o f the p r es ent inv entio n;
F IG. 2 s ho ws a s c hema tic dr a wing o f a c ir c uit a c
c o r ding to a s ec o nd emb o diment o f the p r ev ent inv en
tio n;
F IG. 3 s ho ws a n o utp ut wa v e f o r m o f the ul tr a s o nic
v ib r a tio ns ;
F IG. 4 s ho ws a p er s p ec tiv e p a r tia l l y c ut- a wa y v iew
o f a s p ea k er a c c o r ding to the p r es ent inv entio n;
F IG. 5 s ho ws a p er s p ec tiv e p a r tia l l y c ut- a wa y v iew
o f the a p p a r a tus o f the p r es ent inv entio n s ho wing the
l o c a tio n o f the s y s tem- o n indic a ting l ig ht o f the p r es ent
inv entio n;
F IG. 6 s ho ws a deta il o f the p ul s e g ener a to r s ec tio n
o f F IG. 1 , inc l uding the l o g ic c ir c uitr y o f the integ r a ted
c ir c uit; a nd
F IG. 7 s ho ws a deta il o f the p ul s e g ener a to r s ec tio n
o f F IG. 2 , inc l uding the l o g ic c ir c uitr y o f the integ r a ted
c ir c uit.
DETAILED DES CRIPTION OF THE
INVENTION
Tur ning no w to F IG. 1 , the c ir c uit 2 0 a c c o r ding to
the p r es ent inv entio n is s ho wn to ha v e a p o wer s up p l y
s ec tio n within p ha nto m l ines 2 2 , a p ul s e g ener a to r s ec
tio n within p ha nto m l ines 2 4 a nd a tr a ns duc er dr iv e
s ec tio n within p ha nto m l ines 2 6 .
The p o wer s up p l y s ec tio n 2 2 ha s a n AC v o l ta g e s up
p l y 2 8 whic h ma y b e, e. g . , either 1 1 0 VAC o r 2 2 0 VAC
a nd, e. g . , f r o m 2 5 Hz to 6 0 Hz . Ac r o s s the AC v o l ta g e
s up p l y 2 8 is a dump ing r es is to r 2 9 . El ec tr ic a l l y c o n
nec ted to o ne ter mina l o f the AC v o l ta g e s up p l y 2 8 is
o ne s ide o f a 1 . 5 u f d c a p a c ito r 3 0 , is a l o w l ea k a g e, e. g . ,
? l m, p a p er o r ta nta l um diel ec tr ic c a p a c ito r ) the o p p o
s ite s ide o f whic h is c o nnec ted to no de 3 2 b etween two
dio des 3 4 a nd 3 6 c o nnec ted a no de to c a tho de, with the
a no de o f dio de 3 6 c o nnec ted to the c o mmo n, i. e. ,
g r o und s ide o f AC v o l ta g e s up p l y 2 8 . El ec tr ic a l l y c o n
nec ted f r o m the c a tho de o f dio de 3 4 to g r o und is a 1 0 0 0
p f d c a p a c ito r 3 8 . W ith this c a s c a ded v o l ta g e do ub l er
a r r a ng ement, due to the f a c t tha t l o w l ea k a g e c a p a c ito r
3 0 is s ma l l in c o mp a r is o n to c a p a c ito r 3 8 , c a p a c ito r 3 8
c ha ng es r el a tiv el y s l o wl y , a nd wil l no t g et mo r e tha n
a b o ut 5 V a b o v e no r ma l s y s tem v o l ta g e o f 3 5 V, due to
c o ntinua l l y b eing dis c ha r g ed thr o ug h the l o a d c r ea ted
b y the p ul s e g ener a to r s ec tio n 2 4 a nd tr a ns duc er dr iv e
s ec tio n 2 6 .
The p ul s e g ener a to r s ec tio n 2 4 c o ns is ts o f q ua d 2
inp ut- CMOS NOR g a te integ r a ted c ir c uit 4 0 , e. g . , a n
RCA CD 4 0 0 1 BE integ r a ted c ir c uit, o ne ha l f o f whic h
s up p l ies a s q ua r e wa v e s wep t a b o ut a p p r o x ima tel y 3 0
KHz a nd duty c y c l ed b y the o ther ha l f . Co nnec ted
b etween the c a tho de o f dio de 3 4 a nd g r o und is a 3 0 K
1 0
2 0
2 5
3 5
4 5
5 5
6 0
6 5
4
r es is to r 4 2 a nd a 1 6 K r es is to r 4 4 with the j unc tio n 4 6
b etween the two c o nnec ted to p in 1 4 o f the CMOS 4 0
to s up p l y s y s tem v o l ta g e VDD. S y s tem v o l ta g e VDD
thus v a r ies a s the c ha r g e o n c a p a c ito r 3 8 a nd inc r ea s es
a s the c ha r g ing o f c a p a c ito r 3 8 o c c ur s in the p o wer
s up p l y s ec tio n 2 2 , a nd dec r ea s es a s c ha r g e is r emo v ed
f r o m c a p a c ito r 3 8 dur ing dr iv ing o f the p ul s e g ener a to r
s ec tio n 2 4 , a nd the tr a ns duc er dr iv e s ec tio n 2 6 . The
c ir c uit c o mp o nents a nd o p er a tio n a r e s el ec ted to ha v e a
duty c y c l e f o r the g ener a tio n o f b ur s ts o f ul tr a s o nic
f r eq uenc y , whic h p r o v ides s uf ? c ient l o a d o n the c a p a c i
to r 3 8 to p r ev ent it f r o m b eing c ha r g ed mo r e tha n to
a b o ut 4 0 v o l ts , wher e 3 5 v o l ts is no mina l VDD. VDD is
a c tua l l y the c ha r g e o n c a p a c ito r 3 8 times the r a tio o f the
r es is ta nc e o f r es is to r 4 4 div ided b y the s um o f the r es is
ta nc es o f r es is to r s 4 4 a nd 4 2 whic h f o r m a v o l ta g e di
v ider , ther eb y k eep ing VDD b el o w the l imits o f CMOS
4 0 , i. e. , a b o ut 1 6 v o l ts . F ur ther , s inc e the o utp ut c a p a c i
to r 3 8 is muc h l a r g er in c a p a c ita nc e tha n the inp ut c a
p a c ito r 3 0 , the o utp ut c a p a c ito r 3 8 c ha r g es r el a tiv el y
s l o wl y . S inc e, a s wil l a p p ea r b el o w, the b ur s t r ep etitio n
r a te, the o s c il l a ting f r eq uenc y dur ing ea c h b ur s t a nd the
ma g nitude o f the ul tr a s o und g ener a tio n ea c h v a r y di
r ec tl y with the c ha r g e a c r o s s c a p a c ito r 3 8 , the g r ea ter
the c ha r g e ther eo n, the g r ea ter the dr a in f r o m the l o a d,
thus p r ev enting ex c es s iv e c ha r g ing o f the o utp ut c a p a c
ito r 3 8 .
Co nnec ted to p ins 1 a nd 3 - 5 o f the CMOS 4 0 is the
duty c y c l e netwo r k 4 8 whic h c o ns is ts o f a 1 . 5 M o hm
r es is to r 5 0 c o nnec ted to p in 1 ; a 4 . 7 M o hm r es is to r 5 2
a nd a dio de 5 4 c o nnec ted to p in 3 , with the c a tho de o f
the dio de 5 4 el ec tr ic a l l y c o nnec ted to p in 3 thr o ug h
r es is to r 5 2 ; a 0 . 1 ; ; f d c a p a c ito r 5 6 c o nnec ted to p in 4 ;
a nd a 1 0 M o hm r es is to r 5 8 a nd a dio de 6 0 c o nnec ted to
p in 5 with the c a tho de o f the dio de 6 0 c o nnec ted to p in
5 thr o ug h r es is to r 5 8 . The a no des o f dio des 5 4 a nd 6 0
a nd the o p p o s ite ends o f r es is to r 5 0 a nd c a p a c ito r 5 6 ,
f r o m, r es p ec tiv el y p ins 1 a nd 4 , a r e a l l el ec tr ic a l l y c o n
nec ted.
Pin 1 o f the CMOS integ r a ted c ir c uit 4 0 is c o nnec ted
to p in 1 3 thr o ug h a 2 2 p f c a p a c ito r 6 2 . Pin 1 2 is c o n
nec ted b y j ump er 6 4 to p ins 3 a nd 5 . A j ump er 6 6 c o n
nec ts p ins 6 a nd 7 a nd p ins 7 a nd 8 a r e c o nnec ted to
g r o und b y , r es p ec tiv el y , l ea ds 6 8 a nd 7 0 . Pin 2 is c o n
nec ted to g r o und o n the g r o unded s ide o f r es is to r 4 4 .
Co nnec ted to p ins 1 0 - 1 3 o f the CMOS is the f r e
q uenc y c o ntr o l c ir c uitr y 7 1 whic h c o ntr o l s the o utp ut
ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y within the duty - c y c l ed to ne b ur s ts .
Pin 1 3 is c o nnec ted to p ins 1 1 a nd 9 thr o ug h a 1 . 5 M
o hm r es is to r 7 2 a nd a 7 5 K o hm r es is to r 7 6 , with a n
a ntenna 7 4 c o nnec ted b etween p in 1 3 a nd r es is to r 7 2 .
The a ntenna 7 4 ma y c o nv enientl y b e f o r med o f a s ho r t
l eng th o f ins ul a ted wir e. A 2 2 p f d c a p a c ito r 7 8 c o nnec ts
the no de 7 9 b etween r es is to r s 7 2 a nd 7 6 a nd p in 1 0 o f
the CMOS 4 0 .
The tr a ns duc er dr iv e s ec tio n 2 6 c o mp r is es a VMOS
F ET 8 0 , e. g . , a ZVNO1 0 9 A ma de b y F er r a nti. The
GATE o f the F ET 8 0 is c o nnec ted to p ins 1 1 a nd 9 ,
with the DRAIN o f the F ET c o nnec ted thr o ug h a 5 . 6
Mil l ihenr y c ho k e 8 2 a nd a l ig ht emitting dio de ( LED)
8 4 to the p o wer s up p l y s ec tio n 1 2 , a nd the S OURCE o f
the F ET 8 0 c o nnec ted to g r o und. Between the DRAIN
o f F ET 8 0 a nd the 5 . 6 Mil l ihenr y c ho k e is a no de 8 5
whic h is c o nnec ted to g r o und thr o ug h a 5 p . f d c a p a c i
to r 8 8 a nd a p iez o el ec tr ic tr a ns duc er 8 6 , e. g . , o f the k ind
inc l uded in ex p o nentia l tweeter s ma de b y Mo to r o l a
under Mo del No s . KS N 1 0 3 8 A o r KS N 1 0 4 1 A. The
tr a ns duc er 8 6 is mec ha nic a l l y c o nnec ted to the c o ne 1 4 2
4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
5
o f a s p ea k er f o r p r o duc ing ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n in r e
s p o ns e to el ec tr ic a l s timul a tio n o f the tr a ns duc er 8 6 , a s
is ex p l a ined in mo r e deta il b el o w. Co nnec ted a c r o s s the
tr a ns duc er 8 6 a nd g r o und is a hig h/ l o w s witc h 9 0 a nd a
1 0 0 Mic r o henr y c ho k e 9 2 .
In o p er a tio n o f the c ir c uit o f F IG. 1 , the p o wer s up
p l y s ec tio n 2 2 p r o v ides a v a r y ing DC inp ut v o l ta g e a t
the no de 4 6 to p in 1 4 a s c a p a c ito r 3 8 c ha r g es . The duty
c y c l e c ir c uitr y 4 8 es ta b l is hes a duty c y c l e, i. e. , when the
o utp ut o f CMOS 4 0 is o n a nd o f f , a nd the f r eq uenc y
c o ntr o l c ir c uitr y 7 1 deter mines the o utp ut f r eq uenc y
dur ing ea c h duty c y c l e. The a ntenna 7 4 p ic k s up 6 0
c y c l e hum p r es ent in the a tmo s p her e s ur r o unding the
c ir c uitr y o f the p r es ent inv entio n, a nd to g ether with the
c ha r g ing o f c a p a c ito r 7 8 c a us es a s weep o f the o utp ut
f r eq uenc y whic h is r a ndo miz ed dur ing ea c h duty c y c l e.
r a ndo miz ed it is mea nt tha t a t the c o mmenc ement o f '
a nd dur ing ea c h b ur s t duty c y c l e the v a l ue o f VDD
v a r ies dep ending o n the c ha r g e o n o utp ut c a p a c ito r 3 8 ,
a nd a l s o due o n o c c a s io n dep ending o n the inp ut f r o m
a ntenna 7 4 , thus v a r y ing the c ha r g e a nd r a te o f c ha r g e
o f c a p a c ito r 7 8 , a nd ther ef o r e the o s c il l a ting f r eq uenc y
o utp ut o f the CMOS 4 0 , in a ma nner whic h v a r ies f r o m
to ne b ur s t to to ne b ur s t.
The VMOS 8 0 a nd the r ing ing c ir c uit o f c ho k e 8 2
a nd c a p a c ito r 8 8 a c ts a s a p o wer a mp l i? er o f the s ig na l
o n the g a te o f the VMOS . A VMOS F ET 8 0 is s el ec ted
b ec a us e o f its c o mp a tib il ity with the o utp ut o f CMOS
4 0 a nd b ec a us e its r ea c tio n time is s ma l l eno ug h to b e
ef f ec tiv e a t ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc ies , i. e. , ha v ing a n F To f ,
e. g . , 8 0 0 MHz . The hig h/ l o w s witc h 9 0 , when s hut
p l a c es the c ho k e 9 2 in s hunt a c r o s s the tr a ns duc er 5 6 ,
whic h tends to r educ e a udio o utp ut o f the s p ea k er 1 4 2 .
Tur ning no w to F IG. 2 , a s ec o nd emb o diment o f a
c ir c uit 2 0 a c c o r ding to the p r es ent inv entio n is s ho wn.
The p o wer s up p l y c ir c uitr y 2 2 ' ha s b een mo di? ed to
ta k e the inp ut to p in 1 4 f r o m a c r o s s c a p a c ito r 3 0
thr o ug h a dio de 1 0 0 , a v a r ia b l e r es is to r 1 0 1 , v a r ia b l e up
to 1 0 0 K o hms , a nd a 1 6 K o hm r es is to r 1 0 2 . The r es is to r
1 0 2 is c o nnec ted to g r o und thr o ug h a p a r a l l el RC net
wo r k c o ns is ting o f a 5 . 1 K o hm r es is to r 1 0 4 a nd a 0 . 3 3 it
f d c a p a c ito r 1 0 6 . The no de 1 0 8 b etween r es is to r 1 0 2 a nd
RC netwo r k 1 0 4 , 1 0 6 is c o nnec ted to p in 1 4 . W ith this
a r r a ng ement, due to the ef f ec t o f RC netwo r k 1 0 4 , 1 0 6 ,
the s y s tem v o l ta g e o n p in 1 4 , VDD, v a r ies c y c l ic a l l y in
a r o ug hl y s inus o ida l ma nner a b o ut 5 V DC, due to the
v o l ta g e div ider a c tio n o f netwo r k 1 0 1 , 1 0 2 , 1 0 4 a nd 1 0 6 .
The p ul s e g ener a to r s ec tio n 2 4 ' ha s duty c y c l e c ir
c uitr y 4 8 ' whic h inc l udes a 1 . 5 M o hm r es is to r 1 1 0 c o n
nec ted to p in 1 , a 1 . 5 M o hm r es is to r 1 1 2 c o nnec ted to
p in 3 a nd a 0 . 1 f d c a p a c ito r 1 1 4 , ea c h c o nnec ted a l s o to
the o ther . Pins 3 a nd 5 a r e j ump er ed to g ether a nd p ins
2 , 6 , 7 a nd 8 a r e g r o unded.
The f r eq uenc y c o ntr o l c ir c uitr y 7 1 ha s b een mo di
? ed f r o m tha t o f F IG. 1 b y el imina ting the a ntenna 7 4 ,
r ep l a c ing r es is to r 7 6 with a v a r ia b l e r es is to r 1 2 4 , v a r i
a b l e to 1 0 0 K o hms , a nd r ep l a c ing the 2 2 p f d c a p a c ito r
7 8 with a 2 2 0 p f d c a p a c ito r 7 8 ' .
In the tr a ns duc er dr iv e s ec tio n 2 6 the hig h/ l o w
s witc h 9 0 ha s b een r emo v ed a nd the 1 0 0 Mic r o Henr y
c ho k e 9 2 ha s b een r ep l a c ed b y a 2 2 0 Mic r o Henr y c ho k e
9 2 ' c o nnec ted a c r o s s the tr a ns duc er 8 6 .
In o p er a tio n, the c ir c uit o f F IG. 2 , f unc tio ns s imil a r l y
to the c ir c uit o f F IG. 1 . The v a r ia b l e r es is to r 1 0 1 is
a dj us ted dur ing the ma nuf a c tur ing p r o c es s to a c hiev e
a n o s c il l a ting r o ug hl y s ine wa v e inp ut to p in 4 due to
the ef f ec t o f dio de 1 0 0 , r es is to r s 1 0 1 , 1 0 2 a nd 1 0 4 a nd
c a p a c ito r 1 0 6 , f o r ming a 6 0 Hz l o w v o l ta g e r a mp ing
2 5
3 5
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
6
netwo r k , v a r y ing a b o ut 5 V DC. This inp ut to p in 1 4 in
the emb o diment o f F IG. 2 r es ul ts in s weep ing o f b o th
the duty c y c l e a nd the o s c il l a to r o utp ut f r eq uenc y .
Va r ia b l e r es is to r 1 0 1 is a l s o a dj us ted to k eep the DC
v o l ta g e o n c a p a c ito r 3 8 a t a b o ut 3 5 V. The l o w 5 V DC
v a r y ing v o l ta g e mo dul a tes the dr a in r es is ta nc e ( Rl DS
ON) o f VMOS 4 0 to r o und the env el o p e. R0 5 , the
dy na mic dr a in s o ur c e r es ita nc e o f the VMOS 4 0 is thus
mo dul a ted to p r ev ent a b r up t c ha ng es in c ur r ent
thr o ug h the c ho k e 8 2 , a l s o ther eb y p r ev enting a udio
p r o duc ing s ho c k ex c ita tio n o f the tr a ns duc er 8 6 .
The v a r ia b l e r es is to r 1 2 4 in the o s c il l a to r f r eq uenc y
c ir c uitr y 7 1 is a l s o a dj us ted a t ma nuf a c tur e to a c hiev e
r es o na nc e b etween c ho k e 9 2 ' a nd the tr a ns duc er 8 6 . A
v a r ia b l e r es is to r 1 2 4 is needed b ec a us e ma nuf a c tur ing
to l er a nc es f o r b o th the c ho k e 9 2 ' a nd tr a ns duc er 8 6 c a n
r es ul t in them b eing o ut o f r es o na nc e witho ut a dj us ting
the o utp ut f r eq uenc y o f the v a r ia b l e o s c il l a to r , a b o ut
whic h s weep o c c ur s , b y c ha ng ing the v a l ue o f r es is to r
1 2 4 s o tha t the o utp ut f r eq uenc y a b o ut whic h s weep
o c c ur s c a n b e mo di? ed to o utp ut the tr a ns duc er 8 6 a nd
c ho k e 9 2 ' in r es o na nc e a t tha t f r eq uenc y . Res o na nc e
b etween c ho k e 9 2 ' a nd tr a ns duc er 8 6 s ev er el y da mp ens
the a udio o utp ut, whic h a dds to the a udio da mp ening
ef f ec t o f c a p a c ito r 8 8 .
Pr o v iding p in 1 4 with a r o ug hl y s inus o ida l inp ut
v o l ta g e a l s o a s s is ts in r educ ing the a udio o utp ut o f the
tr a ns duc er 8 6 whic h c a n b e c a us ed b y s ho c k ex c itement
o f the p iez o el ec tr ic c r y s ta l o f the tr a ns duc er 8 6 due to
the r a te a t whic h the mo dul a tio n o n the GATE o f PET
8 0 r ea c hes thr es hho l d v o l ta g e. The r o unded wa v e f r o m
inp ut o n p in 1 4 p r o duc es a r o unded env el o p e a t the
initia tio n o f ea c h duty c y c l e a s s ho wn in F IG, 3 ,
wher ea s the c ir c uit o f F IG. 1 wil l tend to ha v e a n
a b r ub ter initia tio n o f the duty c y c l e to o n, whic h c a n
c a us e inter mittent a udio p r o duc tio n b y the tr a ns duc er
8 6 .
Tur ning no w to F IG. 4 , it c a n b e s een tha t a p r inted
c ir c uit b o a r d ( PCB) 1 3 0 , up o n whic h a l l o f the c o mp o
nents o f the c ir c uits 2 0 , 2 0 ' o f F IGS . 1 o r 2 a r e c o nv e
nientl y mo unted, is c o nta ined within a ho us ing 1 3 2
ha v ing a s p ea k er g r a ting 1 3 4 . The LED 8 4 is c o nnec ted
to the PCB 1 3 0 b y s ho r t r el a tiv el y r ig id ex ter na l l ea ds
1 3 6 whic h ma y b e o n the LED 8 4 a s s up p l ied b y the
ma nuf a c tur er . F o r c o nv enienc e o f wir ing a nd f o r a v o id
ing c o s tl y p r o duc tio n r eq uir ements a nd a p o tentia l f o r
da ma g e to the LED 8 4 dur ing ins ta l l a tio n o r us e o f the
p r es ent inv entio n, the LED 8 4 is p o s itio ned ins ide the
ho us ing 1 3 2 s o a s to b e v is ib l e f r o m o uts ide the ho us ing
1 3 2 b y v iewing thr o ug h the s p ea k er g r a ting 1 3 4 .
Tur ning no w to F IG. 5 , a s p ea k er 1 4 0 a c c o r ding to
the p r es ent inv entio n is s ho wn. To ma k e the s p ea k er
1 4 0 o f the p r es ent inv entio n, a n ex p o nentia l ho r n
tweeter p iez o c er a mic s p ea k er ma de b y Mo to r o l a under
Mo del No s . KS N 1 0 3 8 A o r KS N 1 0 4 1 A wa s mo di? ed
to ma k e a s p ea k er 1 4 0 ha v ing a f r ee- ? o a ting s p ea k er
c o ne 1 4 2 . The thr o a t a nd the p ha s er p l ug o f the a b o v e
no ted mo del s o f s p ea k er a r e r emo v ed f r o m the ho us ing
1 3 2 a nd r ep l a c ed b y s imp l y a g r a ting 1 3 4 ( s ho wn in
F IG. 4 ) , whic h do es no t tend to b l o c k o r da mp en ul tr a
s o und v ib r a tio ns . Rig id c o nnec tio n b etween the s p ea k er
1 4 2 a nd the s p ea k er ho us ing 1 3 2 is el imina ted. In the
s p ea k er a s ma de b y Mo to r o l a 2 1 thr o a t a nd p ha s er p l ug
p r es s the c ir c umf er enc e 1 4 4 o f the c o ne 1 4 2 a g a ins t a
r idg e 1 4 6 o n a s p ea k er c a s ing 1 4 8 . Ap a r t f r o m the r e
mo v a l o f the thr o a t a nd p ha s er p l ug , the c o ns tr uc tio n o f
the a b o v e- no ted mo del s o f s p ea k er need no t b e
c ha ng ed. Ho wev er , a f ur ther mo di? c a tio n, whic h im
4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
7
p r o v es g r ea tl y the ul tr a s o nic o utp ut p er f o r ma nc e o f a
p iez o c er a mic s p ea k er o f the k ind no ted a b o v e, is to
r emo v e the r ub b er s heet c o v er ing the s ide o f the mul
timo r p h wa f er , f o r ming the p iez o - c er a mic c r y s ta l ,
whic h is o p p o s ite the s ide a tta c hed to the s p ea k er c o ne
1 4 2 a nd whic h da mp ens a s mo o th r es p o ns e f o r a udio
us e. W ith the s p ea k er c o ne 1 4 2 f r ee- ? o a ting , the o nl y
thing whic h ho l ds the s p ea k er c o ne 1 4 2 in the s p ea k er
c a s ing 1 4 8 is the l ea d wir es 1 5 0 to the p iez o el ec tr ic a l
c r y s ta l 8 6 . A f o a m do nut 1 5 2 , s uc h a s c o mes with Mo d
el s KS N l Ol 3 8 A o r 1 0 4 1 A, is o p tio na l l y inc l uded, a s its
el imina tio n wil l no t detr a c t f r o m the mec ha nic a l c o n
nec tio n o f the p iez o el ec tr ic a l c r y s ta l 8 6 a nd the c o ne
1 4 2 , a nd ma y s er v e to ev en s l ig htl y imp r o v e the ul tr a
s o nic r es p o ns e o f the s p ea k er 1 4 0 . In f a c t, it ha s b een
f o und tha t el imina tio n o f the entir e s p ea k er c a s ing 1 4 8 ,
a nd l ea v ing the c o ne 1 4 2 s up p o r ted o nl y b y its mec ha ni
c a l c o nnec tio n to the p iez o el ec tr ic a l c r y s ta l 8 6 , p r o v id
ing s o me r ig id s up p o r t f o r the p iez o el ec tr ic c r y s ta l
( with the f o a m do nut 5 2 b eing o p tio na l ) g iv es the b es t
ul tr a s o nic r es p o ns e f o r the s p ea k er 1 4 0 .
Tur ning no w to F IG. 6 a deta il o f the p ul s e g ener a to r
s ec tio n 2 4 o f F IG. 1 is s ho wn, inc l uding the l o g ic c ir
c uitr y o f the CD4 0 0 l BE. Pin 1 4 s up p l ies s y s tem v o l ta g e
VDD to the CMOS c ir c uit el ements f o r ming the l o g ic
g a tes s ho wn in F IG. 6 . Pin 7 is s y s tem g r o und o r c o m
mo n V5 5 . The ena b l ing netwo r k is f o r med b y a p a ir o f
NOR g a tes 2 0 0 a nd 2 0 2 , o ne inp ut o f ea c h o f whic h is
g r o unded, i. e. , o n p ins 2 a nd 6 . Thes e a r e a l wa y s hel d a t
a l o w l ev el , i. e. , l o g ic 0 . The o utp ut o n p in 3 o f NOR
g a te 2 0 0 f o r ms a dir ec t inp ut o n p in 5 to l o g ic NOR g a te
2 0 2 . The o utp ut o n p in 4 o f NOR g a te 2 0 2 f o r ms a n
inp ut o n p in 1 to NOR g a te 2 0 0 thr o ug h a n RC del a y
l ine 5 0 , 5 6 . S hunting the RC del a y l ine 5 0 , 5 6 b a c k to
p ins 3 a nd 5 is a p a ir o f r es is to r s 5 2 , 5 8 in p a r a l l el , ea c h
with a n a s s o c ia ted dio de 5 4 , 6 0 . The v a l ues o f r es is to r s
5 2 a nd 5 8 a r e s el ec ted to g iv e, in c o nj unc tio n with c a
p a c ito r 5 6 , the ena b l ing netwo r k a time c o ns ta nt s uc h
tha t the o n time is l o ng er tha n the o f f time, s uf f ic ientl y
to ens ur e tha t the l o a d o n the o utp ut c a p a c ito r 3 8 o f the
p o wer s up p l y s ec tio n is s uf ? c ient to k eep the v a l ue o f
the v o l ta g e a c r o s s c a p a c ito r 3 8 f r o m g etting mo r e tha n
a b o ut 5 v o l ts DC a b o v e no mina l s y s tem v o l ta g e o f 3 5
v o l ts DC.
The o utp ut o n p in 3 is a l s o the ena b l ing inp ut to p in
1 2 o f the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r whic h inc l udes a
p a ir o f NOR g a tes 2 0 4 a nd 2 0 6 . The dur a tio n o f the
ena b l ing s ig na l o n p in 1 2 , whic h is o ne inp ut to NOR
g a te 2 0 4 deter mines the dur a tio n o f a r es p ec tiv e b ur s t o f
p ul s es ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y g ener a ted b y NOR g a tes
2 0 4 a nd 2 0 6 a nd s up p l ied to the GATE o f F ET 8 0 .
The o utp ut o n p in 1 1 o f NOR g a te 2 0 4 f o r ms a n inp ut
to NOR g a te 2 0 6 , the o ther inp ut o f whic h is g r o unded
to V5 5 . The o utp ut o f NOR g a te 2 0 6 f o r ms the o ther
inp ut o n p in 1 3 to NOR g a te 2 0 4 thr o ug h a del a y l ine
whic h inc l udes a n RC time c o ns ta nt p r o v ided b y r es is
to r 7 2 a nd c a p a c ito r 7 8 . Al s o c o nnec ted to p in 1 3 is a
c a p a c ito r 6 2 , whic h c ha ng es dur ing the p er io d tha t
NOR g a te 2 0 4 is ena b l ed, to ther eb y v a r y the time
c o ns ta nt o f the RC netwo r k 7 2 , 7 8 , thus s weep ing the
f r eq uenc y o f the o utp ut p ul s es o n p in 1 1 o f the v a r ia b l e
f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r f o r med b y NOR g a tes 2 0 4 a nd 2 0 6 ,
f r o m a ? r s t f r eq uenc y to a s ec o nd hig her f r eq uenc y .
The a ntenna 7 4 a l s o imp r es s es a v o l ta g e c ha ng e o n p in
1 3 , due to p ic k ing up , e. g . , 6 0 - c y c l e hum f r o m the a tmo
s p her e o r the p o wer c o r d to the VAC inp ut 2 8 . This
imp r es s ed v o l ta g e ma y b e a t times s ig ni? c a nt eno ug h,
dep ending o n the intens ity o f the 6 0 - c y c l e hum, to c o n
. 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
8
tr ib ute to r a ndo miz ing the s weep ing o f the ul tr a s o nic
f r eq uenc y within r es p ec tiv e b ur s ts .
The c ir c uitr y s ho wn in F IG. 7 wo r k s es s entia l l y the
s a me wa y , with the ex c ep tio n tha t VDD o n p in 1 4 is
v a r y ing in a c y c l ic a l f a s hio n, due to the ef f ec t o f the
p a r a l l el RC netwo r k 1 0 4 , 1 0 6 in the p o wer s up p l y s ec
tio n 2 2 ' s ho wn in F IG. 2 . As VDD v a r ies , the r a te a t
whic h c a p a c ito r 1 1 4 c ha r g es v a r ies , thus c ha ng ing the
duty c y c l e f r o m b ur s t to b ur s t. F ur ther , a s V DD c ha ng es
the f r eq uenc y a t whic h NOR g a tes 2 0 4 , 2 0 6 o s c il l a te
when ena b l ed dur ing a g iv en duty c y c l e c ha ng es ,
ther eb y s weep ing the f r eq uenc y o f p r o duc tio n o f o utp ut
p ul s es o n p in 1 1 to the F ET 8 0 in a ma nner whic h c o r r e
s p o nds to the c y c l ic a l v a r ia tio n o f VDD dur ing a ny
g iv en ena b l ing p er io d, i. e. , dur ing a g iv en b ur s t. The
g r ea ter the c ha r g e o n c a p a c ito r 3 8 , i. e. , the r ea l time
VDD, the s ho r ter the time inter v a l b etween ena b l ing
p er io ds .
S UMMARY OF THE ADVANTAGES AND
S COPE OF THE INVENTION
It wil l b e a p p r ec ia ted tha t in c o ns tr uc ting a n ul tr a
s o nic v ib r a tio n g ener a to r a c c o r ding to the p r es ent in
v entio n, c er ta in a dv a nta g es a r e o b ta ined. In p a r tic ul a r ,
the tr a ns f o r mer p o wer inp ut ha s b een el imina ted whic h
r educ es the c o s t, s iz e, p o wer c o ns ump tio n a nd p o wer
l o s s o f the p r es ent inv entio n. F ur ther , this a l l o ws us e a t
dif f er ent AC f r eq uenc ies , e. g . , 2 5 Hz , 5 0 Hz , a nd 6 0 Hz .
Al s o , the us e o f two a s ta b l es , o ne dr iv ing the o ther ,
ena b l es b etter v a r iety in the c ho ic e o f duty c y c l e a nd
s weep ing o f b o th the duty c y c l e a nd the ul ta r a s o nic
f r eq uenc y dur ing the duty c y c l e, in o r der to f o r m a to ne
b ur s t g ener a to r . To ne b ur s ts o f the k ind p r o duc ed a c
c o r ding to the p r es ent inv entio n a r e p a r tic ul a r l y us ef ul
in c o ntr o l l ing v er min a nd p es ts , s inc e the v a r ia tio ns in
the o c c ur r enc e o f b ur s ts a nd the v a r ia tio n dur ing the
b ur s ts p r ev ent the v er min o r p es ts f r o m b ec o ming a c
c l imia ted to the ul tr a s o und. F ur ther , dis tr a c ting a udio
o utp ut ha s b een r educ ed with the c ir c uitr y , a s dis c us s ed
a b o v e. The s p ea k er o f the p r es ent inv entio n a l s o f o r ms
a v er y c o mp a c t l ig ht- weig ht s p ea k er whic h is hig hl y
ef ? c ient f o r ul tr a s o und g ener a tio n, r es ul ting in a b o ut a
1 2 db g a in o v er k no wn s p ea k er c o ns tr uc tio ns .
The f o r eg o ing des c r ip tio n o f the inv entio n ha s b een
dir ec ted to p a r tic ul a r p r ef er r ed emb o diments in a c c o r
da nc e with the r eq uir ements o f the p a tent s ta tues a nd
f o r p ur p o s es o f ex p l a na tio n a nd il l us tr a tio n. It wil l b e
a p p a r ent, ho wev er , to tho s e s k il l ed in this a r t, tha t ma ny
mo di? c a tio ns a nd c ha ng es in b o th the a p p a r a tus a nd
metho d o f the p r es ent inv entio n ma y b e ma de witho ut
dep a r ting f r o m the s c o p e a nd s p ir it o f the inv entio n.
F o r ex a mp l e, c er ta in f ea tur es o f the c ir c uit o f F IG. 1
ma y b e inc o r p o r a ted a s wel l in the c ir c uit o f F IG. 2 , a nd
o ther c ir c uit c o mp o nents ma y c o nv enientl y b e s ub s ti
tuted to p er f o r m the f unc tio ns o f the c ir c uits dis c l o s ed
in this a p p l ic a tio n. By wa y o f ex a mp l e, the us e o f r es o
na nc e to s up p r es s a udio emis s io ns ma y b e inc o r p o r a ted
in the c ir c uit o f F IG. 1 f r o m the c ir c uit o f F IG. 2 . The
a ntenna o f the c ir c uit o f F IG. 1 c o ul d b e p l a c ed in the
c ir c uit o f F IG. 2 . F ur ther , o ther l o g ic netwo r k s us ing
o ther tha n NOR g a tes wil l f unc tio n a s o s c il l a ting p ul s e
g ener a to r s , a nd c a n b e s et up o ne to duty c y c l e the
o ther . Al s o , a tr a ns duc er o ther tha n a p iez o - c er a mic
mul timo r p h wa f er c o ns tr uc tio n ma y b e us ed in the p r es
ent inv entio n, e. g . , a n el ec tr o ma g netic r ib b o n tweeter ,
e. g . , o f the k ind ma de under the na me Dy na F l a t,
whic h wo ul d b e s ub s tituted f o r the c ho k e a nd tr a ns
duc er in s er ies with the LED, a nd ma y ha v e a r es o
4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
na nc e c a p a c ito r in p a r a l l el ther ewith. It wil l b e f ur ther
a p p a r ent to tho s e s k il l ed in the a r t tha t the inv entio n
ma y b e us ed with o ther s uita b l e mo di? c a tio ns within
the s k il l o f the a r t whic h wo ul d b e a p p a r ent to o ne
s k il l ed in the a r t. It is the a p p l ic a nts intentio n to c o v er
in the f o l l o wing c l a ims a l l s uc h eq uiv a l ent mo di? c a tio ns
a nd v a r ia tio ns a s f a l l within the tr ue s c o p e a nd s p ir it o f
the inv entio n.
W ha t is c l a imed is :
1 . An ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n g ener a to r c o mp r is ing :
a v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns f o r p r o duc ing
a n o s c il l a ting s ig na l a t a v a r ia b l e ul tr a s o nic f r e
q uenc y , r es p o ns iv e to a v a r y ing f r eq uenc y c o ntr o l
inp ut s ig na l to the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r ;
f r eq uenc y c o ntr o l inp ut s ig na l mea ns f o r p r o v iding
the v a r y ing f r eq uenc y c o ntr o l inp ut s ig na l to the
v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns ; '
s p ea k er mea ns , r es p o ns iv e to the o utp ut o f the v a r i
a b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns , f o r p r o duc ing
mec ha nic a l v ib r a tio ns ; a nd
a mp l i? er mea ns f o r a mp l if y ing the o utp ut o f the v a r i
a b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r a nd p r o v iding the a mp l i
? ed o utp ut o f the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r to
the s p ea k er mea ns , s a id a mp l i? er mea ns inc l uding a
VMOS ? el d ef f ec t tr a ns is to r ha v ing a dr a in; a
c ho k e; a c a p a c ito r , the c ho k e a nd the c a p a c ito r
ea c h ha v ing a ? r s t ter mina l c o nnec ted to the dr a in
o f s a id ? el d ef f ec t tr a ns is to r ; a nd a n induc tiv e l o a d
in p a r a l l el with the s p ea k er mea ns , the p a r a l l el
c o mb ina tio n o f the induc tiv e l o a d a nd s p ea k er
mea ns b eing c o nnec ted to a s ec o nd ter mina l o f s a id
c a p a c ito r ;
the induc tiv e l o a d a nd the s p ea k er mea ns ha v ing
r es p ec tiv e induc tiv e a nd c a p a c itiv e v a l ues whic h
p r o v ide r es o na nc e b etween the induc tiv e l o a d a nd
the s p ea k er mea ns a t a s el ec ted o utp ut f r eq uenc y o f
the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns .
2 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 1 f ur ther c o mp r is ing
the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns inc l uding a
? r s t p a ir o f l o g ic g a tes , the o utp ut o f o ne f o r ming
a n inp ut to the o ther a nd the o utp ut o f the o ther
f o r ming a n inp ut to the o ne thr o ug h a time del a y
l ine;
the ena b l ing mea ns f o r p er io dic a l l y ena b l ing the v a r i
a b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns inc l uding a s ec o nd
p a ir o f l o g ic g a tes the o utp ut o f o ne f o r ming a n
inp ut o f the o ther a nd the o utp ut o f the o ther f o r m
ing a n inp ut to the o ne thr o ug h a time del a y l ine,
the time del a y l ine in the ena b l ing mea ns b eing
r el a tiv el y l o ng in c o mp a r is o n to the time del a y l ine
in the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns ; a nd
the o utp ut o f the ena b l ing mea ns f o r ming a n inp ut to
the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns , to p er io di
c a l l y ena b l e the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r
mea ns .
3 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 2 f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the time del a y l ine o f the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a
to r mea ns inc l uding a n RC time c o ns ta nt a nd deter
mining the o utp ut f r eq uenc y o f the v a r ia b l e f r e
q uenc y o s c il l a to r ; a nd
the time del a y l ine o f the ena b l ing mea ns inc l uding a n
RC time c o ns ta nt a nd deter mining the dur a tio n o f
ea c h ena b l ing p er io d.
4 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 3 f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
mea ns f o r v a r y ing the RC time c o ns ta nt o f the v a r i
a b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r time del a y l ine dur ing
ea c h ena b l ing p er io d;
2 0
4 5
6 0
1 0
mea ns f o r v a r y ing the RC time c o ns ta nt o f the en
a b l ing mea ns time del a y l ine, dur ing ea c h ena b l ing
p er io d, a nd
mea ns f o r v a r y ing the inter v a l b etween ena b l ing p er i
o ds .
5 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 4 f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the mea ns f o r v a r y ing the RC time c o ns ta nt o f the
v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r time del a y l ine, the
mea ns f o r v a r y ing the RC time c o ns ta nt f o r the
ena b l ing mea ns time del a y l ine, a nd the mea ns f o r
v a r y ing the inter v a l b etween ena b l ing p er io ds ,
ea c h inc l uding mea ns f o r p r o v iding s uc h v a r ia tio n
in a r a ndo m ma nner .
6 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 1 , f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the s p ea k er mea ns inc l uding a n el ec tr ic a l l y ex c ited
tr a ns duc er ; a nd . 7
a n induc tiv e l o a d in p a r a l l el with the el ec tr ic a l l y
ex c ited tr a ns duc er .
7 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 1 , f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the s p ea k er mea ns inc l uding a p iez o el ec tr ic c r y s ta l
ha v ing a n inter na l c a p a c ita nc e; a nd
a n induc tiv e l o a d in p a r a l l el with the el ec tr ic a l l y
ex c ited tr a ns duc er a nd ha v ing a n the p iez o el ec tr ic
c r y s ta l a nd the induc tiv e l o a d a t a s el ec ted f r e
q uenc y within the r a ng e o f o utp ut f r eq uenc ies
g ener a ted b y the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r
mea ns .
8 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 1 , f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the s p ea k er mea ns inc l uding a n el ec tr ic a l l y ex c ited
tr a ns duc er a nd a s p ea k er c o ne c o nnec ted to the
wa f er , the s p ea k er c o ne no t b eing hel d in p l a c e b y
o ther tha n the mec ha nic a l c o nnec tio n to the tr a ns
duc er .
9 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 1 , f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the s p ea k er mea ns inc l uding a mul timo r p h p iez o
c er a mic wa f er tr a ns duc er a nd a s p ea k er c o ne me
c ha nic a l l y c o nnec ted o n o ne s ur f a c e o f the wa f er ,
the s p ea k er c o ne no t b eing hel d in p l a c e b y o ther
tha n the mec ha nic a l c o nnec tio n to the tr a ns duc er ,
a nd the o p p o s ite s ide o f the wa f er ha v ing no c o a t
ing o f da mp ening ma ter ia l .
1 0 . An ul tr a s o nic s o und g ener a to r c o mp r is ing :
a mea ns f o r g ener a ting el ec tr ic a l s ig na l s a t ul tr a s o nic
f r eq uenc y ;
a n el ec tr ic a l l y ex c ited tr a ns duc er mea ns f o r c o nv er t
ing the ul tr a s o nic f r eq uenc y el ec tr ic s ig na l s into
mec ha nic a l v ib r a tio ns ;
a s p ea k er mea ns ha v ing a s p ea k er c o ne mec ha nic a l l y
c o nnec ted to the tr a ns duc er mea ns a nd no t hel d in
p l a c e b y o ther tha n the mec ha nic a l c o nnnec tio n to
the tr a ns duc er .
1 1 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 1 0 f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the tr a ns duc er mea ns c o mp r is ing a mul ti- mo r p h
p iez o - c er a mic wa f er .
1 2 . The a p p a r a tus o f c l a im 1 1 f ur ther c o mp r is ing :
the s p ea k er c o ne c o nnec ted to o ne s ur f a c e o f the
wa f er a nd the o p p o s ite s ur f a c e b eing witho ut a
da mp ening c o a ting .
1 3 . An ul tr a s o nic v ib r a tio n g ener a to r c o mp r is ing :
a v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns f o r p r o duc ing
a n o s c il l a ting s ig na l a t a v a r ia b l e ul tr a s o nic f r e
q uenc y , r es p o ns iv e to a v a r y ing f r eq uenc y c o ntr o l
inp ut s ig na l to the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r ;
f r eq uenc y c o ntr o l inp ut s ig na l mea ns f o r p r o v iding
the v a r y ing f r eq uenc y c o ntr o l inp ut s ig na l to the
v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns ;
4 , 5 6 6 , 0 8 5
1 1
s p ea k er mea ns , r es p o ns iv e to the o utp ut o f the v a r i
a b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns , f o r p r o duc ing
mec ha nic a l v ib r a tio ns ;
the s p ea k er mea ns inc l uding a mul timo r p h p iez o
c er a mic wa f er tr a ns duc er , a s p ea k er c a s ing a nd a
s p ea k er c o ne, f r ee ? o a ting within s a id c a s ing a nd
mec ha nic a l l y c o nnec ted o n o ne s ur f a c e o f the wa
f er , the s p ea k er c o ne no t b eing hel d in p l a c e within
s a id s a id c a s ing b y o ther tha n the mec ha nic a l c o n-
nec tio n to the tr a ns duc er , a nd the o p p o s ite s ide o f
the wa f er ha v ing no c o a ting o f da mp ening ma te
r ia l ; a nd
a mp l i? er mea ns f o r a mp l if y ing the o utp ut o f the v a r i
a b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r a nd p r o v iding the a mp l i
? ed o utp ut o f the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r to 5
2 5
3 5
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
1 2
the s p ea k er mea ns , s a id a mp l i? er mea ns inc l uding a
VMOS ? el d ef f ec t tr a ns is to r ha v ing a dr a in; a
c ho k e; a c a p a c ito r , s a id c ho k e a nd c a p a c ito r ea c h
ha v ing a ? r s t ter mina l c o nnec ted to the dr a in o f
s a id ? el d ef f ec t tr a ns is to r ; a nd a n induc tiv e l o a d in
p a r a l l el with the s p ea k er mea ns , the p a r a l l el c o mb i
na tio n o f s a id induc tiv e l o a d a nd s p ea k er mea ns
b eing c o nnec ted to a s ec o nd ter mina l o f s a id c a p a c
ito r ;
the induc tiv e l o a d a nd the s p ea k er mea ns ha v ing
r es p ec tiv e induc tiv e a nd c a p a c itiv e v a l ues whic h
p r o v ide r es o na nc e b etween the induc tiv e l o a d a nd
the s p ea k er mea ns a t a s el ec ted o utp ut f r eq uenc y o f
the v a r ia b l e f r eq uenc y o s c il l a to r mea ns .
* it * * *