Electronics And Instrumentation

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 2012

How to Calibrate Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope is typically used for counting the frequency or magnitude of
the voltage (amplitude) of a wave or electrical signal. Most people will
use an oscilloscope to observe the shape of a sinusoidal waveform of the
circuit or power source of alternating current or AC (Alternating Current)
so that counting can directly magnitude below the peak amplitude of the
wave to the top of the top, so it is often known as the peak to peak
voltage (Vpp). But to do the calculations and get an accurate result it
must be ascertained in advance that we will use the oscilloscope has
been calibrated or not. To determine if the oscilloscope has been
calibrated or how to calibrate I will explain as follows.
Oscilloscope basically there are a few main buttons that have dierent
basic functions, among others.
Volt / div is used to set the voltage measurement or amplitudo in 1 box
or div to limit the position of the top and bottom of the box. More
precisely to determine the magnitude of the voltage which is calculated
in each box.
Time / div is used to determine the limit of the measurement period (in
seconds) or limit the left side and right side in one box or div.
Mode is to determine which channel is active or appear in the display.
Generally can be one channel or both channels simultaneously, even to
combine both the channel.
var on the volt / div is used to calibrate the voltage on each channel on
the oscilloscope. The eect on the settings button that changes the
distance up and down on one wave.
var on time / div is used to calibrate the period on all channel
oscilloscope. Securities that comes up on the settings button that
changes the distance left and right on the rst wave.
Position on y to adjust and shift the location of the top and bottom of the
wave on the screen.
Position on x to adjust and shift the location of the left and right waves
on the screen.
For more details please look at all the buttons on the oscilloscope
picture below .
After all the functions of the buttons on the oscilloscope are understood
then we can begin to do the calibration. First, we turn rst osiloskopnya.
Ensure that there is a line drawing on the screen and it was clear and not
blurry. Where do they blur the focus setting prior to turning the focus
knob below the screen, and check whether the line that looks slanted or
straight? If a line appears slightly tilted immediately xed by turning the
settings on the slope of the hole in the bottom of the screen by using a
screwdriver (-) small. After all the initial setup has been completed,
immediately prepare an oscilloscope probe to be used. Since the
function of the oscilloscope probe is very important to connect each
channel oscilloscope on the device which we will measure and can be
used to calibrate the oscilloscope itself. Oscilloscope probe itself is in
addition to functioning as a link can also be used as a factor when the
sources nor will we measure the circuit has a voltage oscilloscope than
the maximum capacity, because there is a switch on the oscilloscope
probes were labeled X1 and X10. The switch is usually only found on the
original oscilloscope probe so by putting the X10 position we can still
measure the voltage source greater than the measuring oscilloscope
(volts / div) to 10-fold the maximum limits of the oscilloscope. But for
homemade oscilloscope probe we can only use a maximum limit 1X on
the oscilloscope.
Oscilloscope
The main image on the oscilloscope.
In the picture above looks a switch on the original probe, but make sure
the position of the probe remains on the X1. If the probe does not have
the original can be used homemade probe using a good quality cable
and alligator capi. Put the probe on channel 1 and select the mode
switch on channel 1 (CH1.) as shown in the picture below.
After installing the probe on channel 1, position the probe tip at Cal
existing terminal on the lower left corner on the oscilloscope screen.
Note the inscription on it says that cal terminal 2 Vpp and 1kHz. That
means the oscilloscope should be calibrated so that the value of the
peak to peak or peaks up and down on the div box worth 2 volts and a
frequency of 1 KHz 1div. In the picture below is a picture of the
waveform calibration has not been done as yet to meet the existing rules
on the terminal posts cal.
Picture Probe oscilloscopes
Determining the mode on channel 1
The second step should be done for calibration is made so that the
values calculated in the rst box is 2 volts. The limitation used in the volt
/ div important free calculation results is div 1 box or 2 Volt. Rotate
button var near the volts / div to adjust or calibrate the voltage on
channel 1. When the value of one box is exactly 2 volts as shown below
means calibrating the voltage on channel 1 has been successful. Then
proceed to do kalibrsi frequency. Figure panels on the oscilloscope
To perform the calibration voltage waves make the value 1 (one peak
and one valley) on the square wave is 1 KHz. The way is set the volt / div
square wave pulse that is easily seen (try the value of 0.5 ms or 1 ms
only), and then turn the var below or near the time / div (var remember
the time / div ...!). For example I use the time / div to 0.5 ms then I had
to get the waveform peaks 1 box 1 box 1 box and 1 valley. So later when
calculated value of the wave period of 1 (one peak and one valley) is 0.5
ms + 0.5 ms = 1 ms (the value of the wave period). Then the frequency f
is 1 / T = 1/1 ms = 1 / 0.001 = 1000 Hz = 1 KHz (corresponding to a
value of 1 KHz at Cal terminal right ...?). For more details, please see the
picture below. Keep in mind that the value of var on the calibration of the
voltage on channel 1 was already done, so do not ever change at all, if
Placing the oscilloscope probe to the terminal cal.
Waveforms are in calibration voltage.
you do not have to repeat the calibration voltage channel 1 from the
beginning again.
After doing all the above steps means the oscilloscope on channel 1 is
calibrated voltage and frequency, it is ready for use. But channel 2 also
requires calibration, so if we will use the oscilloscope channel 1 and
channel 2 2 then the calibration should be done, but remember enough
to calibrate only the voltage (volts / div), no need to get to the frequency
(time / div) because for frequency calibration eect on channels 1 and
2. To test whether the calibration results we've succeeded or not to use
an output voltage of the transformer, eg 12 volts AC with a frequency of
50Hz PLN.
Setting time / div for frequency calibration
Waveform after calibration voltage and frequency
In the picture above, we see that the wave that appears on the screen
wider than the screen, change the volt / div at 5 volts.
After setting on the volt / div then the form of a sine wave can be seen
clearly on the oscilloscope screen as below.
Testing oscilloscope with an AC voltage source
Waveform sine amplitude limit
To further facilitate the calculation of voltage and frequency at the same
time then set the time / div so the sine waveform will be obvious and
easy to calculate the amplitude and period in the rst wave.
After drawing pins can be calculated magnitude of the amplitude and
period. Firstly may we count Vpp amplitude which is the value of the
wave. The amount measured was 3.4 box (3 box + 2 strip line inside the
box, each strip 0.2) and the volt / div that I use is 5 volts / div, then the
value of Vpp is the sine wave is 3.4 div x 5 volt / div = 17 volts. So the
magnitude is 17 volts Vpp, Vrms for her stay divided only by root Vpp
Vpp multiplied 2 or 0.707. It will get Vrms = 17 x 0.707 = 12.019 volts
(according to the inscription transformer). Furthermore, would we count
what is the frequency? It may make it easier to position the top and
bottom can be arranged in advance so that the wave is easy to obtain
midpoint as shown below.
Waveform after setting the limit amplitude (volts / div).
Waveform after adjustment period (time / div)

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intan permata at 3:56 AM
For counting frequency then we need to know in advance the wave
period. Based on the picture above it appears that the period (end nodes
left and right) are 10 div x 2 ms / div = 20 ms. So the frequency is 1 / T
= 1/20 ms = 1/0, 02 s = 50 Hz. Means of measurements using an
oscilloscope on the output transformer 12 volts is 12.019 volts AC with
a frequency of 50 Hz.
Hopefully above is useful as a baseline early, especially those wanting to
learn more about Lissajous oscilloscope to nd a model, compute the
op-amp gain, integrator and dierentiator.
Keep in mind that some models of the oscilloscope to the location of the
button may vary slightly, but all the functions are the same as described
above.
Adjustment of the position to calculate the period of a wave
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