Manuscript Writing Exercise

NOTE: None of these facts or data are real; all of this information was made for the
purpose of this exercise.
Introduction
Wellb !"#$: Increases in bod fat and muscle in cattle are independent% and affected b
diet composition and management.
&ones !""': In (olstein steers% feeding glucon )!* mg+d, from -** to $** .g bod
weight increased feed efficienc b !$/ )01*.*2,
3raser !"#": 4attle selected for higher rates of muscle growth had significantl higher
plasma nitrogen concentrations.
(ornb !""': In dair cal5es )!-* to !6* .g,% treatment with nitron )! mg+d, increased
serum nitrogen concentrations b -$/.
7mith !""6: In lactating dair cows% relati5e to control cows% glucon )!6 mg+d, increased
blood glucose concentration relati5e to control cows )!2 5s !" mg+ml% respecti5el;
01*.*6, and increased mil. production )-* 5s -- .g+d% 01*.*#,
8rown !"9!: In cattle being fattened for slaughter% as bod weight increases% feed
efficienc decreases% in association with accumulation of bod fat.
Tanner !"96: In feedlot cattle% increased blood glucose concentrations were correlated
with an increased rate of fat accumulation )r:*.29% 01*.*$,.
Hypothesis: In feedlot steers, a combination of glucon and nitron will increase feed
efficiency and deposition of backfat and muscle tissue.
Materials and methods
;lucon )!* mg+d, and nitron )6 mg+d, were used in a - x - factorial design
7ource of these products: 7igma 4hemical 4o. 7t. <ouis% MO% =7>
>dministered in the feed.
>t the start of the experiment% 9* >ngus steers% approximatel !2 mo of age% bod weight
a5erage 2** .g )range $9*?2-*,
@an.ed b weight and randomiAed% b replicate% into treatment groups
Bept in outdoor pens% 6 steers in each pen
3ed a feedlot diet of #6/ rolled barle grain% -*/ barle silage% and 6/ 5itamin and
mineral supplement )on a dr matter basis,.
The feed was a total mixed ration% fed once dail into a fenceline feeder% with a target
le5el of 6/ feed not consumed b the time of the next feeding. Once wee.l% feed not
consumed was remo5ed% weighed% and discarded.
3eed efficienc was calculated on a per pen basis )2* da inter5als,
7tud period was !-* d% then steers were sent to slaughter )commercial abbatoir,.
Twent?four hours after slaughter% the carcass was weighed% and bac.fat and muscle area
)longisimus dorsi% between the !-
th
and !$
th
ribs was measured.
>t the start of the stud% and then e5er 2* d% steers were weighed% a blood sample
collected )Cacutainer; 8ecton Dic.son% New Eor.% NE% =7>,% and ultrasound )$.6 M(A
linear?arra transducer% >lo.a% To.o% &apan, was used to determine bac.fat thic.ness
and muscle area )longisimus dorsi% at the Function of the !-
th
and !$
th
ribs.
7erum concentrations of glucose and nitrogen were determined as described )&ones%
-**6,. One assa for each compound. 4oeffecient of 5ariation was 9.9/ for glucose and
#.6/ for nitrogen.
4arcass grades:
7uperior carcass: carcass weight G-#6 .g% muscle are G-6* mm
-
% bac.fat G $$ mm
7tandard carcass: an carcass not exceeding the minimum in an categor.
7tatistical analsis
Mixed models >NOC>% with main effects of group% time% and their interaction% for bod
weight% feed efficienc% bac.fat% muscle area% and serum concentrations of glucose and
nitrogen.
<east 7ignificant Difference used to locate differences
4hi sHuare to determine the proportion of carcasses graded superior
>ll statistical analses done with 7tatistical >nalsis 7stem software )7>7 Inc.% 4ar%
N4% =7>,
01*.*6 was considered significant
@esults:
8od weight
In all groups% bod weight increased o5er time. The greatest increase was in glucon plus
nitron% moderate increase in glucon or nitron% and least increase in the control.
3eed efficienc
In all groups% feed efficienc decreased o5er time. The greatest efficienc was in glucon
plus nitron% moderate in glucon or nitron% and least in the control.
8ac.fat and serum glucose
In all groups% bac.fat increased o5er time. The increase was greatest in all glucon?treated
cattle and least in those not treated with glucon.
Muscle area and serum nitrogen
In all groups% muscle area increased o5er time. The increase was greatest in all nitron?
treated cattle and least in those not treated with nitron.
The proportion of carcasses that were graded superior was *+-*
a
% 2+-*
ab
% !*+-*
c
% and
!"+-*
d
for steers in the control% glucon% nitron% and glucon I nitron groups% respecti5el.
Discussion
Our hypothesis was supported; in feedlot steers, a combination of glucon and nitron
increased feed efficiency and deposition of backfat and muscle tissue.
;lucose and bac.fat% affected b glucon
7mith !""6: In lactating dair cows% relati5e to control cows% glucon )!6 mg+d, increased
blood glucose concentration relati5e to control cows )!2 5s !" mg+ml% respecti5el;
01*.*6, and increased mil. production )-* 5s -- .g+d% 01*.*#,
&ones !""': In (olstein steers% feeding glucon )!* mg+d, from -** to $** .g bod
weight increased feed efficienc b !$/ )01*.*2,
Tanner !"96: In feedlot cattle% increased blood glucose concentrations were correlated
with an increased rate of fat accumulation )r:*.29% 01*.*$,.
Nitrogen and muscle% affected b nitron
3raser !"#": 4attle selected for higher rates of muscle growth had significantl higher
plasma nitrogen concentrations.
(ornb !""': In dair cal5es )!-* to !6* .g,% treatment with nitron )! mg+d, increased
serum nitrogen concentrations b -$/.
8od weight and feed efficienc
;lucon and nitron ha5e positi5e effects indi5iduall% but a snergistic effect together
8rown !"9!: In cattle being fattened for slaughter% as bod weight increases% feed
efficienc decreases% in association with accumulation of bod fat.
4arcass
Increased efficienc of growth% increased profitabilit
Wellb !"#$: Increases in bod fat and muscle in cattle are independent% and affected b
diet composition and management.
Odd and unusual
! of -* steers gi5en gluconInitron did not ha5e a superior carcass
4oncluding paragraph
;lucon increased blood glucose% enhanced deposition of fat
Nitron increased blood nitrogen% promoted muscle growth
Indi5iduall% impro5ed rate of gain and feed efficienc
;reatest effect from combined treatment