Physics 7C

Sections A, B, C & D
Professor Lawrence B. Coleman
1
Lecture 7 - Fields, Forces, Potentials & Potential Energy
& The Magnetic Field
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7
Poem of the Week:
I keep six honest serving men
they taught me all I knew.
Their names are What and Why and When
and How and Where and Who.
-Rudyard Kipling

! Quiz #4 next week
! To cover Fields and potentials
! Lectures 6 & 7
! The quiz will be 30 minutes not 20
minutes start times 8:20AM and 9AM
! Quiz will not be longer I am giving you
more time!
! FYI Material on lenses will appear on
the final
! Practice Quizzes and Solutions will be
posted on usual schedule.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 2
Announcements
! Quiz 1 , 2 & 3 Grades Posted
! Check Posted Grades YOUR
Responsibility.
! Rubrics & Solutions Posted for
Quizzes 1, 2 & 3
! Quiz 3 is graded coming back this
week.
! Get Quiz reconsiderations in ASAP.
! #1 by next week
! #2 & #3 by May 30th
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 3
Announcements
! Final Exam Thursday, June 12
th
@ 6:00 PM
! Final Exam Review TBA (aiming for Tuesday PM)
! I will Podcast (technology willing)
! Keep Checking Smart Site for more Final Exam info and
study aids.
! IMPORTANT I have to be out next Thursday and
Friday (May 22-23). Lecture 8 will be given by a guest
lecturer (TBA).
! I will not be able to hold my Thursday Office hour so
on Wednesday I will add an additional hour
@ 11:30AM -12:30PM in EPS 2314
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 4
Announcements
ANNOUNCEMENT

Monday May 26
th
is the Memorial Day
holiday. So we have a reduced DL
schedule, check out the Course
Calendar in the Resources Section of
Smart Site.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 5
Physics direction of dipole moment is
from to +.
Chemists also know this but they like to
draw---

Note the + at the base of the arrow, that is how
(careful chemists) note they have defied the
usual convention and are showing the positive
end of the molecule. UC Davis Chem-Wiki is
wrong!!! Or at least misleading
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 6
Dipole Moment
Physics vs. Chemistry

! What are they?
! Whats the difference between them?
! How do I picture them?
! How do I use them?
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 7
Fields, Forces, Potentials,
& Potential Energy
Todays lecture will explore --
! Forces are?
! Forces acting on an object over a
distance ( F X) do what?
! Doing ______ on a system increases
its energy.
! A system doing ______ on an outside
system looses energy.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 8
Back to 7A for a few minutes
Force, Work and Energy

?
?
! Forces push or pull
! Forces acting on an object over a
distance ( F X) do work.
! Doing Work on a system increases its
energy.
! A system doing work on an outside
system looses energy.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 9
Back to 7A for a few minutes
Force, Work and Energy

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 10
Springs, Work and PE

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 11
Charges, Work and PE

! We need to be careful in our language
because there are two concepts electric
potential energy and electric potential
PE
electric
& V
! If I put a charge in a field it has a potential
energy due to the interaction with electric
field.
! If I move the charge to another location in
the field, it will have different PE
electric

( unless both points are on an equipotential).
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 12
Potential Energy & Potential

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 13
Potential Energy & Potential

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 14
Potential Energy & Potential

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 15
Potential Energy & Potential

Increase small charge to 1 C
The electric potential is the
electric potential energy per charge.
V = PE
electric
/q

PE
electric
= qV
Work = !E = !PE
electric
= q!V

F
electric
= qE
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 16
Potential Energy & Potential

! Units of potential = J/C =Volt = V
! What we always measure is
potential difference ( just like
gravitational potential energy)
! If PE
elec
(point A) = PE
elec
(point B)
then !V
AB
= 0
! Careful V & V same letter different
meaning. Potential and its unit!

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 17
Electric Potential

! You get a potential difference when you
separate + and charges.
! Physically parallel plate capacitor
! Chemically battery ( electrochemistry)
! Biologically Na-K pump
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 18
Where does Electric Potential
Come From??

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 19
Where does Electric Potential
Come From??

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 20
Where does Electric Potential
Come From??

! What does moving to a higher
potential mean?
! It means a higher potential energy.
! It means you had to do work to get
there.
! It means a force was applied, work
was done.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 21
Electric Potential
What is the sign of !V?

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 22
Electric Potential
What is the sign of !V?

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 23
Electric Potential
What is the sign of !V?

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 24
Electric Potential
Bridging two equipotentials?

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 25
What About Connecting V & Force
Back to 7A again

PE
electric
= kqq/r
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 26
What About Connecting V & Force
Back to 7A again

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 27
What About Connecting V & Force
Back to 7A again

It is the slope that rules!


F = !
"PE
"r
= !
dPE
dr
PE
electric
= kqq/r
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 28
Potential, Potential Energy,
Field & Force

! Representation of magnetic vector
force.
! B the force and B the field
! Units of Telsa = T = 1 / ampm
! Also the Gauss G
! 1G = 10
-4
T
! B
earth
~ 0.5 x10
-4
T = ! G
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 29
The Magnetic Field

! Magnets have two poles
! Poles are not the same as charges
! There are no such thing ( so far) as a
single pole always paired so matter
how small the magnet. Always a
dipole.
! Poles called north and south N & S
! Like poles repel
! Opposite poles attract
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 30
North Pole South Pole

! Magnetic field lines are defined
( convention) to flow from the N
pole to the south pole.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 31
The Magnetic Field

! Compass needles are themselves
small magnets
! Labeled so that N end of compass
points in direction of field
! This means that the Earths south
pole is actually the magnetic north
pole!
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 32
The Magnetic Field

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 33
The Magnetic Field

Thanks to Physics 7C student
! Compass needles are themselves
small magnets
! Labeled so that N end of compass
points in direction of field
! This means that the Earths south
pole is actually the magnetic north
pole!
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 34
The Magnetic Field

! Magnetic Fields are created by iron
and other elemental metals and
compounds.
! In addition, magnetic fields are also
created by electric currents!
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 35
The Magnetic Field

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 36
The Magnetic Field

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 37
The Magnetic Field

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 38
The Magnetic Field

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 39
The Magnetic Field
another right hand rule!

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 7 40
The Magnetic Field