SANDUGO

KASPIL2 C31 Group 6

Teenage
life in the
time of
war
Atty.
Ethelwoldo
E. Fernandez
april issue
the
japanese
takeover
The Good, The Bad
& The Ugly
the
story
behind
every ink
The Symbols Behind
Every Pintados
table
of
contents
FEATURES
OPINIONS
GAMES
REVIEW
NEWS
COMICS
4
The Story Behind Every Ink: The
Symbols Behind the Pintados
7
Import Substitution:
How the Filipinos survived the
Japanese Occupation
10
Teenage Life in Time of War:
An Interview with Atty. Ethelwoldo E.
Fernandez
5
The Japanese Takeover: The Good,
the Bad and the Ugly
7
How the Fraud of Kalantiaw Changed
Philippine History
14
The Spaniards and The Americans:
Are they both the same?
15
Anti-Dynasty Bill:
Still not approved by the House of
Representatives
18
Tattoos Before and Tattoos Now
16
The Truth Behind the Reel:
Minsa!y isang Gamu-gamo
18
Crossword Puzzle:
Filipino Social Class History
LETTER
FROM THE
EDITOR
The Strong Willed, Resilient Filipinos

In this issue of Sandugo, our team gathered up stories, shared
opinions and news about how the Filipinos continue to strive and how
the Filipinos strived despite any situation. Learning about these things
have helped us gain more insights on what it means for us to be
Filipinos. The lessons we learned in our KASPIL2 subject gave us a new
meaning of History and opened our eyes on the reality behind every
history lesson we learned in the past.
After nding out who the Filipinos are during pre-colonial period,
we found out where our roots came from. We realized how the Filipinos
have a culture of its own before any colonials came in our country.
Learning about he methods of the Spaniards and their real motives
made us understand and appreciate the strength they had to ght for
what their country. Understanding the stories behind the American and
the Japanese occupations gave us a new insight on what really
happened. We ,despite all the brutality the Japanese were said to be in
our old history books, they somehow helped us become Filipinos by
giving us the chance to express our thoughts in our language and test
our innovative minds during the times of need. We saw the Americans
for what they really are. We realized how they were not always our
savior and our hero and most importantly we realized how the mentality
instilled by the Americans still affect our culture and politics today.
This issue of Sandugo hopes to give our readers a new insight in
our history and at the same time appreciate being Filipino. We are the
strong willed, resilient Filipino people and we should always be proud of
where we came from!
Alec Kim P. Santos
R
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F
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!
Linguwahe Filipino
(02)-551-2345
linguwahe.lipino@abcd.com
FEATURES
Symbolism is part and parcel of pre-colonial Filipino warrior culture. A
certain clothing, tattoo or cicatrix may connote the wearers status in the
warrior society.
Tattooing was widely practiced in pre-colonial Philippines both for the
purposes of ornamentation and rite of passage. This was particularly
prevalent in the Visayas and among the highland tribes of northern
Luzon. So widespread was the practice of tattooing in the Visayas that
the Spaniards coined the Visayans pintados because their bodies were
covered with tattoos. Batuk is the general term for tattoos in the Visayas.
Even today, an annual feast called Pintados Festival is celebrated in
Tacloban to pay tribute to the ancient tattooing tradition of the Visayans.
On the other hand, in the mountainous part of northern Luzon, tattooing
traditions are still preserved today within certain tribes (Mallari, 2010).
William Henry Scott as cited by Mallari 2010, in his book Barangay:
Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture, explains that the display of tattoos
plays an important part in psyching up ones opponent in battle, he
wrote, Still more rugged were those who submitted to facial tattooing.
Indeed those with tattoos right up to the eyelids constituted a Spartan
elite. Such countenances were really terrifying and no doubt intimidated
enemies in battle as well as townmates at home. Men would be slow to
challenge or antagonize a tough with such visible signs of physical
fortitude.
The location of a tattoo also indicates a warriors experience. Chest
tattoos which looked like breastplates, tattoos on the abdomen only
came after further action in battle; and still later, those on the whole
back, widest field for the tattooers artistry. Facial tattoos from ear to chin
to eye were restricted to the boldest and toughest warriors.
Just like in modern times, tattoo works then were done by skillful artists
who charge for their services. The process is pretty much unchanged
over the centuries, which include the tracing of the design on the body,
pricking it with needles then rubbing soot into the fresh wound. The
process is very painful, which is why some men though qualified as
warriors avoid the operation for as long as possible until shamed into it
(Mallari, 2010).
The Story Behind Every Ink
The Symbols Behind the Pintados
By Ron Vidal
opinions
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines is a time that will
always bring about bad memories for the Filipino people. We
will always remember the inhumane actions done by the
Japanese who were claiming to be on our side. They
manipulated these people into thinking that they wanted the
best for them. In April of 1942, after the Filipino and
American soldiers had surrendered, they were forced to take
part in the Death March. These soldiers were forced to walk
over one hundred kilometers to a prison camp. They were
being tortured and some were killed when trying to accept
food and water from the citizens who were in the area. The
Filipino people started to feel threatened and had to resort to
violence to protect themselves and their families. Groups
such as the HUKBALAHAP were formed to rebel against the
Japanese and protect the country.
Another instance wherein the Japanese manifested their
brutality is the use of comfort women. These soldiers would
capture young women and rape them repeatedly. They
would keep these women in a house so that the Japanese
had access to them at all times. This shows that the
Japanese had no respect for women and the Filipinos as
well. They would treat them like trash, they did not care that
what they were doing was immoral and violent. They took
advantage of young women who did not understand what
was happening to them. This is something that would affect
them physically, emotionally, and psychologically. These girls
would not be able to recover from these incidents.
These are only a few examples of incidents that show the
brutality of the Japanese during the war. These incidents will
never be forgotten, something that will always be part of
Philippine history.
Yes, we will always remember the negative effects of the
Japanese occupation but there are a few positive things that
surfaced during this time as well. One positive effect of the
Japanese occupation would be the promotion of Tagalog.
Since the colonization by the Americans, Filipinos lost their
love and respect for their own country. The Japanese wanted
the people to start speaking their own language again and
regain the love they once had for their country. Another
positive effect is that the Filipinos at that time learned about
unity. They had to help one another and be there for one
another to be able to survive the actions being done against
them. They learned to support one another in times of need
as well as ght for the freedom that they all deserved.
The
Japanese
Takeover
The Good, The Bad & The Ugly
By Tisha Ramirez
Japanese Army entering the towns
Japanese in front of American
Propaganda Posters
By Ron Vidal
FEATURES
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942 and 1945, when the
Empire of Japan occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II. Japan
occupied the Philippines for over three years, until the surrender of Japan. A highly effective
guerilla campaign by Philippine resistance forces controlled sixty percent of the islands,
mostly jungle and mountain areas. Filipinos remained loyal to the United States, partly
because of the American guarantee of independence, and also because the Japanese had
pressed large numbers of Filipinos into work details and even put young Filipino women into
brothels.
Import restrictions stimulated the manufacturing sector. The Philippines had entered an
import-substitution stage of industrialization, largely as the unintended consequence of a
policy response to balance-of-payments pressures. Import demand outpaced exports, and
the allocation of foreign exchange was subject to corruption. Pressure mounted for a change
of policy (Laluna, Paras, Soliva, 2004). Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is
a trade and economic policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic
production.

ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign
dependency through the local production of industrialized products. In an attempt to protect
domestic producers from international competition, the government instituted tariffs until they
could develop their own industry and its domestic market (West, 1997).
import-substitution
How Filipinos Survived the Japanese Occupation
Can you imagine being drowned in the river or in boiling water for murder or theft? Or
perhaps, being exposed to ants half the day for killing a black cat during a new moon?
How about being beaten up for two days because you sang while travelling at night? It
may sound psychotic but it was once referred to as the penal code of our ancestors
long before the arrival of the colonizers.
The Kalantiaw Code of 1433 was regarded as one of the oldest Philippine penal codes.
It manifests the grating approach of the iron-fisted Datu Kalantiaw to ensure law and
order in his area. It was included in the two-volume Pavon manuscript that was
allegedly written by a Spanish secular priest named Jose Maria Pavon. This manuscript
was handed over by Jose E. Marco, a Filipino antiquarian, to the Director of the
Philippine National Library.
Because of this discovery, it was seen as a national pride. They established the
Kalantiaw Shine and Museum in Batan to conserve Aklans cultural and historical past.
It was also written in academic textbooks and taught in school, whether private or
public. Moreover, Ferdinand Marcos developed the famous award Order of Kalantiaw
which is considered as the highest honor to be conferred on judges or for law and
justice services. The code was certainly treated by both Filipinos and foreigners as an
absolute proof that there existed a Philippine legal system in the ancient times.
Generally, it was regarded as an important part of the pre-colonial Philippine history.
It was not until William Henry Scotts assertion that people started questioning the
Codes historical validity. Unbeknownst to many, it was actually Mauro Garcia, a Filipino
scholar, who first doubted the manuscript. He pointed out that people have been
establishing Philippine history without being critical about the suspicious reputation of
the antiquarian Jose E. Marco. Consequently, he suggested this to Scott, which
resulted to Scotts dissertation called A Critical Study of the Pre-hispanic Source
Materials for the Study of Philippine History.
How the fraud
Changed
Kalantiaw Shrine and Museum in Batan, Aklan
After scrutinizing the manuscript, Scott debunked the so-called penal code of Datu Kalantiaw. It was
clear that there was a lack of historical evidence, there is no Filipino legend or local folklore about Datu
Kalantiaw, and, most importantly, the source, Jose E. Marco, is an infamous forger. Kalantiaws
consequences were outrageous and unjustifiable. There was no rationale scale of penalty. For
instance, someone who has committed murder, or someone who has interfered with their superior, or
someone who has killed a tree of venerable appearance, they would all have to face death penalty
despite that their actions have different degrees of graveness. It is very illogical and to amplify the
conflict even more, in the Spanish accounts, ancient Filipinos allowed the dreaded criminals to pay a
fine. There is a clear contradiction of the statements and it is clear that there is no rationale behind all
of it. A question was even raised, how could they have condemned a criminal to swim for three hours
when in fact, they had no watches or clocks? They had a different sense of time back then.
In 2004, the National Historical Institute officially declared that the Code of Kalantiaw is a big hoax of
the Philippine History. Thus, it was called the Law code that never was. This fabricated document did
not just make our ancestors look uncivilized to the present Filipinos and foreigners, but it tricked us
and created a false identity of our forebearers. We even established shrines and the award Order of
Kalantiaw without us knowing we were all basing it on an absolute fraud. In addition, Ferdinand
Marcos supported Kalantiaws code while promoting brutal consequences to preserve order. Is it
possible that this code served as one of his stimuli in his Martial Law plans when he mentioned that
this country needed a leader who rules with an iron-fist akin to Datu Kalantiaw?
Despite the official statement that it is a fraud, it still persists in the academic sphere. Maureen
Justiniano (2011) explained the necessary changes in textbooks and in academic curriculum were not
forthcoming until almost thirty years following the release of Scotts publication in 1969. In the interim,
Filipino students have continued to internalize the Code of Kalantiaw as an integral part of ancient
Philippine history. It is also probable that some teachers are not aware that it has been debunked so
they continue to teach it to students and the miseducation cycle continues from there.
of kalantiaw
Philippine History
By Patricia Flores
The Alleged
Law of
Kalantiaw
OPINIONS
Its More Fun in the Philippines!!
Enjoy Manila
with
LAKWATSA.COM!
Teenage
life in
the time
of war
by Keanu Dy
Atty. Ethelwoldo E. Fernandez has been a well-known lawyer
and journeyman through out his career. Starting his career
back in 1954, he has worked for multiple companies and law
firms, such as Oriental Petroleum and Minerals Corp., Manila
Mining Corp., Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corp., Prudential
Guarantee and Assurance Inc., Sycip, Salazar, Hernandez, and
Gamaitan Law Officers, Escudero & Fernandez Law offices,
and the The Philippines Department Of Justice. At 84 years of
age, he still continuous to work as a special counsel for the
law form or Tolosa Romulo Agabin and Flores and to this day,
he also serves as a private lawyer for corporations such as
Director of Nationwide Development Corporation, R. Cuyuito
Securities Inc., and Panpisco Technologies Inc.
Today Atty. Fernandez answers some questions for us
regarding what his initial reactions and emotions were when
finding out that the Japanese had came, as well as some
thoughts on the Americans, and how life was during the war.
FEATURES
How old were you when the Japanese war
started?
At the start of the Japanese occupation, I was
just turning 14. I was 13 when the war broke out,
which was December 8, so by January second
and the Japanese entered manila, I turned 14
the week after.
How did the war change your life when it
started?
My life changed drastically because when I was
in high school and the war broke out, when the
Japanese came, the first thing that happened
was school was closed at the time the war
began, and it reopened only about 1943.
How did you find out that the Japanese were in
the Philippines for the first time, and how did you
find out school would be closing?
My mother used to love to listen to the shortwave
radio, and she heard that the Japanese had
bombed Pearl Harbor and that they were here.
She woke us up in the morning and told us that
we were at war, but we did not know what war
was at that time, so I thought, so what? So
everyone was doing their own thing, I put on my
boy scout uniform, I walked from our place in
Cosa Maria in Intramurous to take a bus to go to
The Ateneo to attend a mass and ceremony. We
had no classes because it was December 8,
feast day of the Immaculate Conception, but I
went there for mass. So we went to mass and
after the mass we were all gathered together and
assembled, and the priest told us that now the
Philippines was at war, and that classes would
be suspended until further notice. We were
dismissed, and that was the end of classes.
What did you do when you found out there were
no classes anymore? Were you scared?
Well, I walked back to Taft Avenue, took a bus
going back to Intramurous, and by that time the
air had changed. That day, the morning I walked
to Ateneo, everything just seemed the same, but
walking back home, there was electricity,
excitement in the air. You could tell something
different was happening. When I got back to our
place, the Japanese ice cream store in the
corner was full of people, and I want there to find
out what was happening. The Japanese under
the establishment had just been arrested,
soldiers were around with their helmets and
guns, and later that day officers were suspended
for the first time and we heard sirens.
Bombs?
Yes, the bombs seemed so near and actually the
Japanese were bombing Intramuros. The building
across Pasig River, and that was just 3 or 4 blocks
away from where we were.
Now how did the on going war and all this affect
your parents since offices were closed down?
After some air raid, when our folks came home,
the government had decided that war would
probably last around 3 months until the Japanese
would be defeated. My pops and mom who were
both working in the government were given pay
for 3 months, as were all the government
employees, and they said well call you back in 3
months, but the war lasted longer than that.
At the time of war, were you aware of what was
happening?
We all heard about the Japanese landings and our
soldiers fighting them, and it seemed like we were
doing all right, except they kept retreating, and we
had no airplanes to fight the Japanese back.
How did you find out about these things?
We had shortwave radios although it was
prohibited, so we could hear things and they were
slowly withdrawing to Bataan, so it looked like we
were winning because they we were retreating to
Bataan.
Ethelwoldo (Right
most) with his
brothers and mother
in the 1940s
Ethelwoldo (Left
Most) with his
brothers and Father
in the 1940s
What were your impressions of the Japanese
back then? Were they really cruel?
When the Japanese soldiers came in, everyone
was so scared. We heard so many stories of
people or friends who were shot by Japanese
soldiers, and now Japanese sentries were
posted in many places. If you passed by near
them and you dont bow, theyd shoot you.
Words spread around and we learned very
quickly. We felt intimidated by the Japanese
presence in manila.
At that time the US were helping you right?
What was your impression on them back then?
There was false news that even was admitted
by the US when the war was done. It claimed
that there were soldiers to join our forces in
Bataan and Corregidor and to start the counter
attack. It wasnt true, not only did it never
happen, there was never such thing at all,
which was propaganda. Of course we all
believed it. I think even General McArthur
believed it.
Can you speak a bit about General McArthur?
Was he very well respected at that time?
General McArthur was a hero in the First
World War, he was one of the youngest
generals promoted, then he became chief of
staff in the US army. He then resigned and
came to the Philippines to be a martial. He
wanted to fill up the Filipino army, but there
was no time because the Japanese struck
suddenly. But he was very well respected in
the Philippines, so we expected him to settle
things eventually. He declared Manila an open
city, an open city in war means that there
would be no guns and no bombings in the city,
so after that we were safe.
So there were no more Japanese soldiers?
Well most had retreated to Bataan and
Corregidor. There were still Japanese soldiers
around; wed just avoid them. They would
capture you under suspicion, bring you to Fort
Santiago, youd get yourself tortured you
there.
So at that point would you say your life kind of
normalized?
In our case, and I guess in the case of most
citizens unless you were a guerilla, we settled
down, and learned to how to continue with our
lives. But of course, we still faced some
problems.
Problems such as what?
After the Japanese settled down here and we
had our own government, things settled down,
so there was a market. In our case, since my
father had no work and my mother had no
work, we engaged in the business of selling
coconuts and bananas and opened a store in
Paco. A big truck would come in the morning
to deliver it, wed carry it to the market, and
then wed sell. So we earned a little money,
although in the end we lost money.
Lastly, can you talk a little bit on how life was
when you guys got used to the new times.
Things were hard, but it was not impossible. At
that time, we depended too much on our
parents, my father started selling old clothes,
and afterwards, we sold the 2 lots in Quezon
City we had. We had to walk all the way from
Paco to Divisoria to buy rice and walk back
Thank you very much for your time!
My Pleasure
Atty. Ethelwoldo E. Fernandez Today
Are they
Filipinos must be proud of this country. With its archipelagic position and vast array of natural
resources, who would be admired to get a piece of this land of flowing milk and honey? During the
pre-colonial time, being the centre of Asia, colonizers would try to claim this country in the benefit of
having connection with Asian powerhouse regions such as China, Indonesia, Japan and even all the
way to India. Those colonizers would later on be named the Spaniards and the Americans. When
they came, they brought with them their culture, religion, political ideologies and much more. These
are the top 2 countries that would likely stick into the peoples mind being the once that gave the
most influence. But do these colonizers differ from each other? At what incident do they become
similar in ways to control us?
During the ages of colonization, countries would sail and venture to other countries in order to
expand and diversify their culture, economic zones, and social inferences. In simple terms, the more
you colonize, the more powerful a country is. This is usually the same case with Spain and America.
The Spanish colony would come here with the mind-set of God, Gold, and Glory. They looked at the
Philippines as a funnel of flowing milk and honey with the vastness of our natural resources.
America on the other hand, has engaged their battle against communism in the different parts of the
Northern Hemisphere. Subsequently, they thought the Philippines would be a great vessel for them
to construct a military base which is conveniently connected to Asia and a channel of influence to
prevent communism.
God, Gold, and Glory, according to historians, this is the main reason why the Spaniards came and
colonized the Philippines. During the 16
th
century, they came to us as if they are friends that are
ready to spread the truth about religion with the hint and reinforcement of guns, force, and abuse of
course. Natives from that era are easily pacified and next thing you know, we are under the Spanish
rule. They also constructed towns of European influence, buildings, houses, and churches, and
plazas for easier colonization and religious conversion. As for the Americans, after the signing of the
Treaty of Paris in 1899, Philippines were now an American colony. They established a government
wherein education was top priority through adapting college and higher levels of education. Another
factor we learned from them is the sustainable and better ways to live/survive which is more
Western in its influence. Certainly they used a bit of force, which is evident because of certain
uprisings from the guerrillas and Moro wars that killed a lot of Filipinos. It is like we are deprived of
our rights to the point the Americans have more of it than us. They were in control for most of the
time, leaving us empty handed while our Big White Brothers are celebrating on trespassed property.
The Spaniards
opinions
both the same?
and The Americans
By Christian Guillen
These colonizers did not just take over through military force, but also affected on a cultural level
as well. Like the Spanish would introduce town-settlements, new methods on agricultural
development that is good for cash crops, Christianity, art through painting and poetry,
entertainment especially the sinakulo and gambling, culinary expertise like the arroz caldoz,
paella, valenciana and so much more that you can think of. Same goes with the Americans; our
democratic government is influence by them, Education which is commonly associated with
them and gave us the chance to go to the U.S. to study, equality among boys and girls,
introduction to free and open trade especially on tobacco where economic progress started to
show, the English language to which we speak most of the time than our national language and/
or dialects, sports like baseball and cricket, entertainment in television and such, and lets not
forget the foods which are American in nature especially chocolates, french fries, and
hamburgers.
Certainly, anyone would agree that both of these powerhouses have significantly been similar to
each other not only in their motives, but in their implementation and strategies to govern us
Filipinos. These are not just two unalike countries with a diversified culture; bottom-line is that
both of them are our colonizers. We can surely admire them of their authoritative initiative to
manage our country, but they are the key contributors of what makes the completely branched
out ideas and characteristics of Filipinos. With the efforts of these seemingly similar different
people, their ways of colonization resulted into one collective output of our countrys
modernization and cultural growth.
Catholic Mass in Philippine shore, introduced by the Spaniards
McArthur arriving back in the
Philippines during the 1st World War
NEWS
Anti-Dynasty Bill
Still Not Approved by the House of Representatives
By Gabe Acetre
Author of the anti-dynasty bill, Edgar Erice has been urging President Benigno Aquino to certify the
proposed bill as urgent. However, the president will not dub the bill as urgent. This bill, according to
the president, is not in the priorities of the nation as of the moment. He wants to thoroughly study this
and get all the necessary details.
Gusto ko mabasa sana nang kabuuan 'yan [anti-political
dynasty bill], he said. Marami tayong pinag-aabalahan sa
kasalukuyan both on the domestic and the international
scene, so gusto ko makita ang lahat ng detalye muna.
It is clearly seen that one of the reasons why President Aquino
wants to study this bill is because he may be affected when this
is passed. President Aquino is no stranger to the history of
politics; his mom, Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino and dad, Benigno
Aquino Jr. were icons in Philippine democracy. He has relatives
in the field as well, Gilberto Teodoro Jr., Teresa Aquino-Oreta and
potential future politician, Kris Aquino to name a few.
The anti-dynasty bill was originally written to ban the spouse,
children, siblings, grandchildren of an incumbent official. This is
certainly very controversial as 150 of the 289 house members
will be affected. The Binays provide the perfect example of this.
There are currently four Binays in office, one as the vice
president, one in the senate, one in congress and one as mayor.
Connections between families make up the political arena of the
Philippines and getting this bill approved will be truly difficult.
The struggles these authors of the bill face pushed them to
modify the bill and changed it. Now, they have allowed two
members of the political family to be in office at the same time.
Rep. Erice stated, We are eyeing a compromise that would be
acceptable to our colleagues so that the bill will have a fighting
chance, a better prospect of approval. It is still a long road
ahead until this anti-dynasty bill becomes a law.
Rep. Erice, one of the main
authors of the anti-dynasty bill
Pres. Aquino: anti-dynasty bill not a
priority for the nation right now
Four Binays currently in office: Vice
President Jejomar Binay, Sen. Nancy
Binay, Rep. Abigail Binay, and Makati
Mayor Junjun Binay.
review
The Truth Behind the Reel
Minsay isang Gamu-gamo
By Alec Kim P. Santos
Minsa!y isang Gamu-gamo (Once a Moth) is
a lm written by Marina Feleo- Gonzales and
directed by Lupita Aquino- Kashiwar. The lm
tackles the issues regarding the RP-US Visting
Forces Agreement. The lm was set in a
province near the Clark Air Base. Corazon
Dela-Cruz (Nora Aunor) is a nurse who aspires
to be an American Citizen to be able to provide
for her mother, grandfather and younger
brother. The lm focuses on the way Filipinos
live during the 1970s. The members of the
community where Corazon lives earn their
living from selling PX goods or imported
items from the United States and admire the
Americans very much. Certain events lead to
Corazon and her family!s realization on what
the Americans were doing in their community.
Their neighbor, Yolanda Santos, was accused
of stealing while working in the Military base.
She was force to be stripped search and was
embarrassed in-front of the american army,
when the marshall conscated her underwear
and agged it around. She later led a case
against them only to be maltreated more by
the American Military. Corazon!s family faced
the biggest turn in their lives when her younger
brother was shot by an American Soldier, while
the brother was playing near the base. The
American Soldier expressed his condolences
to the family and even gave a lame excuse of
thinking that the boy was a pig. Corazon and
Yolanda was seeking justice for what was
done to them, only to nd out that they have
no power against the Americans because the
government has no jurisdiction against them.
This movie reected the situation of the
Filipinos during the time where in there were
still American Bases in the country. Filipinos
were wanting to be like Americans but they
didn!t know that the Americans were treating
them like they do not have rights in their own
country.
! Yang i ni i si p mo ay ang
p a g b a b a w i n g i y o n g
Kamamayanan. Ang paguugaling
Amerikano ang pinapangarap
mo? Hindi mo ba nakikita na ang
pinapangrap mo ay pagkaduhagi
ng ating bansa?
The Film also has a lot of insights
about t he Nat i onal i sm of t he
Filipinos. Corazon really wanted to
be an Amer i can Ci t i zen. Her
Grandfather said in reply to her
American Dream
This particular line can still be said
to many Filipinos today, who prefer
to be a citizen of another country for
the sake of having a better life.
Filipinos are constantly dreaming of
becoming another citizen of another
country. Nationalism is somehow
becoming just a beautiful idea. It is
sad to say that a movie created
almost 40 years ago still applies to
the situation of our country today.
Minsa!y isang Gamu-gamo is a
great lm that portrays how Filipino!s
Nationalism is continually second
guessed.
COMICS
GAMES
Answer in Page 19
Tattooed Man Before
Tattooed Man now
SANDUGO
Alec Kim P. Santos
Patricia Flores
tisha ramirez
Ron Vidal
Keanu Dy
Gabriel Acetre
Christian Guillen
Editor
The Truth Behind the Reel: Minsa!y
isang Gamu-gamo
Comics
Feature: Teenage Life
in the times of war
Filipino Social Class
History Game
Opinions: How the Code of
Kalantiaw changed
Philippine History
Created the ADS
The Japanese
Takeover: The Good,
The Bad and The Ugly
The Story Behind Every
Ink: The Symbols
behind the Pintados
Import-Substitution:
How the Filipinos
survived the Japanese
Occupation
The Spaniards and The
Americans Are they both
the same?
Anti-Dynasty Bill still not
approved by the House
of Representatives
Sources
answer
The Story Behind Every Ink: The Symbols Behind the Pintados
Reference:
Mallari, S. (2010). Symbolism in Pre-Colonial Filipino Warrior Culture.
Fmapulse. Retrieved April 5, 2014, from http://www.fmapulse.com/
content/fma-corner-symbolism-pre-colonial-filipino-warrior-culture
Import Substitution: How the Filipinos survived the Japanese
Occupation
8eference: Laluna, C, aras, A, Sollva, v. (2004). An Analysls of Lhe PlsLory of
hlllpplne 1rade ollcy. 8eLrleved Aprll 3, 2014 from hup://
www.arellanolaw.edu/alpr/v7n1c.pdf
WesL, L. (1997). MlllLanL Labor ln Lhe hlllpplnes. hlladelphla, uSA: 1emple
unlverslLy ress. 8eLrleved Aprll 3, 2014 from hup://books.google.com.ph/
books?ld=kcaChzm8gACC&pg=A22&lpg=A22&dq=local+phlllpplne+producLs
+used+durlng+lmporL
+subsuLuuon&source=bl&oLs=yLCqC42C2o&slg=hn1?vlLCnllopl9kACw7WrLbW
bs&hl=en&sa=x&el=-2?_u9ye8cColAf7[lP48w&ved=0CCwC6ALwAC#v=onepage
&q=local20phlllpplne20producLs20used20durlng20lmporL
20subsuLuuon&f=false
The Japanese Takeover: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Photo Sources: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/
US_propaganda_and_Japanese_soldier.jpg

How the Fraud of Kalantiaw Changed Philippine History
http://www.tripsiders.com/spot/ncr/the-kalantiaw-shrine-and-museum
http://philippines-aklan-travel-guide.ourworldtravelguide.com/kalantiaw-
shrine/
https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/20312/
Justiniano-%20Kalantiaw%20Code-%20EXP%202011.pdf?sequence=1
http://opinion.inquirer.net/30125/remember-the-order-of-kalantiaw
The Spaniards and The Americans: Are they both the same?
Photo Source: http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/images/mcArthur.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/68/
Carlos_V_Francisco_First_Mass_in_the_Philippines.png

Anti-Dynasty Bill: Still not approved by the House of
Representatives
Photo Source: http://www8.gmanews.tv/webpics/v3/2012/01/
ZZZ_010912_mmanila.jpg http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/rMhYkFFqNpI/
0.jpg http://www.interaksyon.com/assets/images/articles/
interphoto_1349266447.jpg
Reference: Diaz, J. (2014, March 7). Lawmakers eye watered
down anti-political dynasty bill. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://
www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/03/07/1298067/lawmakers-eye-
watered-down-anti-political-dynasty-bill
Tan, K. J. (2014, January 29). PNoy: Anti-political dynasty
bill not among admin's priorities. Retrieved April 4, 2014,
from http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/346053/
news/nation/pnoy-anti-political-dynasty-bill-not-among-
admin-s-priorities

The Truth Behind the Reel: Minsa"y isang Gamu-gamo
Photo Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/
a9/Minsa'y_isang_Gamu-gamo.jpg
Reference: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0125408/