Kiendl - Isogeometric Analysis and Shape Optimal Design of Shell Structures

Technische Universitt Mnchen Technische Universitt Mnchen
Isogeometric Analysis and Shape Optimal Design

of Shell Structures
J osef Kiendl
Outline
- NURBS and isogeometric analysis
- The isogeometric Kirchhoff-Love shell
- Integration into CAD
- Isogeometric shape optimization
- Application to FSI simulations of wind turbine blades
B-Splines
Piecewise polynomial functions
Smoothness over element boundaries
Used for modeling of free form curves and surfaces
NURBS and Isogeometric Analysis
=
=
n
i
i p i
u N u
1
,
) ( ) ( P C
p>0: ) ( ) ( ) (
1 , 1
1 1
1
1 , ,
u N
u u
u u
u N
u u
u u
u N
p i
i p i
p i
p i
i p i
i
p i +
+ + +
+ +
=
p=0:
< s
=
+
: 0
: 1
) (
1
,
otherwise
u u u
u N
i i
p i
Cubic B-Spline functions
Cubic B-Spline curve
u
Tensor product of basis functions:
j i q j
m
j
p i
n
i
v M u N v u
, ,
1
,
1
) ( ) ( ) , ( P S =
= =
B-Spline Surfaces and Solids
k j i r k q j
l
k
p i
m
j
n
i
w L v M u N w v u
, , , ,
1
,
1 1
) ( ) ( ) ( ) , , ( P B =
= = =
Weighted control points P
i
(x
i
,y
i
,z
i
,w
i
):
=>Exact representation of conic sections
NURBS
Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines
j i q j
m
j
p i
n
i
j i j i q j
m
j
p i
n
i
w v M u N
w v M u N
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) ( ) (
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) , (

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= =
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p i
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=

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) (
) (
) (
P
C
Weighted control points P
i
(x
i
,y
i
,z
i
,w
i
):
=>Exact representation of conic sections
NURBS
Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines
Circle
Sphere
=> standard in CAD-programs !
j i q j
m
j
p i
n
i
j i j i q j
m
j
p i
n
i
w v M u N
w v M u N
v u
, ,
1
,
1
, , ,
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) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) , (

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= =
= =
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C
Isogeometric Analysis with NURBS
Idea:
Use functions from CAD (NURBS) as basis functions for FE ->common geometry description
+ No meshing - CAD model implies a NURBS mesh
+ Mesh refinement by NURBS refinement (order elevation and knot insertion)
+ Analysis on exact geometry ->advantage especially for thin shells
+ High-order elements with high continuities between elements
Outline
Kirchhoff-Love Shell Theory
Cross sections remain straight
Cross sections remain normal
->transverse shear strain is neglected
->no decoupling of rotations and translations
Valid for thin shells R/t >20 (e.g. cooling tower R/t >500)
x
xz
x
w
c
c
R
t
z
x
Isogeometric Kirchhoff-Love shell
Governing Equations
Internal virtual work
S - Piola-Kirchhoff 2 stress tensor
E - Green-Lagrange strain tensor (large deformations)
=>Separating strain into membrane and bending action
- membrane strain
- change of curvature
=>Problem for FE: curvature ->2nd derivatives ->C
1
continuity between elements
Isogeometric Analysis: NURBS -> C
1
continuity
geometrically nonlinear kinematics:
base vectors
unit normal vector
metric tensor
curvature tensor
membrane strain
change of curvature
Degrees of freedom =Control point displacements
No rotations!
Scordelis-Lo roof displacement plot
Large deformations and rotations
Benchmark: Straight plate bent to a circle
Moment modeled by a pair of forces perpendicular to the geometry
Outline
Isogeometric shell analysis integrated into CAD
CAD model of an oil barrel Applying boundary conditions
CAD models are surface-based.
->For thin-walled structures, CAD and shell model use the same geometry description.
->Design-through-analysis process inside CAD program (Rhino with IGA-plug-in):
geometric modeling, preprocessing, analysis, postprocessing
Refinement
Integration into CAD
Isogeometric shell analysis integrated into CAD
Deformation (scaled) Normal forces n1 (circumferential) Normal forces n2 (longitudinal)
Integration into CAD
CAD models are surface-based.
->For thin-walled structures, CAD and shell model use the same geometry description.
->Design-through-analysis process inside CAD program (Rhino with IGA-plug-in):
geometric modeling, preprocessing, analysis, postprocessing
Outline
}
min. dV .5 0 : e.g.
0 ) ( s s g
0 s h = ) (
def
: mass e.g. m m =
max
: stress e.g. s
. min ) ( s f
Shape Optimization
Shape Optimization with FE ->two different geometry descriptions
Optimization Problem:
objective function:
equality constraints:
inequality constraints:
design variables:
initial design objective
sensitivities
Design Parametrization:
CAD-based: CAD parameters
FE-based: FE nodes
n ,..., 1 s = i
i i i i
z y x l, r , , e.g. variables shape
meshing
CAD model Analysis model
Isogeometric Shape Optimization
}
min. dV .5 0 : e.g.
0 ) ( s s g
0 s h = ) (
def
: mass e.g. m m =
max
: stress e.g. s
. min ) ( s f
Shape Optimization
Shape Optimization with FE ->two different geometry descriptions
Optimization Problem:
objective function:
equality constraints:
inequality constraints:
design variables:
Design Parametrization:
CAD-based: CAD parameters
FE-based: FE nodes
Isogeometric: Control Points
n ,..., 1 s = i
i i i i
z y x l, r , , e.g. variables shape
initial design objective
sensitivities
meshing
CAD model Analysis model
Design variables: Control points
CAD model
Isogeometric analysis model
Isogeometric optimization model
Example: Tube under constant internal pressure
Find optimal shape of the section in order to maximize the stiffness
constant pressure
12 design variables:
x, y, w
of the four edge control points
Design Variables
Animation: Optimization steps
Section shape after optimization: circular
Circular section exactly represented by NURBS
constant pressure
constant pressure
Example: Circular Tube under point loads
coarse optimization model fine optimization model
Different refinements for optimization model
Optimized design model in CAD program
Outline
Application: FSI simulation of a Wind Turbine Blade
Cooperation project with Y. Bazilevs, M.-C. Hsu, UCSD:
Fully coupled, 3D FSI simulation of a wind turbine blade rotating in the air flow
Fluid: Isogeometric fluid elements
Structure: Isogeometric K-L shell
->matching discretization at the interface
Wind turbine blade
Fluid mesh
FSI simulation of wind turbine blades
Application: FSI simulation of a Wind Turbine Blade
Cooperation project with Y. Bazilevs, M.-C. Hsu, UCSD:
Fully coupled, 3D FSI simulation of a wind turbine blade rotating in the air flow
Fluid: Isogeometric fluid elements
Structure: Isogeometric K-L shell
->matching discretization at the interface
Structural model
Fluid mesh
3D FSI Simulation
Normal forces
Thank you for your attention

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Technische Universitt Mnchen Technische Universitt Mnchen

Isogeometric Analysis and Shape Optimal Design

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